Reduced neural activation during an inhibition task is associated with impaired fear inhibition in a traumatized civilian sample
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Impaired inhibition of fear in the presence of safety cues and a deficiency in the extinction of fear cues are increasingly thought to be important biological markers of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Other studies have suggested that there may be altered neural activation during behavioral inhibition tasks in subjects with PTSD. The current study aimed to see whether neural activation during inhibition was reduced in a highly traumatized civilian population, and whether atypical activation was associated with impaired fear inhibition. Methods The participants were 41 traumatized women (20 PTSD+, 21 PTSD-) recruited from Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, GA. We used a Go/NoGo procedure with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a high-resolution 3T scanner. Participants were instructed to press a button whenever an "X" or "O" appeared on the screen, but not if a red square appeared behind the letter. Participants were assessed for trauma history and PTSD diagnosis, and completed a fear-potentiated startle and extinction paradigm. Results We found stronger activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in traumatized subjects without PTSD compared to those with PTSD in the NoGo greater than Go contrast condition. Activation in the vmPFC was negatively correlated with fear-potentiated startle responses during safety signal learning (p = .02) and fear extinction (p = .0002). Conclusions These results contribute to understanding of how the neural circuitry involved in inhibitory processes may be deficient in PTSD. Furthermore, the same circuits involved in behavioral inhibition appear to be involved in fear inhibition processes during differential fear conditioning and extinction.
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Inhibition in the stop signal task correlated with a physiological measure of threat extinction in a fear-potentiated startle paradigm outside of the scanner.
“Inhibition in this task correlated with a physiological measure of threat extinction in a fear-potentiated startle paradigm outside of the scanner.”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [174]
The Results (§3.4; page not provided) report that vmPFC activation during a NoGo>Go contrast correlated with fear-potentiated startle during late extinction. The Methods (§2.3–2.4; pages not provided) identify the scanner task as Go/NoGo, not a stop-signal task, and state that startle and MRI were assessed at separate visits. The reported correlation concerns neural activation during response inhibition, not inhibition performance on a stop-signal task. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredJovanovic et al. found lower vmPFC activation during a simple stop signal (Go/No-go) task related to behavioral inhibition in civilians with PTSD.
“In another approach to this issue, Jovanovic et al. [174] found lower vmPFC activation during a simple stop signal (or “Go/No-go”) task related to behavioral inhibition in civilians with PTSD.”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [174]
The same circuits involved in behavioral inhibition appear to be involved in fear inhibition processes during differential threat conditioning and extinction.
“These data suggested that the same circuits involved in behavioral inhibition appear to be involved in fear inhibition processes during differential threat conditioning and extinction.”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [174]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Jovanovic, T., Ely, T., Fani, N., Glover, E. M., Gutman, D., Tone, E. B., Norrholm, S. D., Bradley, B., & Ressler, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Georgia State University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ressler, Kerry J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cortex
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1884-1891
- ISSN
- 0010-9452 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3540153
- OpenAlex
- W2012861810
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 11.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Archive @ GSU (submittedVersion)
- Counseling And Psychological Services Dissertations (Georgia State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000454)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 071537, MH092576, R21MH098212, R01MH096764, R01MH071537, R21MH092576, R56MH071537)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR00039, M01RR000039)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, fear inhibition, behavioral inhibition, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, neuronal activation, fear extinction, fear potentiation, safety signals, differential fear conditioning, go/no-go task, fear-potentiated startle
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Black or African American, Electromyography, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Inhibition, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reflex, Startle, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Urban Population, Prefrontal Cortex, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
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