Cited by 1,419SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesSARS-CoV-2 detection and testing

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Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans

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Seow, Jeffrey, Graham, Carl, Merrick, Blair, Acors, Sam, Pickering, Suzanne, Steel, Kathryn J. A., Hemmings, Oliver, O’Byrne, Aoife, Kouphou, Neophytos, Galao, Rui Pedro, Betancor, Gilberto, Wilson, Harry D., Signell, Adrian W., Winstone, Helena, Kerridge, Claire, Huettner, Isabella, Jimenez-Guardeño, Jose M., Lista, Maria Jose, Temperton, Nigel, Snell, Luke B., Bisnauthsing, Karen, Moore, Amelia, Green, Adrian, Martinez, Lauren, Stokes, Brielle, Honey, Johanna, Izquierdo-Barras, Alba, Arbane, Gill, Patel, Amita, Tan, Mark Kia Ik, O’Connell, Lorcan, O’Hara, Geraldine, MacMahon, Eithne, Douthwaite, Sam, Nebbia, Gaia, Batra, Rahul, Martinez-Nunez, Rocio, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Edgeworth, Jonathan D., Neil, Stuart J. D., Malim, Michael H., Doores, Katie J.·2020·Nature Microbiology

DOI 10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8PMC PMC7610833

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Abstract

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in most infected individuals 10-15 d after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. However, due to the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population, it is not known how long antibody responses will be maintained or whether they will provide protection from reinfection. Using sequential serum samples collected up to 94 d post onset of symptoms (POS) from 65 individuals with real-time quantitative PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we show seroconversion (immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA, IgG) in >95% of cases and neutralizing antibody responses when sampled beyond 8 d POS. We show that the kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response is typical of an acute viral infection, with declining neutralizing antibody titres observed after an initial peak, and that the magnitude of this peak is dependent on disease severity. Although some individuals with high peak infective dose (ID 50 > 10,000) maintained neutralizing antibody titres >1,000 at >60 d POS, some with lower peak ID 50 had neutralizing antibody titres approaching baseline within the follow-up period. A similar decline in neutralizing antibody titres was observed in a cohort of 31 seropositive healthcare workers. The present study has important implications when considering widespread serological testing and antibody protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, and may suggest that vaccine boosters are required to provide long-lasting protection.

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Method
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Background
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Result
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Background
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“65) and RBD protein (12) were cloned into a pHLsec”
MethodSelf-citation
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Chahla, R. E., Tomas‐Grau, R. H., Cazorla, S. I., Ploper, D., Pingitore, E. V., López, M. A., Aznar, P., Alcorta, M. E., Vélez, E. M. D. M., Stagnetto, A., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100123 · Cited by 37
Initial immune response after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or to SARS-COV-2: similarities and differences
Aiello, A., Fard, S. N., & Goletti, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244556 · Cited by 38
“Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies showed that Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers and neutralizing antibodies are detectable around 14 days after symptom onset, peak in 3 to 4 weeks, and decline subsequently causing a reduction of protection and increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection (9, 49…”
Background
The challenge of avidity determination in SARS‐CoV‐2 serology
Bauer, G., Struck, F., Schreiner, P. A., Staschik, E., Soutschek, E., & Motz, M. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26863 · Cited by 39
“for neutralizing IgG directed towards the receptor binding domain RBD, have been determined by several other groups.(15,20,23,24) They point to a central problem after natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Waning antibody levels most likely indicate the lack of protective”
Background
Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain to cells expressing CD40 improves protection to infection in convalescent macaques
Marlin, R., Godot, V., Cardinaud, S., Galhaut, M., Coléon, S., Zurawski, S., Dereuddre‐Bosquet, N., Cavarelli, M., Gallouët, A.-S., Maisonnasse, P., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25382-0 · Cited by 40
A surrogate virus neutralization test to quantify antibody-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in finger stick dried blood spot samples
Sancilio, A., D’Aquila, R. T., McNally, E. M., Velez, M. P., Ison, M. G., Demonbreun, A. R., & McDade, T. W. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94653-z · Cited by 36
Thermodynamically coupled biosensors for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Zhang, J. Z., Yeh, A. H.-W., Walls, A. C., Wicky, B. I. M., Sprouse, K. R., VanBlargan, L. A., Treger, R. S., Quijano‐Rubio, A., Pham, M. N., Kraft, J. C., et al. (2022) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01280-8 · Cited by 37
Promotion of neutralizing antibody-independent immunity to wild-type and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern using an RBD-Nucleocapsid fusion protein
de Castro, J. T., de Azevedo, P. O., Fumagalli, M. J., Hojo-Souza, N. S., Salazar, N., Almeida, G. G., Oliveira, L. I., Faustino, L., Antonelli, L. R. D. V., Marçal, T. G., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32547-y · Cited by 37
Structural and biochemical characteristics of mRNA nanoparticles determine anti–SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses
Shi, Y., Huang, J., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Guo, X., Li, J., Gong, L., Zhou, X., Cheng, G., Qiu, Y., et al. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abo1827 · Cited by 36
SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 (B.1.351) elicits cross-reactive neutralizing antibodiesPreprint
Moyo-Gwete, T., Madzivhandila, M., Makhado, Z., Ayres, F., Mhlanga, D., Oosthuysen, B., Lambson, B., Kgagudi, P., Tegally, H., Iranzadeh, A., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.06.434193 · Cited by 134
Is Herd Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 a Silver Lining?
Vignesh, R., Shankar, E. M., Velu, V., & Thyagarajan, S. P. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.586781 · Cited by 37
Antibody responses to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine: Infection‐naïve individuals with abdominal obesity warrant attention
Malavazos, A. E., Basilico, S., Iacobellis, G., Milani, V., Cardani, R., Boniardi, F., Dubini, C., Prandoni, I., Capitanio, G., Renna, L. V., et al. (2021) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23353 · Cited by 37
Class I HLA Allele Predicted Restricted Antigenic Coverages for Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins Are Associated With Deaths Related to COVID-19
Pretti, M. A. M., Galvani, R. G. A., Vieira, G. F., Bonomo, A. C., Bonamino, M., & Boroni, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.565730 · Cited by 34
“It is important to mention, though, that reaching herd immunity through vaccination for COVID-19 can be a hard task, probably requiring revaccination, since the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 may be lost rapidly (42) and people might thereafter be susceptible to reinfection with the virus.”
Background
The mutational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants diversifies T cell targets in an HLA-supertype-dependent manner
Hamelin, D. J., Fournelle, D., Grenier, J., Schockaert, J., Kovalchik, K. A., Kubiniok, P., Mostefai, F., Duquette, J. D., Saab, F., Sirois, I., et al. (2021) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2021.09.013 · Cited by 35
Polyclonal F(ab’)2 fragments of equine antibodies raised against the spike protein neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants with high potency
da Cunha, L. E. R., Stolet, A. A., Strauch, M. A., Pereira, V. A. R., Dumard, C. H., Gomes, A. M. O., Monteiro, F. L. L., Higa, L. M., Souza, P. N. C., Fonseca, J. G. D. S., et al. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103315 · Cited by 37
SARS‐CoV‐2 during pregnancy and associated outcomes: Results from an ongoing prospective cohort
Molenaar, N. M., Rommel, A., de Witte, L. D., Dolan, S. M., Lieb, W., Ibroçi, E., Ohrn, S., Lynch, J., Capuano, C., Stadlbauer, D., et al. (2021) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12812 · Cited by 36
Synergistically functionalized molybdenum disulfide-reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid based ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for real sample analysis of COVID-19
Yadav, S., Sadique, M. A., Ranjan, P., & Khan, R. (2023) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2023.341326 · Cited by 35
Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization by Secretory IgA in vitroPreprint
Wang, Z., Lorenzi, J. C. C., Muecksch, F., Finkin, S., Viant, C., Gaebler, C., Cipolla, M., Hoffmann, H.-H., Oliveira, T. Y., Oren, D. A., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.288555 · Cited by 35
Repeated vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 elicits robust polyfunctional T cell response in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients
Harrington, P., Doores, K. J., Saha, C., Saunders, J. G., Child, F. J., Dillon, R. J., Saglam, S., Raj, K. K., McLornan, D. P., Avenoso, D., et al. (2021) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2021.10.002 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
Differential Antibody Response to Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in Healthy Subjects
Zhang, J., Xing, S., Liang, D., Hu, W. G., Ke, C., He, J., Yuan, R., Huang, Y., Li, Y., Liu, D., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.791660 · Cited by 34
Mechanisms of Dysregulated Humoral and Cellular Immunity by SARS-CoV-2
Taefehshokr, N., Taefehshokr, S., & Heit, B. (2020) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens9121027 · Cited by 35
“Preliminary studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in some patients may only be maintained at protective levels for 2 months, indicating that humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may be short-lived [65].”
Background
How should we conduct pandemic vaccination?
Williams, J. H., Degeling, C., McVernon, J., & Dawson, A. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.059 · Cited by 34
Perspective on therapeutic and diagnostic potential of camel nanobodies for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)
Bessalah, S., Jebahi, S., Mejri, N., Salhi, I., Khorchani, T., & Hammadi, M. (2021) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-021-02647-5 · Cited by 34
Sera Neutralizing Activities Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Multiple Variants 6 Months After Hospitalization for Coronavirus Disease 2019
Betton, M., Livrozet, M., Planas, D., Fayol, A., Monel, B., Vedie, B., Bruel, T., Tartour, É., Robillard, N., Manuguerra, J., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab308 · Cited by 36
“This correlation between sero-neutralization and clinical severity has been previously described[7,10,13,14], and our results now indicate that this trend might persist over time.”
Result
Correlates of Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern by Early Pandemic Sera
Vidal, S. J., Collier, A.-R. Y., Yu, J., McMahan, K., Tostanoski, L. H., Ventura, J. D., Aïd, M., Peter, L. E., Jacob-Dolan, C., Anioke, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00404-21 · Cited by 34
Serum IgG levels in children 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparison with adults
Bloise, S., Marcellino, A., Testa, A., Dilillo, A., Mallardo, S., Isoldi, S., Martucci, V., Sanseviero, M. T., Giudice, E. D., Iorfida, D., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04124-w · Cited by 34
COVID-19 Vaccination, Herd Immunity and The Transition Toward Normalcy: Challenges with The Upcoming Sports Events
Dergaa, I., Abdelrahman, H., Varma, A., Yousfi, N., Souissi, A., Ghram, A., Hammad, A. S., Musa, E. R., Taheri, M., Irandoust, K., et al. (2021) · Annals of Applied Sport Science · doi:10.52547/aassjournal.1032 · Cited by 34
Efficacy and Safety of an Inactivated Whole-Virion Vaccine Against COVID-19, QazCovid-in®, In Healthy Adults: A Multicentre, Randomised, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial With a 6-Month Follow-Up
Khairullin, B. M., Zakarya, K. D., Orynbayev, M. B., Abduraimov, Y. O., Kassenov, M., Sarsenbayeva, G., Sultankulova, K. T., Chervyakova, O. V., Myrzakhmetova, B. S., Куралбаевич, Н. А., et al. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101526 · Cited by 36
Nationwide seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Israel
Reicher, S., Ratzon, R., Ben-Sahar, S., Alon, S. H., Mossinson, D., Shenhar, Y., Friger, M. D., Lustig, Y., Alroy‐Preis, S., Anis, E., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-021-00749-1 · Cited by 31
Antibody response after one and two jabs of the BNT162b2 vaccine in nursing home residents: The CONsort‐19 study
Blain, H., Tuaillon, É., Gamon, L., Pisoni, A., Miot, S., Rolland, Y., Picot, M., & Bousquet, J. J. (2021) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15007 · Cited by 31
High prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in the Xikrin of Bacajá (Kayapó) indigenous population in the brazilian Amazon
Rodrigues, E. P. S., Abreu, I. N., Lima, C. N. C., Fonseca, D. L. M., Pereira, S. F. G., dos Reis, L. C., Vallinoto, I. M. V. C., Guerreiro, J. F., & Vallinoto, A. C. R. (2021) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-021-01392-8 · Cited by 33
The evolving direct and indirect platforms for the detection of SARS-CoV-2
Fathi‐karkan, S., Maleki-baladi, R., Shahgolzari, M., Gholizadeh, M., Shayegh, F., & Arashkia, A. (2021) · Journal of Virological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114381 · Cited by 33
Clinical Performance of a Standardized Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Interferon-γ Release Assay for Simple Detection of T-Cell Responses After Infection or Vaccination
Fernández‐González, M., Agulló, V., Padilla, S., García, J. A., García‐Abellán, J., Botella, Á., Mascarell, P., Ruiz‐García, M., Masiá, M., & Gutiérrez, F. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab1021 · Cited by 34
Children and Adults With Mild COVID-19: Dynamics of the Memory T Cell Response up to 10 Months
Kaaijk, P., Pimentel, V. O., Emmelot, M. E., Poelen, M. C. M., Çevirgel, A., Schepp, R. M., den Hartog, G., Reukers, D. F. M., Beckers, L., van Beek, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.817876 · Cited by 32
Long-Term Persistence of Anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG Antibodies
Yousefi, Z., Taheri, N., Dargahi, M., Chaman, R., Binesh, E., Emamian, M. H., & Jafari, R. (2022) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-022-02800-0 · Cited by 31
“The findings showed that the levels of antiSARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody were at their highest level for 3 months (1st, 2nd, and 3rd samples) and then decreased in 15 months (the 5th sample) POS.”
BackgroundInfluential
Broad Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Including Omicron, following Breakthrough Infection with Delta in COVID-19-Vaccinated Individuals
Lechmere, T., Snell, L. B., Graham, C., Seow, J., Shalim, Z. A., Charalampous, T., Alcolea-Medina, A., Batra, R., Nebbia, G., Edgeworth, J. D., et al. (2022) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.03798-21 · Cited by 30
Self-citation
Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus as a Model for Acute Respiratory Coronavirus Disease
Keep, S., Carr, B. V., Lean, F. Z. X., Fones, A., Newman, J., Dowgier, G., Freimanis, G., Vatzia, E., Polo, N., Everest, H., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.867707 · Cited by 33
Evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in seronegative patients with long COVID
Krishna, B. A., Lim, E. Y., Mactavous, L., Lyons, P., Döffinger, R., Bradley, J. R., Smith, K. G. C., Sinclair, J. H., Matheson, N. J., Lehner, P. J., et al. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104129 · Cited by 32
Sequential Analysis of Binding and Neutralizing Antibody in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients at 14 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Rosati, M., Terpos, E., Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos, I., Agarwal, M., Bear, J., Burns, R. T., Hu, X., Korompoki, E., Donohue, D. E., Venzon, D. J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.793953 · Cited by 34
Applications of time series analysis in epidemiology: Literature review and our experience during COVID-19 pandemic
Tomov, L., Chervenkov, L., Miteva, D., Batselova, H., & Velikova, T. V. (2023) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v11.i29.6974 · Cited by 47
COVID-19 illness and autoimmune diseases: recent insights
Li, J., Liu, H., Yin, X., Li, C., & Wang, J. (2021) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-021-01446-1 · Cited by 33
Diverse immunoglobulin gene usage and convergent epitope targeting in neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2
Zhou, X., Ma, F., Xie, J., Yuan, M., Li, Y., Shaabani, N., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Wu, N. C., Lee, C.-C. D., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109109 · Cited by 31
“0204 log10) (Figures 1C and 1D), suggesting rapid decay of neutralizing antibodies in convalescent patients (Prévost et al., 2020; Seow et al., 2020).”
Influential
Specific COVID-19 Symptoms Correlate with High Antibody Levels against SARS-CoV-2
Amjadi, M. F., O’Connell, S. E., Armbrust, T., Mergaert, A. M., Narpala, S., Halfmann, P., Bashar, S. J., Glover, C. R., Heffron, A. S., Taylor, A., et al. (2021) · ImmunoHorizons · doi:10.4049/immunohorizons.2100022 · Cited by 34
The impact of digital contact tracing on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic—a comprehensive modelling study
Pollmann, T. R., Pollmann, J., Wiesinger, C., Haack, C., Shtembari, L., Turcati, A., Neumair, B., Meighen-Berger, S. A., Zattera, G., Neumair, B., et al. (2021) · EPJ Data Science · doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00290-x · Cited by 33
A rapid simple point-of-care assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies
Kongsuphol, P., Jia, H., Cheng, H. L., Gu, Y., Shunmuganathan, B. D. O., Chen, M. W., Lim, S. M., Ng, S. Y., Tambyah, P. A., Nasir, H., et al. (2021) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-021-00045-9 · Cited by 33
An automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) detects SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels in COVID-19 patients and vaccinees
Liu, B., Su, X., Yu, G., Yang, S.-L., Wang, F., Huang, T., Zhou, L., Hui, Z., Liao, Y., Qiu, Y., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.316 · Cited by 32
SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease
Reyes, R. A., Clarke, K., Gonzales, S. J., Cantwell, A. M., Garza, R., Catano, G., Tragus, R. E., Patterson, T. F., Bol, S. M., & Bunnik, E. M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261656 · Cited by 33
“COVID-19 patients rapidly generate potent neutralizing IgG antibodies against the spike protein [15, 16].”
Background
Limited Humoral and Specific T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in PWH With Poor Immune Reconstitution
Benet, S., Blanch-Lombarte, O., Ainsua‐Enrich, E., Pedreño-López, N., Muñoz‐Basagoiti, J., Regué, D. R., Perez‐Zsolt, D., Peña, R., Jímenez, E., de la Concepción, M. L. R., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac406 · Cited by 33
Accuracy of QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 research use only assay and characterization of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-SARS-CoV-2 response: comparison with a homemade interferon-γ release assay
Aiello, A., Coppola, A., Vanini, V., Petrone, L., Cuzzi, G., Salmi, A., Altera, A. M. G., Tortorella, C., Gualano, G., Gasperini, C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.049 · Cited by 32
Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization
Chandrasekar, S., Phanse, Y., Hildebrand, R. E., Hanafy, M., Wu, C., Hansen, C. H., Osorio, J. E., Suresh, M., & Talaat, A. M. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9020132 · Cited by 31
Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: Analysis of 123 Cases
Váncsa, S., Dembrovszky, F., Farkas, N., Szakó, L., Teutsch, B., Bunduc, Ș., Nagy, R., Párniczky, A., Erőss, B. M., Péterfi, Z., et al. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13030512 · Cited by 33
kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time. Results of 10 month follow up in over 300 seropositive Health Care Workers
Varona, J. F., Madurga, R., Peñalver, F. J., Abarca, E., Almirall, C., Cruz, M., Ramos, E., & Castellano-Vazquez, J. M. (2021) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.05.028 · Cited by 31
“Previous reports have described that levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase correlate to clinical disease severity and then decline after 3 months since onset of illness [17-19].”
Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients
Amodio, E., Capra, G., Casuccio, A., Grazia, S. D., Genovese, D., Pizzo, S., Calamusa, G., Ferraro, D., Giammanco, A., Vitale, F. M., et al. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9070714 · Cited by 30
Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition
Macioła, A. K., Raja, M. L., Pacenti, M., Salata, C., Silvestro, G. D., Rosato, A., & Pasqual, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.830710 · Cited by 31

Authors: Seow, J., Graham, C., Merrick, B., Acors, S., Pickering, S., Steel, K. J. A., Hemmings, O., O’Byrne, A., Kouphou, N., Galao, R. P., Betancor, G., Wilson, H. D., Signell, A. W., Winstone, H., Kerridge, C., Huettner, I., Jimenez-Guardeño, J. M., Lista, M. J., Temperton, N., Snell, L. B., Bisnauthsing, K., Moore, A., Green, A., Martinez, L., Stokes, B., Honey, J., Izquierdo-Barras, A., Arbane, G., Patel, A., Tan, M. K. I., O’Connell, L., O’Hara, G., MacMahon, E., Douthwaite, S., Nebbia, G., Batra, R., Martinez-Nunez, R., Shankar-Hari, M., Edgeworth, J. D., Neil, S. J. D., Malim, M. H., & Doores, K. J.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Guy's Hospital (GB)
Medway School of Pharmacy (GB)
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Corresponding author: Doores, Katie J.
ORCID: Seow, Jeffrey
Merrick, Blair
Acors, Sam
Pickering, Suzanne
Steel, Kathryn J. A.
Hemmings, Oliver
O’Byrne, Aoife
Kouphou, Neophytos
Galao, Rui Pedro
Betancor, Gilberto
Wilson, Harry D.
Signell, Adrian W.
Winstone, Helena
Jimenez-Guardeño, Jose M.
Temperton, Nigel
Snell, Luke B.
Bisnauthsing, Karen
Martinez, Lauren
Stokes, Brielle
Izquierdo-Barras, Alba
Patel, Amita
Tan, Mark Kia Ik
O’Connell, Lorcan
O’Hara, Geraldine
Douthwaite, Sam
Nebbia, Gaia
Batra, Rahul
Shankar-Hari, Manu
Edgeworth, Jonathan D.
Neil, Stuart J. D.
Malim, Michael H.
Doores, Katie J.
Venue: Nature Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-10-26
Volume: 5
Issue: 12
Pages: 1598-1607
ISSN: 2058-5276 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8
PMC: PMC7610833
OpenAlex: W3093667122
Cited by: 1,419
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 147 · 2022: 311 · 2021: 615 · 2020: 207
FWCI: 41.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Microbiology (publishedVersion)
medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (University of Málaga) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC/PC/15068, MR/N013700/1, MR/R015643/1, MC/PC/15068, MR/R015643/1, MR/S023747/1)
Huo Family Foundation
Wellcome Trust (WT098049AIA, MR/S023747/1, 106223/Z/14/Z)
Huo Family Foundation King’s Together Rapid COVID-19 Call award
DH | National Institute for Health Research (CS-2016-16-011)
King’s Together Rapid COVID-19 Call award Huo Family Foundation
Fondation Dormeur, Vaduz King’s Together Rapid COVID-19 Call award Huo Family Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, antibody waning, seroconversion, antibody kinetics, disease severity, infectious dose, reinfection protection, healthcare workers, booster vaccination, serological testing
MeSH terms: Seroconversion, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Viral, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks