Cited by 1,419SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesSARS-CoV-2 detection and testing

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Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans

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Seow, Jeffrey, Graham, Carl, Merrick, Blair, Acors, Sam, Pickering, Suzanne, Steel, Kathryn J. A., Hemmings, Oliver, O’Byrne, Aoife, Kouphou, Neophytos, Galao, Rui Pedro, Betancor, Gilberto, Wilson, Harry D., Signell, Adrian W., Winstone, Helena, Kerridge, Claire, Huettner, Isabella, Jimenez-Guardeño, Jose M., Lista, Maria Jose, Temperton, Nigel, Snell, Luke B., Bisnauthsing, Karen, Moore, Amelia, Green, Adrian, Martinez, Lauren, Stokes, Brielle, Honey, Johanna, Izquierdo-Barras, Alba, Arbane, Gill, Patel, Amita, Tan, Mark Kia Ik, O’Connell, Lorcan, O’Hara, Geraldine, MacMahon, Eithne, Douthwaite, Sam, Nebbia, Gaia, Batra, Rahul, Martinez-Nunez, Rocio, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Edgeworth, Jonathan D., Neil, Stuart J. D., Malim, Michael H., Doores, Katie J.·2020·Nature Microbiology

DOI 10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8PMC PMC7610833

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Abstract

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in most infected individuals 10-15 d after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. However, due to the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population, it is not known how long antibody responses will be maintained or whether they will provide protection from reinfection. Using sequential serum samples collected up to 94 d post onset of symptoms (POS) from 65 individuals with real-time quantitative PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we show seroconversion (immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA, IgG) in >95% of cases and neutralizing antibody responses when sampled beyond 8 d POS. We show that the kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response is typical of an acute viral infection, with declining neutralizing antibody titres observed after an initial peak, and that the magnitude of this peak is dependent on disease severity. Although some individuals with high peak infective dose (ID 50 > 10,000) maintained neutralizing antibody titres >1,000 at >60 d POS, some with lower peak ID 50 had neutralizing antibody titres approaching baseline within the follow-up period. A similar decline in neutralizing antibody titres was observed in a cohort of 31 seropositive healthcare workers. The present study has important implications when considering widespread serological testing and antibody protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, and may suggest that vaccine boosters are required to provide long-lasting protection.

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Fatal COVID-19 outcomes are associated with an antibody response targeting epitopes shared with endemic coronavirusesPreprint
McNaughton, A. L., Paton, R. S., Edmans, M. D., Youngs, J., Wellens, J., Phalora, P. K., Fyfe, A. J., Belij‐Rammerstorfer, S., Bolton, J. S., Ball, J., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.04.21256571 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the effect of plasma antibodies: a randomized controlled, open-label trialPreprint
The CONCOR-1 Study Group, Bégin, P., Callum, J. L., Jamula, E., Cook, R. J., Heddle, N. M., Tinmouth, A. T., Zeller, M. P., Beaudoin-Bussières, G., Amorim, L., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.06.29.21259427 · Cited by 11
Dynamics of infection-elicited SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children over timePreprint
Gentles, L. E., Kehoe, L., Crawford, K. H. D., Lacombe, K., Dickerson, J. A., Wolf, C. R., Yuan, J., Schuler, S., Watson, J. T., Nyanseor, S., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.01.14.22269235 · Cited by 11
“5 (1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 14, 23, 24), but fewer data are available detailing the longevity of circulating 64 antibodies in the pediatric population (24–27).”
Background
Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIVPreprint
Alrubayyi, A., Gea‐Mallorquí, E., Touizer, E., Hameiri‐Bowen, D., Kopycinski, J. T., Charlton, B. G., Fisher-Pearson, N., Muir, L., Rosa, A., Roustan, C., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-309746/v1 · Cited by 12
Panorama of Breakthrough Infection Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Review
Fan, Q., Nie, Z., & Xie, S. (2022) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina58121733 · Cited by 10
Humoral and cellular responses to SARS‐CoV ‐2 in patients with B‐cell haematological malignancies improve with successive vaccination
Pinder, C. L., Jankovic, D., Fox, T. A., Kirkwood, A. A., Enfield, L., Alrubayyi, A., Touizer, E., Ford, R., Pocock, R., Shin, J., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.18962 · Cited by 9
“91 packaging construct and SARS- CoV-2 spike expression vector of the desired strain (all vectors as described in Seow et al., 2020).”
Background
Systematic review of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and appraisal of evidence, prior to the widespread introduction of vaccine programmes in the WHO European Region, January–December 2020
Vaughan, A., Duffell, E. F., Freidl, G., Lemos, D. S., Funk, T., Nardone, A., Valenciano, M., Subissi, L., Bergeri, I., Broberg, E., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064240 · Cited by 12
Deep immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing depicts a comprehensive atlas of spike-specific antibody lineages shared among COVID-19 convalescents
Yan, Q., Zhang, Y., Hou, R., Pan, W., Liang, H., Gao, X., Deng, W., Huang, X., Qu, L., Tang, C., et al. (2023) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2023.2290841 · Cited by 9
“Consistent with the observation of the rapid waning of neutralizing antibodies in both COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees [51, 52], we found that only approximately 10% of spike-speci ﬁ c antibody lineages that presented at early times persisted for at least 12 months.”
Result
Development of T cell antigen-based human coronavirus vaccines against nAb-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants
Zhou, H., Leng, P., Wang, Y., Yang, K., Li, C., Ojcius, D. M., Wang, P., & Jiang, S. (2024) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.041 · Cited by 10
Theoretical and practical considerations for validating antigen-specific B cell ImmunoSpot assays
Lehmann, P., Karulin, A. Y., Becza, N., Yao, L., Liu, Z., Chepke, J., Maul‐Pavicic, A., Wolf, C., Köppert, S., Valente, A. V., et al. (2025) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2025.113817 · Cited by 10
Challenges to the Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Narrative Review with a Systematic Approach
Soldatov, A. A., Kryuchkov, N. A., Витальевич, Г. Д., Авдеева, Ж. И., Свитич, О. А., & Soshnikov, S. S. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13080789 · Cited by 12
“Although COVID-19 vaccines can induce high titers of neutralizing IgG and IgA class antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, they only offer temporary protection against the SARS-CoV-2 infection [1,111–113].”
A first probable case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Colombia
Novoa, W., Miller, H., Mattar, S., V, Faccini‐Martínez, Á. A., Rivero, R., & Coll, H. A. S. (2021) · Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials · doi:10.1186/s12941-020-00413-8 · Cited by 10
Balancing Potential Benefits and Risks of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Weber, M. S., Nicholas, J. A., & Yeaman, M. R. (2021) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000001067 · Cited by 12
“Third, patients with the most severe cases of COVID-19 often have the highest titers of specific antibodies.(33,34) Collectively, these findings suggest that B-cell function and antibody generation may have secondary roles compared with T cells and IFNs in protective immunity against COVID-19.”
Background
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Neutralizing Activity among Primary Health Care Workers 6 Months after Vaccination Rollout in France
Decarreaux, D., Pouquet, M., Souty, C., Vilcu, A., Prévot-Monsacre, P., Fourié, T., Villarroel, P. M. S., Priet, S., Blanché, H., Sébaoun, J.-M., et al. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14050957 · Cited by 10
A chimeric MERS-CoV virus-like particle vaccine protects mice against MERS-CoV challenge
Park, J.-E., Kim, J.-H., Park, J.-Y., Jun, S., & Shin, H. (2022) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-022-01844-9 · Cited by 10
Increasing test specificity without impairing sensitivity: lessons learned from SARS-CoV-2 serology
Perkmann, T., Köller, T., Perkmann‐Nagele, N., Ozsvár-Kozma, M., Eyre, D. W., Matthews, P. C., Bown, A., Stoesser, N. E., Breyer, M., Breyer‐Kohansal, R., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp-2022-208171 · Cited by 10
Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ragusa Area: Next Generation Sequencing and Serological Analysis
Denaro, M. F., Ferro, E., Barrano, G., Meli, S., Busacca, M., Corallo, D., Capici, A., Zisa, A., Cucuzza, L., Gradante, S., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24054742 · Cited by 10
“Further knowledge on the magnitude, timing, and longevity of nAb responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection is vital for understanding the role that nAbs might play in disease clearance and protection from reinfection (also called renewed or second wave infections) or disease [10].”
BackgroundInfluential
SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses associate with sex, age and disease severity in previously uninfected people admitted to hospital with COVID-19: An ISARIC4C prospective study
Parker, E. L., Thomas, J., Roper, K. J., Ijaz, S., Edwards, T., Marchesin, F., Katsanovskaja, K., Lett, L., Jones, C., Hardwick, H., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146702 · Cited by 10
SARS-CoV-2–specific antibody and T-cell immunity in convalescents after infection wave in Beijing in late 2022
Guan, X., Huang, Q., Dong, M., Li, M., Xie, H., Wei, X., Kang, L., Wang, X., Li, A., Wang, Q., et al. (2023) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.010 · Cited by 10
SARS-CoV-2 NSP5 antagonizes MHC II expression by subverting histone deacetylase 2
Taefehshokr, N., Lac, A., Vrieze, A. M., Dickson, B. H., Guo, P. N., Jung, C., Blythe, E. N., Fink, C., Aktar, A., Dikeakos, J. D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.262172 · Cited by 16
Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific memory B cells to delineate long‐term COVID‐19 immunity
Thieme, C. J., Abou‐El‐Enein, M., Fritsche, E., Anft, M., Paniskaki, K., Skrzypczyk, S., Doevelaar, A., Elsallab, M., Brindle, N. R., Blazquez‐Navarro, A., et al. (2021) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14827 · Cited by 10
Detection of Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody in COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh Is not Correlated with Previous Dengue Infection
Lytton, S. D., Yeasmin, M., Ghosh, A. K., Bulbul, M. R. H., Molla, M. M. A., Herr, M., Duchmann, H., Sharif, M., Nafisa, T., Amin, M. R., et al. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10060637 · Cited by 10
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA Identifies Asymptomatic Infection in First Responders
Montague, B. T., Wipperman, M. F., Hooper, A. T., Hamon, S., Crow, R., Elemo, F., Hersh, L., Langdon, S., Hamilton, J. D., O’Brien, M. P., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab524 · Cited by 10
“4 infection.[14-18] Persons with asymptomatic or mild infection in prior studies may have lower levels of IgG and may show a more rapid decay in antibody titers.”
Background
Longitudinal humoral antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a New York City hospital
Menon, V. P., Shariff, M. A., Perez-Gutierrez, V. A., Carreño, J. M., Yu, B., Jawed, M., Gossai, M., Valdez, E., Pillai, A., Venugopal, U., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051045 · Cited by 9
Performance Characteristics of High-Throughput Serologic Assays for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 with Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization
Theel, E. S. (2021) · Clinics in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cll.2021.10.006 · Cited by 10
Single-Cell Immunogenomic Approach Identified SARS-CoV-2 Protective Immune Signatures in Asymptomatic Direct Contacts of COVID-19 Cases
Sen, K., Datta, S., Ghosh, A., Jha, A., Ahad, A., Chatterjee, S., Suranjika, S., Sengupta, S., Bhattacharya, G., Shriwas, O., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.733539 · Cited by 10
“T-cell-mediated response is also critical in mediating longterm protection against SARS-CoV-2 (20), while B-cell-mediated antibody response tends to decline in convalescent patients (21).”
Background
Multiplex metal-detection based assay (MMDA) for COVID-19 diagnosis and identification of disease severity biomarkers
Zhou, Y., Yuan, S., To, K. K., Xu, X., Li, H., Cai, J., Luo, C., Hung, I. F., Chan, K., Yuen, K., et al. (2022) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d1sc05852e · Cited by 10
Humoral response to viral vector COVID-19 vaccine in hemodialysis patients
Raja, N., Rajagopalan, A., Arunachalam, J., Prasath, A., Durai, R., & Rajendran, M. (2022) · Kidney Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.23876/j.krcp.21.184 · Cited by 10
“In some studies, SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers decline substantially in dialysis patients within 3 months after diagnosis [25].”
Background
Immunization with synthetic SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein virus-like particles protects macaques from infection
Sulbarán, G., Maisonnasse, P., Amen, A., Effantin, G., Guilligay, D., Dereuddre‐Bosquet, N., Burger, J. A., Poniman, M., Grobben, M., Buisson, M., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100528 · Cited by 11
COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies and Their Adaptation to the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Stefanelli, P., & Rezza, G. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10060905 · Cited by 10
COVID-19 Adaptive Humoral Immunity Models: Weakly Neutralizing Versus Antibody-Disease Enhancement Scenarios
Danchin, A., Pagani-Azizi, O., Turinici, G., & Yahiaoui, G. (2022) · Acta Biotheoretica · doi:10.1007/s10441-022-09447-1 · Cited by 8
Fully understanding the efficacy profile of the COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors in multiple real-world settings
Panahi, Y., Einollahi, B., Beiraghdar, F., Darvishi, M., Fathi, S., Javanbakht, M., Shafiee, S., & Akhavan‐Sigari, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.947602 · Cited by 10
Translational Research in the Time of COVID-19—Dissolving Boundaries
Edgeworth, J. D., Batra, R., Nebbia, G., Bisnauthsing, K. N., MacMahon, E. M. E., Sudhanva, M., Douthwaite, S. T., Goldenberg, S. D., O’Hara, G. A., Shankar‐Hari, M., et al. (2020) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008898 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Six Months after Infection in an Outbreak with Five Hundred COVID-19 Cases in Borriana (Spain): A Prospective Cohort Study
Domènech-Montoliu, S., Puig‐Barberà, J., Pac-Sa, M. R., Vidal-Utrillas, P., Latorre-Poveda, M., Rio-González, A. D., Ferrando-Rubert, S., Ferrer-Abad, G., Sanchéz-Urbano, M., Aparisi-Esteve, L., et al. (2021) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid1010006 · Cited by 8
Learning from success: how has Hungary responded to the COVID pandemic?
McKee, M. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00240-x · Cited by 10
Potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses are Associated with Better Prognosis in Hospital Inpatient COVID-19 DiseasePreprint
Tighe, P. J., Urbanowicz, R. A., Fairclough, L. C., McClure, C. P., Thomson, B. J., Gomez, N., Chappell, J. G., Tsoleridis, T., Loose, M., Carlile, M., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.08.22.20176834 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
A betacoronavirus multiplex microsphere immunoassay detects early SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and controls for pre-existing seasonal human coronavirus antibody cross-reactivityPreprint
Laing, E. D., Sterling, S. L., Richard, S. A., Phogat, S., Samuels, E. C., Epsi, N. J., Yan, L., Moreno, N., Coles, C., Mehalko, J. L., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.10.14.20207050 · Cited by 10
Correlation between Baseline 25(OH) Vitamin D Levels and Both Humoral Immunity and Breakthrough Infection Post-COVID-19 Vaccination
Fanne, R. A., Lidawi, G., Maraga, E., Moed, M., Roguin, A., & Meisel, S.-R. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10122116 · Cited by 9
Сorrelation between age and the intensity of the post-vaccination humoral immune response in individuals passed COVID-19
Andreev, A. I., Andreev, I. V., Nechay, K. O., Esaulova, D. R., Baklakova, O. S., Vecherko, V. I., Shilovskiy, I. P., Кофиади, И. А., Гудима, Г. О., Martynov, A. I., et al. (2022) · Immunologiya · doi:10.33029/0206-4952-2022-43-5-583-592 · Cited by 18
Variation in antibody titers determined by Abbott and Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 assays in vaccinated healthcare workers
Nakai, M., Yokoyama, D., Sato, T., Sato, R., Kojima, C., & Shimosawa, T. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16547 · Cited by 10
“64 SARS-CoV-2 elicits an immune response in the host with simultaneous production 65 of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies [5-7].”
Background
Cross-reactive humoral and CD4+ T cell responses to Mu and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants in a Colombian population
Martel, F., Cuervo-Rojas, J., Ángel, J., Ariza, B., González, J. M., Ramírez-Santana, C., Acosta‐Ampudia, Y., Murcia-Soriano, L. F., Montoya, N., Cardozo-Romero, C. C., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241038 · Cited by 9
RETRACTED: Detection methods and dynamic characteristics of specific antibodies in patients with COVID-19: A review of the early literature
Xu, J., Chen, J., Wen, F., Liu, K., & Chen, Y. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24580 · Cited by 9
Retracted
Persistence and decay of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity in a Canadian cohort
Nouanesengsy, A., Semesi, A., Quách, K. Ư., Ivanochko, D., Byrne, W., Hwang, M. K., Neve, M.-R. L., Leon‐Ponte, M., Litosh, A., Wisener, N., et al. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01333-24 · Cited by 9
“Many studies have suggested that the humoral response differs in patients with distinct clinical disease progression and infection kinetics (18, 22– 28).”
Spike-specific IgG4 generated post BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination is inhibitory when directly competing with functional IgG subclasses
Tam, J. C. H., Sibayan, A. C., Seow, J., Graham, C., Kurshan, A., Merrick, B., Stanton, R. J., & Doores, K. J. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116000 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing
Massachi, J., Donohue, K. C., & Kelly, J. D. (2021) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-0365 · Cited by 8
“Several hypotheses that are of particular interest are that escape mutations enabling evasion of established immune responses would result in a greater probability of reinfection, individuals who experienced a less severe clinical syndrome during initial infection (especially asymptomatic individuals) may be at greate…”
Background
Perspectives on administration of COVID-19 vaccine to pregnant and lactating women: a challenge for low- and middle-income countries
Duarte, G. G., Coutinho, C. M., Rolnik, D. L., Quintana, S. M., Silva, A. C. R. E., Poon, L. C., & Costa, F. D. S. (2021) · AJOG Global Reports · doi:10.1016/j.xagr.2021.100020 · Cited by 9
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin profile in patients with celiac disease living in a high incidence area
Elli, L., Facciotti, F., Lombardo, V., Scricciolo, A., Sanders, D. S., Vaira, V., Barisani, D., Vecchi, M. L., Costantino, A., Scaramella, L., et al. (2021) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.027 · Cited by 9
Time dependent decline of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients from Pune, India and evidence of reinfection
Doke, P. P., Gothankar, J. S., Doke, P. P., Kulkarni, M. M., Khalate, K. K., Shrivastava, S., Patil, J. R., & Arankalle, V. A. (2022) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104979 · Cited by 9
“Sequential follow up of 39 patients from Japan [4] and 65 patients from UK [14] yielded similar findings.”
Analysis of Factors Affecting Neutralizing Antibody Production after COVID-19 Vaccination Using Newly Developed Rapid Point-of-Care Test
Shim, H. W., Shin, J. H., Shin, S. C., Lee, H. J., So, K. S., Lee, S. Y., Jun, J. W., Seo, J. K., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. Y., et al. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12081924 · Cited by 10
SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the Delta or Omicron variants
Vega, M.-A. D. L., Polychronopoulou, E., Ara, X. I. I. I., Ding, Z., Chen, T., Liu, Q., Lan, J., Nepveu-Traversy, M.-É., Fausther‐Bovendo, H., Zaidan, M., et al. (2023) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2023.2169198 · Cited by 10
“Likewise, neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels in individuals recovering from a low peak-infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 were found to decline to titres approaching baseline levels within three months [3].”
Background
Prevalence of Coronavirus Antibody Among First Responders in Lubbock, Texas
IWUJI, K. C., Islam, E. A., Berdine, G. G., NUGENT, K. M., Test, V. J., & Tijerina, A. J. (2020) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/2150132720971390 · Cited by 9

Authors: Seow, J., Graham, C., Merrick, B., Acors, S., Pickering, S., Steel, K. J. A., Hemmings, O., O’Byrne, A., Kouphou, N., Galao, R. P., Betancor, G., Wilson, H. D., Signell, A. W., Winstone, H., Kerridge, C., Huettner, I., Jimenez-Guardeño, J. M., Lista, M. J., Temperton, N., Snell, L. B., Bisnauthsing, K., Moore, A., Green, A., Martinez, L., Stokes, B., Honey, J., Izquierdo-Barras, A., Arbane, G., Patel, A., Tan, M. K. I., O’Connell, L., O’Hara, G., MacMahon, E., Douthwaite, S., Nebbia, G., Batra, R., Martinez-Nunez, R., Shankar-Hari, M., Edgeworth, J. D., Neil, S. J. D., Malim, M. H., & Doores, K. J.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Guy's Hospital (GB)
Medway School of Pharmacy (GB)
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Corresponding author: Doores, Katie J.
ORCID: Seow, Jeffrey
Merrick, Blair
Acors, Sam
Pickering, Suzanne
Steel, Kathryn J. A.
Hemmings, Oliver
O’Byrne, Aoife
Kouphou, Neophytos
Galao, Rui Pedro
Betancor, Gilberto
Wilson, Harry D.
Signell, Adrian W.
Winstone, Helena
Jimenez-Guardeño, Jose M.
Temperton, Nigel
Snell, Luke B.
Bisnauthsing, Karen
Martinez, Lauren
Stokes, Brielle
Izquierdo-Barras, Alba
Patel, Amita
Tan, Mark Kia Ik
O’Connell, Lorcan
O’Hara, Geraldine
Douthwaite, Sam
Nebbia, Gaia
Batra, Rahul
Shankar-Hari, Manu
Edgeworth, Jonathan D.
Neil, Stuart J. D.
Malim, Michael H.
Doores, Katie J.
Venue: Nature Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-10-26
Volume: 5
Issue: 12
Pages: 1598-1607
ISSN: 2058-5276 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8
PMC: PMC7610833
OpenAlex: W3093667122
Cited by: 1,419
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 147 · 2022: 311 · 2021: 615 · 2020: 207
FWCI: 41.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Microbiology (publishedVersion)
medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (University of Málaga) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC/PC/15068, MR/N013700/1, MR/R015643/1, MC/PC/15068, MR/R015643/1, MR/S023747/1)
Huo Family Foundation
Wellcome Trust (WT098049AIA, MR/S023747/1, 106223/Z/14/Z)
Huo Family Foundation King’s Together Rapid COVID-19 Call award
DH | National Institute for Health Research (CS-2016-16-011)
King’s Together Rapid COVID-19 Call award Huo Family Foundation
Fondation Dormeur, Vaduz King’s Together Rapid COVID-19 Call award Huo Family Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, antibody waning, seroconversion, antibody kinetics, disease severity, infectious dose, reinfection protection, healthcare workers, booster vaccination, serological testing
MeSH terms: Seroconversion, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Viral, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing

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Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans

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