Cited by 1,419SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesSARS-CoV-2 detection and testing

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Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans

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Seow, Jeffrey, Graham, Carl, Merrick, Blair, Acors, Sam, Pickering, Suzanne, Steel, Kathryn J. A., Hemmings, Oliver, O’Byrne, Aoife, Kouphou, Neophytos, Galao, Rui Pedro, Betancor, Gilberto, Wilson, Harry D., Signell, Adrian W., Winstone, Helena, Kerridge, Claire, Huettner, Isabella, Jimenez-Guardeño, Jose M., Lista, Maria Jose, Temperton, Nigel, Snell, Luke B., Bisnauthsing, Karen, Moore, Amelia, Green, Adrian, Martinez, Lauren, Stokes, Brielle, Honey, Johanna, Izquierdo-Barras, Alba, Arbane, Gill, Patel, Amita, Tan, Mark Kia Ik, O’Connell, Lorcan, O’Hara, Geraldine, MacMahon, Eithne, Douthwaite, Sam, Nebbia, Gaia, Batra, Rahul, Martinez-Nunez, Rocio, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Edgeworth, Jonathan D., Neil, Stuart J. D., Malim, Michael H., Doores, Katie J.·2020·Nature Microbiology

DOI 10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8PMC PMC7610833

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Abstract

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in most infected individuals 10-15 d after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. However, due to the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population, it is not known how long antibody responses will be maintained or whether they will provide protection from reinfection. Using sequential serum samples collected up to 94 d post onset of symptoms (POS) from 65 individuals with real-time quantitative PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we show seroconversion (immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA, IgG) in >95% of cases and neutralizing antibody responses when sampled beyond 8 d POS. We show that the kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response is typical of an acute viral infection, with declining neutralizing antibody titres observed after an initial peak, and that the magnitude of this peak is dependent on disease severity. Although some individuals with high peak infective dose (ID 50 > 10,000) maintained neutralizing antibody titres >1,000 at >60 d POS, some with lower peak ID 50 had neutralizing antibody titres approaching baseline within the follow-up period. A similar decline in neutralizing antibody titres was observed in a cohort of 31 seropositive healthcare workers. The present study has important implications when considering widespread serological testing and antibody protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, and may suggest that vaccine boosters are required to provide long-lasting protection.

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Fast and Accurate Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Based on Antibody-Mediated Blocking of the Interaction of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD
Kolesov, D., Sinegubova, M. V., Dayanova, L. K., Dolzhikova, I. V., Vorobiev, I. I., & Orlova, N. A. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12020393 · Cited by 16
Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants-Of-Concern Six Months after the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination
Jalkanen, P., Kolehmainen, P., Haveri, A., Huttunen, M., Laine, L., Österlund, P., Tähtinen, P. A., Ivaska, L., Maljanen, S., Reinholm, A., et al. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02252-21 · Cited by 15
“Previous studies have shown a decline in N- and S1-specific antibodies after SARSCoV-2 infection (16, 17).”
BackgroundResult
Boosting maternal and neonatal humoral immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection using a single messenger RNA vaccine dose
Nevo, L., Cahen‐Peretz, A., Vorontsov, O. M., Frenkel, R., Kabessa, M., Cohen, S. M., Hamrani, A., Oiknine‐Djian, E., Lipschuetz, M., Goldman‐Wohl, D., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.04.010 · Cited by 15
New insights into human immune memory from SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection and vaccination
Hartley, G. E., Edwards, E. S. J., O’Hehir, R. E., & van Zelm, M. C. (2022) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15502 · Cited by 15
Distinct antigenic properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages BA.4 and BA.5Preprint
Willett, B. J., Kurshan, A., Thakur, N., Newman, J., Manali, M., Tyson, G. B., Logan, N. A., Murcia, P. R., Snell, L. B., Edgeworth, J. D., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.25.493397 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Antibody Seroprevalence among UK Healthcare Professionals Working with Cancer Patients during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Favara, D. M., McAdam, K., Cooke, A., Bordessa-Kelly, A., Budriunaite, I., Bossingham, S., Houghton, S., Döffinger, R., Ainsworth, N. L., & Corrie, P. G. (2021) · Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.clon.2021.04.005 · Cited by 13
Time-dependent decay of detectable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: A comparison of ELISA with two batches of a lateral-flow test
da Silveira, M. F., Mesenburg, M. A., Dellagostin, O. A., de Oliveira, N. R., Maia, M. A. C., Santos, F. D. S., Vale, A. M., Menezes, A. M. B., Victora, G. D., Victora, C. G., et al. (2021) · The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101601 · Cited by 14
Insights into Pathology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 from a Histopathological and Immunological Perspective
Iida, S., Arashiro, T., & Suzuki, T. (2021) · JMA Journal · doi:10.31662/jmaj.2021-0041 · Cited by 14
Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity among Healthy Young Adults over Seven Months
Lea, C. S., Simeonsson, K. L., Kipp, A. M., McNeill, C., Wilcox, L., Irish, W. D., Morris, H., Diaz, O., Fallon, J. T., & Roper, R. L. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10091532 · Cited by 13
Persistent memory despite rapid contraction of circulating T Cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination
Taus, E., Hofmann, C., Ibarrondo, F. J., Gong, L. S., Hausner, M. A., Fulcher, J. A., Krogstad, P. A., Kitchen, S. G., Ferbas, K. G., Tobin, N. H., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100594 · Cited by 14
Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations
Purcell, R. A., Theisen, R. M., Arnold, K. B., Chung, A. W., & Selva, K. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183727 · Cited by 16
Multimorbidity and Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Nine Months after 1st Vaccine Dose: European Cohort of Healthcare Workers—Orchestra Project
Violán, C., Carrasco-Ribelles, L. A., Collatuzzo, G., Ditano, G., Abedini, M., Janke, C., Reinkemeyer, C., Thi, T. G. L., Liviero, F., Scapellato, M. L., et al. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11081340 · Cited by 14
Presence and short‐term persistence of SARS‐CoV ‐2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID ‐19 convalescent plasma donors
Annen, K., Morrison, T. E., DomBourian, M. G., McCarthy, M. K., Huey, L., Merkel, P. A., Andersen, G., Schwartz, E., & Knight, V. (2021) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/trf.16261 · Cited by 13
“Antibody strength and longevity seem to correlate with the severity of illness,(35) and while some studies indicate that antibody titers remain stable over time,(36) others suggest that antibody titers may quickly wane, and concerns for reinfection, particularly with mild or no symptoms, are not unwarranted.(32-34,37)…”
Background
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 N-Antibody Response in Healthcare Workers, London, UK
Shrotri, M., Harris, R., Rodger, A. J., Planche, T., Sanderson, F., Mahungu, T. W., McGregor, A. C., Heath, P. T., The LondonCOVID Group, Brown, C. S., et al. (2021) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2704.204554 · Cited by 13
“In contrast, the few studies conducting serial testing for >3 months by using N-antibody assays, particularly the Elecsys assay, report that titers remained steady (9) or increased (11; F.”
Result
SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody: Seroprevalence among health care workers
Prakash, O., Solanki, B., Sheth, J. K., Makwana, G., Kadam, M., Vyas, S., Shukla, A. A., Pethani, J., & Tiwari, H. (2021) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100766 · Cited by 14
Diagnostic accuracy of three SARS-CoV2 antibody detection assays, neutralizing effect and longevity of serum antibodies
Bubonja‐Šonje, M., Batičić, L., Abram, M., & Grbeša, Đ. C. (2021) · Journal of Virological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114173 · Cited by 14
Titers, Prevalence, and Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Local COVID-19 Outbreak and Following Vaccination
Hedges, J. F., Thompson, M. A., Snyder, D. T., Robison, A., Taylor, M. P., & Jutila, M. A. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9060587 · Cited by 14
Recurrent and persistent infection with SARS-CoV-2 – epidemiological data and case reports from Western Sweden, 2020
Ringlander, J., Olausson, J., Nyström, K., Härnqvist, T., Jakobsson, H. E., & Lindh, M. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1957143 · Cited by 14
“The reinfected patient had a lower viral load and milder symptoms during the second infection episode which suggests that she had developed an immune response sufficient to prevent serious disease [20,22].”
Background
Durable T-cellular and humoral responses in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized and community patients
Mohn, K. G.-I., Bredholt, G., Zhou, F., Madsen, A., Onyango, T. B., Fjelltveit, E. B., Lartey, S. L., Brokstad, K. A., Cantoni, D. M., Neto, M. M., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261979 · Cited by 16
“Age is the most important risk factor for severe disease and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection and may explain our findings of significantly higher antibody titers in patients with severe disease and with increasing age, in agreement with other studies [39, 40].”
ResultSelf-citation
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Associated with Uncontrolled HIV Viral Load in Non-Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients from Gugulethu, South Africa
Lambarey, H., Blumenthal, M. J., Chetram, A., Joyimbana, W., Jennings, L., Tincho, M. B., Burgers, W. A., Orrell, C., & Schäfer, G. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14061222 · Cited by 14
“Although IgM and IgA immune responses to RBD and S1 were specific to SARS-CoV-2 when compared to a pre-pandemic cohort (Figure S1A), IgG responses are known to persist longer and stay at relatively high levels post-illness onset, compared to IgA and IgM responses, which wane soon after they peak [24,25], making IgG th…”
Background
Antibody levels to SARS‐CoV ‐2 spike protein in mothers and children from delivery to six months later
Martin‐Vicente, M., Carrasco, I., Muñoz‐Gómez, M. J., Hernanz‐Lobo, A., Más, V., Vigil‐Vázquez, S., Vázquez, M., Manzanares, Á., Cano, O., Alonso, R., et al. (2022) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12667 · Cited by 13
Longitudinal analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence using multiple serology platforms
Carreño, J. M., Mendu, D. R., Simon, V. R., Shariff, M. A., Singh, G., Menon, V. P., & Krammer, F. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102937 · Cited by 12
Longitudinal analysis of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD in convalescent plasma donorsPreprint
Perreault, J., Tremblay, T., Fournier, M., Drouin, M., Beaudoin-Bussières, G., Prévost, J., Lewin, A., Bégin, P., Finzi, A., & Bazin, R. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.16.206847 · Cited by 12
COVID-19: The Pseudo-Environment and the Need for a Paradigm Change
Stein, R. A., Ometa, O., & Broker, T. R. (2021) · GERMS · doi:10.18683/germs.2021.1283 · Cited by 16
Comparison of 2 fully automated tests detecting antibodies against nucleocapsid N and spike S1/S2 proteins in COVID-19
Flinck, H., Rauhio, A., Luukinen, B. V., Lehtimäki, T. J., Haapala, A., Seiskari, T., & Aittoniemi, J. (2020) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115197 · Cited by 13
Antibody and T Cell Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Peptides in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients
Garanina, E. E., Hamza, S., Stott-Marshall, R. J., Martynova, E. V., Markelova, M., Davidyuk, Y. N., Shakirova, V. G., Kaushal, N., Baranwal, M., Хаертынова, И. М., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.842232 · Cited by 13
“Interestingly, convalescent serum reactivity with N protein was demonstrated in several studies (Brochot et al., 2020; Kang et al., 2021; Shah et al., 2021).”
Result
Machine-learning-aided multiplexed nanoplasmonic biosensor for COVID-19 population immunity profiling
Beisenova, A., Adi, W., Bashar, S. J., Velmurugan, M., Germanson, K. B., Shelef, M. A., & Yesilköy, F. (2023) · Sensors & Diagnostics · doi:10.1039/d3sd00081h · Cited by 14
Broad and potent neutralizing antibodies are elicited in vaccinated individuals following Delta/BA.1 breakthrough infection
Seow, J., Shalim, Z. A., Graham, C., Kimuda, S., Pillai, A., Lechmere, T., Kurshan, A., Khimji, A. M., Snell, L. B., Nebbia, G., et al. (2023) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01206-23 · Cited by 10
“1D) with the remaining mAbs specific for NTD. Neutralization activity of concentrated supernatant was determined using HIV-1 viral particles, pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-1 (WT) Spike (34).”
MethodSelf-citation
Transmission of COVID-19 in the presence of single-dose and double-dose vaccines with hesitancy: mathematical modeling and optimal control analysis
Wangari, I. M., Olaniyi, S., Lebelo, R. S., & Okosun, K. O. (2023) · Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics · doi:10.3389/fams.2023.1292443 · Cited by 14
Prognostic value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a systematic review
Mink, S., Reimann, P., & Fraunberger, P. (2024) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2023-1487 · Cited by 14
Long‐term dynamics of natural killer cells in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination: Persistently enhanced activity postvaccination
Mele, D., Ottolini, S., Lombardi, A., Conteianni, D., Bandera, A., Oliviero, B., Mantovani, S., Cassaniti, I., Baldanti, F., Gori, A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.29585 · Cited by 13
Recombinant OC43 SARS-CoV-2 spike replacement virus: An improved BSL-2 proxy virus for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays
Hu, Z., López-Muñoz, A. D., Košík, I., Li, T., Callahan, V., Brooks, K., Yee, D. S., Hollý, J., Santos, J. J. D. S., Brant, A. C., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2310421121 · Cited by 11
“For SARS - CoV - 2, it has been reported that antiviral IgA antibodies are produced prior to IgG antibodies and persist in sera and saliva of COVID - 19 patients for 40 d post onset of symptoms (30–33).”
Background
SARS-CoV-2 Consensus-Sequence and Matching Overlapping Peptides Design for COVID19 Immune Studies and Vaccine Development
Olvera, À., Noguera-Julián, M., Kilpeläinen, A., Romero-Martín, L., Prado, J. G., & Brander, C. (2020) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines8030444 · Cited by 14
Understanding the dynamics of COVID-19; implications for therapeutic intervention, vaccine development and movement control
Salvamani, S., Tan, H., Thang, W., Ter, H., Wan, M., Gunasekaran, B., & Rhodes, A. (2020) · British Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1080/09674845.2020.1826136 · Cited by 14
Antibody tests: They are more important than we thought
Guimarães, L. (2021) · Journal of Mathematical Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jmateco.2021.102485 · Cited by 13
Evaluation of commercially available immuno‐magnetic agglutination in comparison to enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for rapid point‐of‐care diagnostics of COVID‐19
Moeller, M. E., Fock, J., Pah, P., Veras, A. D. L. C., Bade, M., Donolato, M., Israelsen, S. B., Eugen‐Olsen, J., Benfield, T., & Engsig, F. N. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26854 · Cited by 13
“The median time for detection of antibodies for COVID‐ 19 is generally 11 days (IQR = 7.0 – 14.0) but several studies have shown that some individuals take longer to develop antibodies against COVID‐19.12,40,41 In general, the immune response decrease with age which may be the reason why POS 1, who was in his seventie…”
BackgroundInfluential
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines — the biggest medical research project of the 21st century
Kurup, D., & Schnell, M. J. (2021) · Current Opinion in Virology · doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2021.04.008 · Cited by 13
“The same study also indicated that antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S, RBD, and neutralizing antibodies declined moderately over eight months, raising concerns for long-term protection and herd immunity post-infection [11 ,12,13].”
A Multiplex Noninvasive Salivary Antibody Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Application in a Population-Based Survey by Mail
Egorov, A. I., Griffin, S. M., Fuzawa, M., Kobylanski, J., Grindstaff, R. D., Padgett, W. T., Simmons, S. O., Hallinger, D. R., Styles, J. N., Wickersham, L. C., et al. (2021) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00693-21 · Cited by 13
“This time interval was selected to maximize the proportion of IgG-seropositive individuals, based on previous research (12, 32, 33).”
Method
Convalescent Plasma for Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Ling, R. R., Sim, J. J. L., Tan, F. L., Tai, B. C., Syn, N. L. X., Sadasiv, M. S., Fan, B. E., Mitra, S., & Ramanathan, K. R. (2021) · Transfusion Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2021.09.001 · Cited by 13
“Beyond 8 days after symptom onset, nearly all patients with COVID-19 had neutralizing antibody responses [43] .”
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Ontario health care workers during and after the first wave of the pandemic: a cohort study
Science, M. E., Bolotin, S., Silverman, M. E., Nadarajah, J., Maguire, B. R., Parekh, R. S., McGeer, A., Schwartz, K. L., Alexander, L. E. C., Allen, U., et al. (2021) · CMAJ Open · doi:10.9778/cmajo.20210044 · Cited by 13
Neutralizing Antibody Response to Pseudotype Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Differs Between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines and by History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Tyner, H. L., Burgess, J. L., Grant, L., Gaglani, M., Kuntz, J. L., Naleway, A. L., Thornburg, N. J., Caban-Martinez, A. J., Yoon, S. K., Herring, M. K., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab1038 · Cited by 13
“Ac ce pte d M an us cri pt Unlike other studies which have observed a correlation between more severe SARSCoV-2 infection and higher antibody response [30-37], an association was not observed between febrile symptoms during infection, weeks of virus detection, or nasal viral RNA load and the development of nAb.”
Result
Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers Improves the Prediction Accuracy of COVID-19 Maximum Severity by Machine Learning in Non-Vaccinated Patients
Kurano, M., Ohmiya, H., Kishi, Y., Okada, J., Nakano, Y., Yokoyama, R., Qian, C., Xia, F., He, F., Zheng, L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.811952 · Cited by 13
“…made in a rather acute phase of the disease, that is, within 2 weeks from the onset of symptoms, in some studies (8 – 20), in others, they were made in the later phases of the disease (8 – 10, 13, 16 – 19, 21 – 32), at the time of admission to the hospital (33, 34), or at arbitrary times (35 – 37).”
Background
Production and Quality Assurance of Human Polyclonal Hyperimmune Immunoglobulins Against SARS-CoV-2
Burnouf, T., Gathof, B. S., Bloch, E. M., Bazin, R., Angelis, V. D., Patidar, G. K., Rastvorceva, R. M. G., Oreh, A. C., Goel, R., Rahimi‐Levene, N., et al. (2022) · Transfusion Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2022.06.001 · Cited by 13
The Four Ws of the Fourth Dose COVID-19 Vaccines: Why, Who, When and What
Khong, K.-W., Zhang, R., & Hung, I. F. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10111924 · Cited by 14
Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-COV-2 after vaccination with mRNA vaccines in PLWH with discordant immune response. Influence of the vaccine administered
López-Cortés, L. F., Saborido-Alconchel, A., Trujillo‐Rodríguez, M., Serna‐Gallego, A., Llaves-Flores, S., Muñoz‐Muela, E., Pérez-Santos, M. J., Lozano, C., Mejías-Trueba, M., Roca, C., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129753 · Cited by 12
Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in Humans and Animals
Kim, H., Seiler, P., Jones, J. C., Ridout, G., Camp, K. P., Fabrizio, T. P., Jeevan, T., Miller, L. A., Throm, R. E., Ferrara, F., et al. (2020) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines8040684 · Cited by 13
“This phenomenon has received much attention in the context of COVID-19, and some have suggested a short duration of responding antibodies [6,24,25].”
Background
Performance of the COVID19SEROSpeed IgM/IgG Rapid Test, an Immunochromatographic Assay for the Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Multicenter European Study
Plebani, M., Parčina, M., Bechri, I., Zehender, G., Terkeš, V., Hafith, B. A., Antinori, S., Pillet, S., Gonzalo, S., Hoerauf, A. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.02240-20 · Cited by 13
Essential considerations during vaccine design against COVID-19 and review of pioneering vaccine candidate platforms
Bayat, M., Asemani, Y., & Najafi, S. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107679 · Cited by 15
COVID-19 and Future Disease X in Circular Economy Transition: Redesigning Pandemic Preparedness to Prevent a Global Disaster
Possas, C. D. A., Marques, E. T. A., Risi, J. B., & Homma, A. (2021) · Circular Economy and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43615-021-00060-x · Cited by 13
Testing for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2
Gill, D., & Ponsford, M. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m4288 · Cited by 13
COVID-19 viral and serology testing in New York city health care workers
Racine-Brzostek, S. E., Yang, H. S., Chadburn, A., Orlander, D., An, A., Campion, T. R., Yee, J., Chen, Z., Loda, M., Zhao, Z., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqaa142 · Cited by 12
An Immunoproteomic Survey of the Antibody Landscape: Insights and Opportunities Revealed by Serological Repertoire Profiling
Ionov, S., & Lee, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.832533 · Cited by 12
Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among liver transplant recipients
Becchetti, C., Broekhoven, A. G. C., Dahlqvist, G., Fraga, M., Zambelli, M. F., Ciccarelli, O., Saouli, A.-C., Trizzino, A., Banz, V. M., Dufour, J., et al. (2022) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326609 · Cited by 12
SERS-based assay for multiplexed detection of cross-reactivity and persistence of antibodies against the spike of the native, P.1 and B.1.617.2 SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalised adults
Chisanga, M., Stuible, M., Gervais, C., L’Abbé, D., Cass, B., Bisson, L., Pelletier, A., Lord‐Dufour, S., Durocher, Y., Boudreau, D., et al. (2022) · Sensors & Diagnostics · doi:10.1039/d2sd00073c · Cited by 16
Kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection according to sex, age, and disease severity
Kim, Y., Bae, J., Kwon, K. T., Chang, H., Lee, W. K., Park, H., Kim, J., Choi, I., Park, M., & Kim, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17605-1 · Cited by 12
Multi-antigen serology and a diagnostic algorithm for the detection of arbovirus infections as novel tools for arbovirus preparedness in southeast Europe (MERMAIDS-ARBO): a prospective observational study
Kasbergen, L. M. R., de Bruin, E., Chandler, F. D., Sigfrid, L., Chan, X. H. S., Hookham, L., Wei, J., Chen, S., GeurtsvanKessel, C. H., Scherbeijn, S. M. J., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00654-6 · Cited by 12

Authors: Seow, J., Graham, C., Merrick, B., Acors, S., Pickering, S., Steel, K. J. A., Hemmings, O., O’Byrne, A., Kouphou, N., Galao, R. P., Betancor, G., Wilson, H. D., Signell, A. W., Winstone, H., Kerridge, C., Huettner, I., Jimenez-Guardeño, J. M., Lista, M. J., Temperton, N., Snell, L. B., Bisnauthsing, K., Moore, A., Green, A., Martinez, L., Stokes, B., Honey, J., Izquierdo-Barras, A., Arbane, G., Patel, A., Tan, M. K. I., O’Connell, L., O’Hara, G., MacMahon, E., Douthwaite, S., Nebbia, G., Batra, R., Martinez-Nunez, R., Shankar-Hari, M., Edgeworth, J. D., Neil, S. J. D., Malim, M. H., & Doores, K. J.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Guy's Hospital (GB)
Medway School of Pharmacy (GB)
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Corresponding author: Doores, Katie J.
ORCID: Seow, Jeffrey
Merrick, Blair
Acors, Sam
Pickering, Suzanne
Steel, Kathryn J. A.
Hemmings, Oliver
O’Byrne, Aoife
Kouphou, Neophytos
Galao, Rui Pedro
Betancor, Gilberto
Wilson, Harry D.
Signell, Adrian W.
Winstone, Helena
Jimenez-Guardeño, Jose M.
Temperton, Nigel
Snell, Luke B.
Bisnauthsing, Karen
Martinez, Lauren
Stokes, Brielle
Izquierdo-Barras, Alba
Patel, Amita
Tan, Mark Kia Ik
O’Connell, Lorcan
O’Hara, Geraldine
Douthwaite, Sam
Nebbia, Gaia
Batra, Rahul
Shankar-Hari, Manu
Edgeworth, Jonathan D.
Neil, Stuart J. D.
Malim, Michael H.
Doores, Katie J.
Venue: Nature Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-10-26
Volume: 5
Issue: 12
Pages: 1598-1607
ISSN: 2058-5276 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8
PMC: PMC7610833
OpenAlex: W3093667122
Cited by: 1,419
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 147 · 2022: 311 · 2021: 615 · 2020: 207
FWCI: 41.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Microbiology (publishedVersion)
medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (University of Málaga) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC/PC/15068, MR/N013700/1, MR/R015643/1, MC/PC/15068, MR/R015643/1, MR/S023747/1)
Huo Family Foundation
Wellcome Trust (WT098049AIA, MR/S023747/1, 106223/Z/14/Z)
Huo Family Foundation King’s Together Rapid COVID-19 Call award
DH | National Institute for Health Research (CS-2016-16-011)
King’s Together Rapid COVID-19 Call award Huo Family Foundation
Fondation Dormeur, Vaduz King’s Together Rapid COVID-19 Call award Huo Family Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, antibody waning, seroconversion, antibody kinetics, disease severity, infectious dose, reinfection protection, healthcare workers, booster vaccination, serological testing
MeSH terms: Seroconversion, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Viral, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing

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Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans

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