Cited by 241Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerCancer, Lipids, and MetabolismGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors

Hyperinsulinaemia in cancer

Gallagher, Emily J., LeRoith, Derek·2020·Nature Reviews Cancer

Abstract

Elevated circulating insulin levels are frequently observed in the setting of obesity and early type 2 diabetes, as a result of insensitivity of metabolic tissues to the effects of insulin. Higher levels of circulating insulin have been associated with increased cancer risk and progression in epidemiology studies. Elevated circulating insulin is believed to be a major factor linking obesity, diabetes and cancer. With the development of targeted cancer therapies, insulin signalling has emerged as a mechanism of therapeutic resistance. Although metabolic tissues become insensitive to insulin in the setting of obesity, a number of mechanisms allow cancer cells to maintain their ability to respond to insulin. Significant progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the insulin receptor and its signalling pathways in cancer, and a number of lessons have been learnt from therapeutic failures. These discoveries have led to numerous clinical trials that have aimed to reduce the levels of circulating insulin and to abrogate insulin signalling in cancer cells. With the rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes worldwide, and the realization that hyperinsulinaemia may contribute to therapeutic failures, it is essential to understand how insulin and insulin receptor signalling promote cancer progression.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41568-020-0295-5

Cites

199 of 199 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Hyperinsulinaemia can contribute to certain obesity complications or related diseases, including hormonal disorders related to sex hormones and cancer.

    “Hyperinsulinaemia, however, can contribute to certain obesity complications or related diseases, including hormonal disorders related to sex hormones and cancer (ie, mitogenic effect of insulin).98,99”

    From Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [99]

  • Obesity is associated with increased risk for 13 types of cancer that account for more than 40% of cancer diagnoses annually.

    “Obesity is associated with increased risk for 13 types of cancer that account for more than 40% of cancer diagnoses annually.99,133,134”

    From Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [99]

Cites

5 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 201 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gallagher, E. J., & LeRoith, D.
Affiliations
Tisch Cancer Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Gallagher, Emily J.
Venue
Nature Reviews Cancer
Published
2020-09-09
Volume
20
Issue
11
Pages
629-644
ISSN
  • 1474-175X (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1768
OpenAlex
W3084040947
Cited by
241
References
201
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 1
FWCI
2.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (K08CA190770)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Keywords
hyperinsulinemia, insulin receptor signaling, insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, tumor progression, cancer therapy resistance, insulin receptor, tumor growth
MeSH terms
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Neoplasms, Obesity, Receptor, Insulin, Signal Transduction, Antigens, CD, Comorbidity, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review