Mild gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term child health

Landon, Mark B.; Rice, Madeline Murguia; Varner, Michael W.; Casey, Brian M.; Reddy, Uma M.; Wapner, Ronald J.; Rouse, Dwight J.; Biggio, Joseph R.; Thorp, John M.; Chien, Edward K.; Saade, George; Peaceman, Alan M.; Blackwell, Sean C.; VanDorsten, J. Peter

doi:10.2337/dc14-2159

Cited by 248Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementBirth, Development, and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Mild gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term child health

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Landon, Mark B., Rice, Madeline Murguia, Varner, Michael W., Casey, Brian M., Reddy, Uma M., Wapner, Ronald J., Rouse, Dwight J., Biggio, Joseph R. +6 more·2015·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc14-2159PMC PMC4338507

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether treatment of mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) confers sustained offspring health benefits, including a lower frequency of obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Follow-up study of children (ages 5–10) of women enrolled in a multicenter trial of treatment versus no treatment of mild GDM. Height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were measured. RESULTS: Five hundred of 905 eligible offspring (55%) were enrolled. Maternal baseline characteristics were similar between the follow-up treated and untreated groups. The frequencies of BMI ≥95th (20.8% and 22.9%) and 85th (32.6% and 38.6%) percentiles were not significantly different in treated versus untreated offspring (P = 0.69 and P = 0.26). No associations were observed for BMI z score, log waist circumference, log triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, or log HOMA-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The effect of treatment was different by sex for fasting glucose and log HOMA-IR (P for interaction = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively) but not by age-group (5–6 and 7–10 years) for any outcomes. Female offspring of treated women had significantly lower fasting glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS: Although treatment for mild GDM has been associated with neonatal benefits, no reduction in childhood obesity or metabolic dysfunction in the offspring of treated women was found. However, only female offspring of women treated for mild GDM had lower fasting glucose.

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Follow-up of the children in both these studies at 4 to 5 and 7 years of age, respectively, failed to observe differences in limited indicators of child adiposity between children of mothers with treated GDM and those with untreated GDM.
“Follow-up of the children in both these studies at 4 to 5 (264-266) and 7 years of age (267), respectively, failed to observe differences in limited indicators of child adiposity between children of mothers with treated GDM and those with untreated GDM.”
From Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (2023) · cites this paper as [267]
Data are lacking on how treatment of mother's hyperglycemia in pregnancy affects her offspring's risk for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders.
“Data are lacking on how the treatment of mother ' s hyperglycemia in pregnancy affects her offspring ' s risk for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders (219,220).”
From 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [219]
Data are lacking on how the treatment of mother's hyperglycemia in pregnancy affects her offspring's risk for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders.
“Data are lacking on how the treatment of mother's hyperglycemia in pregnancy affects her offspring's risk for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders (201,202).”
From 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [201]
In studies of young children whose mothers had mild GDM, there was no difference in obesity rates between offspring of treated and untreated mothers.
“In studies of young children whose mothers had mild GDM, there was no difference in obesity rates in the offspring of treated mothers compared with untreated mothers.49”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [49]

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LB2: Mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment and long term child health
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Effect of Treatment of Mild Gestational Diabetes on Long-Term Maternal Outcomes
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Self-citation
Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Improves Short-Term Outcomes in Offspring
Parry, N., & Gillman, M. W. (2014) · MD Conference Express · doi:10.1177/155989771419017

Authors: Landon, M. B., Rice, M. M., Varner, M. W., Casey, B. M., Reddy, U. M., Wapner, R. J., Rouse, D. J., Biggio, J. R., Thorp, J. M., Chien, E. K., Saade, G., Peaceman, A. M., Blackwell, S. C., & VanDorsten, J. P.
Affiliations: The Ohio State University (US)
George Washington University (US)
University of Utah (US)
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US)
Columbia University (US)
Brown University (US)
University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
MetroHealth Medical Center (US)
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
Northwestern University (US)
Memorial Hermann (US)
Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author: Landon, Mark B.
ORCID: Rice, Madeline Murguia
Varner, Michael W.
Casey, Brian M.
Reddy, Uma M.
Wapner, Ronald J.
Rouse, Dwight J.
Biggio, Joseph R.
Thorp, John M.
Chien, Edward K.
Saade, George
Peaceman, Alan M.
Blackwell, Sean C.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2014-11-20
Volume: 38
Issue: 3
Pages: 445-452
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc14-2159
PMC: PMC4338507
OpenAlex: W2132211480
Semantic Scholar: 4c8867f5cbef597f99ca32c60aae3740308ebfb4
Cited by: 248
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 18.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.diabetesjournals.org/site/license (vor, 285 d)
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
UNC Libraries
Funders: the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD27915, HD36801, HD34208, HD34116, HD404)
the National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR001070, UL1TR000439)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, childhood obesity, offspring health, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, sex differences, body mass index, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure
MeSH terms: Adult, Body Weight, Child, Fasting, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Obesity, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Sex Factors, Triglycerides, Body Mass Index, Diabetes, Gestational, Waist Circumference

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Mild gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term child health

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