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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: an environmental sensor integrating immune responses in health and disease

Rothhammer, Veit, Quintana, Francisco J.·2019·Nature Reviews Immunology

DOI 10.1038/s41577-019-0125-8

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Abstract

The environment, diet, microbiota and body's metabolism shape complex biological processes in health and disease. However, our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in these processes is still limited. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that integrates environmental, dietary, microbial and metabolic cues to control complex transcriptional programmes in a ligand-specific, cell-type-specific and context-specific manner. In this Review, we summarize our current knowledge of AHR and the transcriptional programmes it controls in the immune system. Finally, we discuss the role of AHR in autoimmune and neoplastic diseases of the central nervous system, with a special focus on the gut immune system, the gut-brain axis and the therapeutic potential of targeting AHR in neurological disorders.

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Authors: Rothhammer, V., & Quintana, F. J.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Quintana, Francisco J.
ORCID: Rothhammer, Veit
Quintana, Francisco J.
Venue: Nature Reviews Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-02-04
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Pages: 184-197
ISSN: 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
1474-1741
DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0125-8
OpenAlex: W2911968308
Cited by: 1,197
References: 207
Citations by year: 2026: 148 · 2025: 189 · 2024: 179 · 2023: 192 · 2022: 173 · 2021: 160 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 37
FWCI: 11.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Keywords: aryl hydrocarbon receptor, environmental sensing, immune regulation, gut immune system, gut-brain axis, autoimmune disease, central nervous system tumors, transcriptional programs, microbiota, neurological disorders
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Brain, Diet, Environment, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Intestines, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Adaptive Immunity, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Microbiota

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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: an environmental sensor integrating immune responses in health and disease

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