Prime genome editing in rice and wheat
Abstract
Prime editors, which are CRISPR-Cas9 nickase (H840A)-reverse transcriptase fusions programmed with prime editing guide RNAs (pegRNAs), can edit bases in mammalian cells without donor DNA or double-strand breaks. We adapted prime editors for use in plants through codon, promoter, and editing-condition optimization. The resulting suite of plant prime editors enable point mutations, insertions and deletions in rice and wheat protoplasts. Regenerated prime-edited rice plants were obtained at frequencies of up to 21.8%.
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Prime editing allows for all types of desired base substitutions, small insertions up to 44 bp and deletions up to 88 bp at selected target sites with the use of CRISPR/Cas9 nickase-reverse transcriptase fusions.
“Prime editing allows for all types of desired base substitutions, small insertions up to 44 bp and deletions up to 88 bp at selected target sites with the use of CRSIPR/Cas9 nickase-reverse transcriptase fusions (Anzalone et al., 2019;Lin et al., 2020).”
From Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance (2023) · cites this paper as Lin et al., 2020
Plant prime-editing systems have been used in rice and wheat, but not in barley.
“Plant prime-editing systems have been used in rice and wheat, but not in barley (Lin et al., 2020;Xu et al., 2020).”
From Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance (2023) · cites this paper as Lin et al., 2020
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Genome editing with CRISPR–Cas nucleases, base editors, transposases and prime editors
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InfluentialSelf-citationApplications of CRISPR–Cas in agriculture and plant biotechnology
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InfluentialSelf-citationNanotechnology to advance CRISPR–Cas genetic engineering of plants
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Prime editing efficiently generates W542L and S621I double mutations in two ALS genes in maize
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“Excluding the data based on enriching strategies or that are unsuitable for comparison, a total of 164 prime-edited rice lines transformed with 39 prime editors targeting 11 endogenous rice genes were generated in these previous reports [2, 3, 5, 6, 8].”
MethodSelf-citationPredicting the efficiency of prime editing guide RNAs in human cells
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“…modulator (e.g. dCas9-SunTag and dCas9-TV system) have greatly expanded the scope and capabilities of genome editing in crops (Lowder et al., 2015; Piatek et al., 2015; Vazquez-Vilar et al., 2016; Li et al., 2017; Anzalone et al., 2019; Papikian et al., 2019; Lin et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPrecise genomic deletions using paired prime editing
Choi, J., Chen, W., Suiter, C. C., Lee, C., Chardon, F. M., Yang, W., Leith, A., Daza, R. M., Martin, B., & Shendure, J. (2021) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-021-01025-z · Cited by 253 · see citing works
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“The low editing efficiency of original prime editors severely limits the utility of prime editing 2,6,9 .”
Self-citationPrime editing for functional repair in patient-derived disease models
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“To date, prime editing has been applied to corn, rice, wheat, and tomato (Jiang et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2021a).”
BackgroundTargeted, efficient sequence insertion and replacement in rice
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Efficient generation of mouse models with the prime editing system
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“Furthermore, the editing ef fi ciency in mutant mice is equivalent to that in prime-edited plants 10 .”
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“While this work was prepared for publication, similar findings were reported in pants (Li et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020).”
ResultCRISPR-based genome editing through the lens of DNA repair
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“During the preparation and submission of this paper, four independent groups have reported successful plant prime editing at exogenous or endogenous targets by transiently or stably expressing PEs in rice and other plant species (Li et al., 2020b; Lin et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020b).”
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Self-citationPrime editing: advances and therapeutic applications
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“(5) Dissocation of prime editor (6) Flap competition (7) Flap excision and ligation (8) Target strand nick by a ngRNA (PE3) (9) Preferential repair of the NTS sequence (top strand) WT sequence”
Self-citationAdvantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement
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“, CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR–CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella 1 (Cpf1), base editing, and prime editing, were shown to be powerful tools for the successful modification of genome sequence in a precise and straightforward manner (Puchta et al., 1993; Wright et al., 2005; Christian et al., 2010; Butler et al., 2016; Tang…”
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Prime editing efficiency and fidelity are enhanced in the absence of mismatch repair
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“Due to its versatility, PE has been used in a wide variety of models, such as zebrafish (Petri et al., 2021), rice and wheat (Lin et al., 2020), mouse (Liu et al., 2020) and human stem cells (Sürün et al., 2020).”
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“Although it has been used successfully to edit plant genes, the editing efficiency is much lower in plants than in animals (Anzalone et al., 2019; Li HY et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodDual-AAV delivering split prime editor system for in vivo genome editing
Zhi, S., Chen, Y., Wu, G., Wen, J., Wu, J., Liu, Q., Li, Y., Kang, R., Hu, S., Wang, J., et al. (2022) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.07.011 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
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Self-citationProtoplast Regeneration and Its Use in New Plant Breeding Technologies
Reed, K. M., & Bargmann, B. O. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Genome Editing · doi:10.3389/fgeed.2021.734951 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Designing and executing prime editing experiments in mammalian cells
Doman, J. L., Sousa, A. A., Randolph, P. B., Chen, P. J., & Liu, D. R. (2022) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-022-00724-4 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationPrecision genome engineering in rice using prime editing system
Hua, K., Jiang, Y., Tao, X., & Zhu, J. (2020) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/pbi.13395 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“All rights reserved systems in rice and wheat were reported (Li et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020a; Xu et al., 2020b).”
BackgroundTALE and TALEN genome editing technologies
Becker, S., & Boch, J. (2021) · Gene and Genome Editing · doi:10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100007 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Versatile Nucleotides Substitution in Plant Using an Improved Prime Editing System
Xu, W., Zhang, C., Yang, Y., Zhao, S., Kang, G., He, X., Song, J., & Yang, J. (2020) · Molecular Plant · doi:10.1016/j.molp.2020.03.012 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Precise genome modification in tomato using an improved prime editing system
Lu, Y., Tian, Y., Shen, R., Yao, Q., Zhong, D., Zhang, X., & Zhu, J. (2020) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/pbi.13497 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“Several research groups have adopted this method for use in monocotyledonous plants, including rice andwheat (Butt et al., 2020; Hua et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020).”
MethodApplication of Gene Editing for Climate Change in Agriculture
Karavolias, N. G., Horner, W., Abugu, M. N., & Evanega, S. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.685801 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
CRISPR ribonucleoprotein-mediated genetic engineering in plants
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“Cas proteins can be further engineered to recruit effector protein domains in order to achieve base editing (Kim, 2018), prime editing (Li et al., 2020b; Butt et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020), epigenome editing (GallegoBartolomé et al.”
BackgroundA web tool for the design of prime-editing guide RNAs
Chow, R. D.-W., Chen, J., Shen, J., & Chen, S. (2020) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-020-00622-8 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
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Microbiome homeostasis on rice leaves is regulated by a precursor molecule of lignin biosynthesis
Su, P., Kang, H., Peng, Q., Wicaksono, W. A., Berg, G., Liu, Z., Ma, J., Zhang, D., Cernava, T., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44335-3 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“The transformation was performed using a rice transformation method 69 .”
MethodGenome Editing in Bacteria: CRISPR-Cas and Beyond
Arroyo-Olarte, R. D., Rodríguez, R. B., & Morales‐Ríos, E. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9040844 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“Prime-editing has been successfully applied in mice [87] and plants [88], but its feasibility for bacterial genome editing still needs to be explored.”
BackgroundLi, X., Zhou, L., Gao, B., Li, G., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wei, J., Han, W., Wang, Z., Li, J., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29339-9 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationConstruct design for CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing in plants
Hassan, M. M., Zhang, Y., Yuan, G., De, K., Chen, J., Muchero, W., Tuskan, G. A., Qi, Y., & Yang, X. (2021) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2021.06.015 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
An Outlook on Global Regulatory Landscape for Genome-Edited Crops
Ahmad, A., Munawar, N., Khan, Z., Qumsani, A. T., Khan, S. H., Jamil, A., Ashraf, S., Ghouri, M. Z., Aslam, S., Mubarik, M. S., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111753 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Li, X., Guo, T., Wang, J., Bekele, W. A., Sukumaran, S., Vanous, A. E., McNellie, J. P., Tibbs‐Cortes, L. E., Lopes, M. S., Lamkey, K. R., et al. (2021) · Molecular Plant · doi:10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.010 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Targeted mutagenesis in mouse cells and embryos using an enhanced prime editor
Park, S.-J., Jeong, T. Y., Shin, S. K., Yoon, D. E., Lim, S.-Y., Kim, S. P., Choi, J., Lee, H., Hong, J.-I., Ahn, J., et al. (2021) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-021-02389-w · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Efficient and versatile multiplex prime editing in hexaploid wheat
Ni, P., Zhao, Y., Zhou, X., Liu, Z., Huang, Z., Ni, Z., Sun, Q., & Zong, Y. (2023) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-023-02990-1 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“Some studies have reported driving pegRNA expression with enhanced promoters [21, 22], using dual pegRNAs [23], designing the pegRNA sequence based on melting-temperature preferences [23], and optimizing pegRNA by adding RNA motifs at the 3′ terminus of pegRNA to enhance its stability in rice and maize [24–27].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationGenome-wide specificity of prime editors in plants
Jin, S., Lin, Q., Luo, Y., Zhu, Z., Liu, G., Li, Y., Chen, K., Qiu, J., & Gao, C. (2021) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-021-00891-x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationCRISPR–Cas applications in agriculture and plant research
Tuncel, A., Pan, C., Clem, J. S., Liu, D., & Qi, Y. (2025) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-025-00834-3 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“However, it was recently used to knock up the expression of photosynthesis gene OsPBS1 to levels that could otherwise be achieved by transgenic overexpression 194 .”
InfluentialSelf-citationAhmad, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1133036 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“However, it took nine years from the discovery of ZFNs to the first ZFN-based plant genome editing due to the challenge of developing ZFNs with high sequence affinity and high off-target efficiency (Zetsche et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2016; Komor et al., 2016; Anzalone et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019; Lin et al., 2020;…”
BackgroundHeat stress in wheat: a global challenge to feed billions in the current era of the changing climate
Farhad, M., Kumar, U., Tomar, V., Bhati, P. K., Navaneetha Krishnan, J., Mustarin, K. E., Bárek, V., Brestič, M., & Hossain, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1203721 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Multiplex genome-editing technologies for revolutionizing plant biology and crop improvement
Abdelrahman, M., Wei, Z., Rohila, J. S., & Zhao, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.721203 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Genome editing for plant research and crop improvement
Zhan, X., Lu, Y., Zhu, J., & Botella, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Integrative Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/jipb.13063 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Xu, R., Liu, X., Li, J., Qin, R., & Wei, P. (2021) · Nature Plants · doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00942-w · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Tuning plant phenotypes by precise, graded downregulation of gene expression
Xue, C., Qiu, F., Wang, Y., Li, B., Zhao, K. T., Chen, K., & Gao, C. (2023) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-023-01707-w · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“By next-generation sequencing, we found that OsBRI1-T4 pegRNA, used together with the plant prime editor (PPE2) 27 , was the most effective in introducing uORF OsBRI1 (−99, 28 aa) (Extended Data Fig.”
MethodSelf-citationCRISPR/dCas9-Based Systems: Mechanisms and Applications in Plant Sciences
Karlson, C. K. S., Noor, S. N. M., Nolte, N., & Tan, B. C. (2021) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants10102055 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“[83] recently adapted prime editors to induce point mutations, insertions and deletions in rice.”
BackgroundPrime Editing in the model plant Physcomitrium patens and its potential in the tetraploid potato
Perroud, P., Guyon‐Debast, A., Veillet, F., Kermarrec, M.-P., Chauvin, L., Chauvin, J.-É., Gallois, J., & Nogué, F. (2021) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111162 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Biotechnological Advances to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops
Villalobos-López, M. Á., Arroyo-Becerra, A., Quintero-Jiménez, A., & Iturriaga, G. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231912053 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Biotechnological Exploration of Transformed Root Culture for Value-Added Products
Shi, M., Liao, P., Nile, S. H., et al. (2020) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.012 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
PE-Designer and PE-Analyzer: web-based design and analysis tools for CRISPR prime editing
Hwang, G., Jeong, Y. K., Habib, O., Hong, S.-A., Lim, K., Kim, J., & Bae, S. (2021) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkab319 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Enhancement of prime editing via xrRNA motif-joined pegRNA
Zhang, G., Liu, Y., Huang, S., Qu, S., Cheng, D., Yao, Y., Ji, Q., Wang, X., Huang, X., & Liu, J. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29507-x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“plasmids for PE2 and WT pegRNAs or different xr-pegRNAs targeting indicated (6) genomic loci for base conversions.”
BackgroundA haplotype-led approach to increase the precision of wheat breeding
Brinton, J., Ramirez-Gonzalez, R. H., Simmonds, J., Wingen, L. U., Orford, S., Griffiths, S., 10 Wheat Genome Project, Haberer, G., Spannagl, M., Walkowiak, S., et al. (2020) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01413-2 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Gasparini, K., Moreira, J. D. R., Peres, L. E. P., & Zsögön, A. (2021) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102006 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Bhat, M. A., Mir, R. A., Kumar, V., Shah, A. A., Zargar, S. M., Rahman, S., & Jan, A. T. (2021) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/ppl.13359 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Zheng, C., Liang, S., Liu, B., Liu, P., Kwan, S.-Y., Wolfe, S. A., & Xue, W. (2022) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.005 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Advances in Crop Breeding Through Precision Genome Editing
Nerkar, G., Devarumath, S., Purankar, M. V., Kumar, A., Valarmathi, R., Devarumath, R. M., & Appunu, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.880195 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
SpRY greatly expands the genome editing scope in rice with highly flexible PAM recognition
Xu, Z., Kuang, Y., Ren, B., Yan, D., Yan, F., Spetz, C., Sun, W., Wang, G., Zhou, X., & Zhou, H. (2021) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-020-02231-9 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Increasing the efficiency and precision of prime editing with guide RNA pairs
Zhuang, Y., Liu, J., Wu, H., Zhu, Q., Yan, Y., Meng, H., Chen, P. R., & Yi, C. (2021) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-021-00889-1 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in legume crops: Opportunities and challenges
Bhowmik, P., Konkin, D. J. F., Polowick, P. L., Hodgins, C. L., Subedi, M., Xiang, D., Yu, B., Patterson, N. A., Rajagopalan, N., Babic, V., et al. (2021) · Legume Science · doi:10.1002/leg3.96 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“This method enables a wide range of editing applications including insertions, deletions, and point mutations without double-stranded DNA breaks or donor DNA templates (Anzalone et al., 2019; Lin et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodPresent and future prospects for wheat improvement through genome editing and advanced technologies
Li, S., Zhang, C., Li, J., Yan, L., Wang, N., & Xia, L. (2021) · Plant Communications · doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100211 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“efficiencies at some target sites in rice are still lower, indicating that PE activity may not parallel Cas9 nuclease cleavage activity in plants, at least for the tested targets (Xu et al., 2020c; Li et al., 2020e; Lin et al., 2020).”
BackgroundGenome Editing Technologies for Rice Improvement: Progress, Prospects, and Safety Concerns
Zafar, K., Sedeek, K. E. M., Rao, G. S., Khan, M. Z., Amin, I. U., Kamel, R., Mukhtar, Z., Zafar, M., Mansoor, S., & Mahfouz, M. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Genome Editing · doi:10.3389/fgeed.2020.00005 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“The RT uses the pegRNA as a template to copy the desired edits into the genome (Anzalone et al., 2019; Lin et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodEngineered prime editors with PAM flexibility
Kweon, J., Yoon, J.-K., Jang, A.-H., Shin, H. R., See, J.-E., Jang, G., Kim, J., & Kim, Y. (2021) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.022 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Calvin–Benson cycle regulation is getting complex
Gurrieri, L., Fermani, S., Zaffagnini, M., Sparla, F., & Trost, P. (2021) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.008 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Targeted DNA insertion in plants
Dong, O. X., & Ronald, P. C. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2004834117 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Schenke, D., & Cai, D. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101478 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Also, this system has already been successfully applied in plants, such as rice and wheat (Lin et al., 2020), and will become a more versatile tool in resistance breeding than ‘‘simple’’ KO applications (Figure 2E).”
BackgroundGenome Editing for Resistance to Insect Pests: An Emerging Tool for Crop Improvement
Tyagi, S., Karthik, K., Saakre, M., Rathinam, M., Raman, V., Pattanayak, D., & Sreevathsa, R. (2020) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c01435 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
A versatile genetic engineering toolkit for E. coli based on CRISPR-prime editing
Tong, Y., Jørgensen, T. S., Whitford, C. M., Weber, T., & Lee, S. Y. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25541-3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Jiang, Y., Chai, Y., Qiao, D., Wang, J., Xin, C., Sun, W. Y., Cao, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Wang, X., et al. (2022) · Molecular Plant · doi:10.1016/j.molp.2022.09.006 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
A design optimized prime editor with expanded scope and capability in plants
Xu, W., Yang, Y., Yang, B., Krueger, C. J., Xiao, Q., Zhao, S., Zhang, L., Kang, G., Wang, F., Yi, H., et al. (2021) · Nature Plants · doi:10.1038/s41477-021-01043-4 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Advances in Delivery Mechanisms of CRISPR Gene-Editing Reagents in Plants
Laforest, L. C., & Nadakuduti, S. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Genome Editing · doi:10.3389/fgeed.2022.830178 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Gao, P., Lyu, Q., Ghanam, A. R., Lazzarotto, C. R., Newby, G. A., Zhang, W., Choi, M., Slivano, O. J., Holden, K., Walker, J. A., et al. (2021) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-021-02304-3 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationGupta, A., Liu, B., Chen, Q., & Yang, B. (2023) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/pbi.14049 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“The initial PE was less efficient and produced undesired insertion/deletion by-products, and editing efficiency varies widely across different species, cell types, loci and edit sequences (Lin et al ., 2020).”
Protoplasts: From Isolation to CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing Application
Yue, J.-J., Yuan, J.-L., Wu, F., Yuan, Y., Cheng, Q., Hsu, C., & Lin, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Genome Editing · doi:10.3389/fgeed.2021.717017 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
CRISPR-Based Genome Editing Tools: Insights into Technological Breakthroughs and Future Challenges
Mushtaq, M., Dar, A. A., Skalický, M., Tyagi, A., Bhagat, N., Basu, U., Bhat, B. A., Zaid, A., Ali, S., Dar, T. U. H., et al. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12060797 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Nadakuduti, S. S., & Enciso-Rodríguez, F. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.637159 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Prime editing has been implemented in cereal crops (Butt et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020) and is yet to be used in diverse plant species.”
BackgroundPrecise genome engineering in Drosophila using prime editing
Bosch, J. A., Birchak, G., & Perrimon, N. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2021996118 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
A Review on Advanced CRISPR-Based Genome-Editing Tools: Base Editing and Prime Editing
Sichani, A. S., Ranjbar, M., Baneshi, M., Zadeh, F. T., & Fallahi, J. (2022) · Molecular Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12033-022-00639-1 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“It is noteworthy to mention that due to the versatility of PE, it has been used in a wide variety of model organisms, such as rice and wheat [58, 59], zebrafish [71], flies [72], mouse embryos [73], post-natal mice [34, 35], human stem cells [74], and patient-derived organoids [75].”
BackgroundPrime editing using CRISPR-Cas12a and circular RNAs in human cells
Liang, R., He, Z., Zhao, K. T., Zhu, H., Hu, J., Liu, G., Gao, Q., Liu, M., Zhang, R., Qiu, J., et al. (2024) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-023-02095-x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“Although many reverse transcriptases have been used in prime editors, M-MLV RT is still the most efficient enzyme and is widely adopted 12,26 .”
Self-citationPlant base editing and prime editing: The current status and future perspectives
Li, J., Zhang, C., He, Y., Li, S., Yan, L., Li, Y., Zhu, Z., & Xia, L. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/jipb.13425 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Lin, Q., Zong, Y., Xue, C., Wang, S., Jin, S., Zhu, Z., Wang, Y., Anzalone, A. V., Raguram, A., Doman, J. L., Liu, D. R., & Gao, C.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gao, Caixia
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2020-03-16
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 582-585
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W3012016445
- Semantic Scholar
- 8cfc62e789552485d639d0542c1caaaf730db03d
- Cited by
- 873
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 105 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 175 · 2020: 86
- FWCI
- 44.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Human Genome Research Institute (RM1HG009490)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM118062)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U01AI142756)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB022376)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Keywords
- prime editing, CRISPR/Cas9 nickase, reverse transcriptase, pegRNA, plant genome editing, rice, wheat, protoplast transformation, point mutations, indels, codon optimization, promoter optimization, plant regeneration
- MeSH terms
- Gene Editing, Deoxyribonuclease I, Oryza, Triticum, Genome, Plant, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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