Single-cell transcriptomic landscape of the developing human spinal cord
Abstract
Understanding spinal cord assembly is essential to elucidate how motor behavior is controlled and how disorders arise. The human spinal cord is exquisitely organized, and this complex organization contributes to the diversity and intricacy of motor behavior and sensory processing. But how this complexity arises at the cellular level in the human spinal cord remains unknown. Here we transcriptomically profiled the midgestation human spinal cord with single-cell resolution and discovered remarkable heterogeneity across and within cell types. Glia displayed diversity related to positional identity along the dorso-ventral and rostro-caudal axes, while astrocytes with specialized transcriptional programs mapped into white and gray matter subtypes. Motor neurons clustered at this stage into groups suggestive of alpha and gamma neurons. We also integrated our data with multiple existing datasets of the developing human spinal cord spanning 22 weeks of gestation to investigate the cell diversity over time. Together with mapping of disease-related genes, this transcriptomic mapping of the developing human spinal cord opens new avenues for interrogating the cellular basis of motor control in humans and guides human stem cell-based models of disease.
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The cells projected on the UMAP space were annotated using canonical marker genes for neurons, progenitors, intermediate progenitors, astrocytes, other glial cells, and monocytes.
“The cells projected on the UMAP space were annotated using canonical marker genes for neurons, progenitors, intermediate progenitors, astrocytes, other glial cells, and monocytes (17, 84, 85).”
From Understanding monocyte-driven neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease using human cortical organoid microphysiological systems (2025) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Andersen, J., Thom, N., Shadrach, J. L., Chen, X., Onesto, M. M., Amin, N. D., Yoon, S.-J., Li, L., Greenleaf, W. J., Müller, F., Pașca, A. M., Kaltschmidt, J. A., & Pașca, S. P.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Saarland University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Pașca, Sergiu P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2023-04-24
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 902-914
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W4366823419
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13
- FWCI
- 5.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- single-cell transcriptomics, midgestation, motor neurons, astrocytes, glial heterogeneity, dorsal-ventral axis, rostrocaudal axis, cell type diversity, disease-related genes, motor control
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Motor Neurons, Neuroglia, Spinal Cord, Transcriptome, Gray Matter
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