Cognitive-Affective Neural Plasticity following Active-Controlled Mindfulness Intervention
Open accessAbstract
Mindfulness meditation is a set of attention-based, regulatory, and self-inquiry training regimes. Although the impact of mindfulness training (MT) on self-regulation is well established, the neural mechanisms supporting such plasticity are poorly understood. MT is thought to act through interoceptive salience and attentional control mechanisms, but until now conflicting evidence from behavioral and neural measures renders difficult distinguishing their respective roles. To resolve this question we conducted a fully randomized 6 week longitudinal trial of MT, explicitly controlling for cognitive and treatment effects with an active-control group. We measured behavioral metacognition and whole-brain blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals using functional MRI during an affective Stroop task before and after intervention in healthy human subjects. Although both groups improved significantly on a response-inhibition task, only the MT group showed reduced affective Stroop conflict. Moreover, the MT group displayed greater dorsolateral prefrontal cortex responses during executive processing, consistent with increased recruitment of top-down mechanisms to resolve conflict. In contrast, we did not observe overall group-by-time interactions on negative affect-related reaction times or BOLD responses. However, only participants with the greatest amount of MT practice showed improvements in response inhibition and increased recruitment of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and right anterior insula during negative valence processing. Our findings highlight the importance of active control in MT research, indicate unique neural mechanisms for progressive stages of mindfulness training, and suggest that optimal application of MT may differ depending on context, contrary to a one-size-fits-all approach.
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Similar findings of increased activation in neural areas related to tonic alertness have been observed in additional studies on Vipassana, Mindfulness, and Zen meditation.
“As reviewed by Britton et al. [25], similar findings of increased activation in neural areas related to tonic alertness have been observed in additional studies on Vipassana (e.g., [107, 108]), Mindfulness (e.g., [109]), and Zen meditation (e.g., [110, 111]).”
From The Influence of Buddhist Meditation Traditions on the Autonomic System and Attention (2015) · cites this paper as [107]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports increased DLPFC activity after mindfulness training and links it to top-down attention during task performance. It does not identify this activity as tonic alertness; the finding is specifically about executive processing during an affective Stroop task. This verdict concerns the mindfulness example attributed to this paper, not the separately cited Vipassana and Zen studies. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBuddhist meditation practices are associated with increased DLPFC activity during meditation and during tasks, and with larger frontal gray matter volumes.
“Buddhist meditation practices have been found to be associated with increased activity in the DLPFC, both during meditation45,65,76–79 and during tasks,67,70,80,81 as well as larger frontal gray matter volumes.66,82,83”
From Awakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness (2014) · cites this paper as [80]
Buddhist meditation practices are associated with increases in dACC activation during meditation and during tasks.
“Buddhist meditation practices have been found to be associated with increases in activation in the dACC both during meditation45,65,76,78,86 and during tasks.70,80,81,87–89”
From Awakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness (2014) · cites this paper as [80]
Mindfulness meditation is an intervention that has been shown to regulate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity.
“There are other interventions that have been shown to regulate DLPFC activity, such as mindfulness meditation1.”
From The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in acute and chronic pain (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
Healthy volunteers who followed meditation training for 6-8 weeks performed better on Stroop, Hayling, and response inhibition tasks than non-meditators.
“Compared to non-meditators, healthy volunteers who had followed a meditation training course for 6–8 weeks performed better on a Stroop task (Allen et al 2012, Moore & Malinowski 2009, Teper & Inzlicht 2013), the Hayling task (Heeren et al 2009), and response inhibition tasks (Sahdra et al 2011).”
From Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease (2018) · cites this paper as Allen et al 2012
In a longitudinal mindfulness training versus active control, greater dorsolateral PFC activation during emotional Stroop executive processing was detected.
“In a longitudinal mindfulness training versus active control, greater dorsolateral PFC activation during emotional Stroop executive processing was detected [22].”
From A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Greater amount of mindfulness practice predicted increased activation of bilateral dACC, right AI, and MPFC during implicit negative emotional processing.
“Nevertheless, the greater amount of mindfulness practice predicted increased activation of bilateral dACC, right AI, and MPFC during implicit negative emotional processing”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Allen et al., 2012
In an RCT comparing 6-week mindfulness training and active control, both groups improved significantly in a response inhibition task, but only the MBI group showed reduced emotional interference under an affective Stroop conflict resolution paradigm.
“Despite both groups improving significantly in a response inhibition task, only the MBI group showed reduced emotional interference under an affective Stroop conflict resolution paradigm (a task known to activate implicit emotion regulation processes).”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Allen et al., 2012
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“Studies have found meditators to be less distractible (Tang et al., 2007), even when distractions are emotional in nature (Allen et al., 2012).”
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“…the greater amount of mindfulness practice predicted increased activation of bilateral dACC, right AI, and MPFC during implicit negative emotional processing, suggesting both implicit and explicit emotion regulation plasticity as mechanisms underlying mindfulness training (Allen et al., 2012).”
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“Variants of this type of reading/listening training control program are increasingly used in the mindfulness training literature as active comparison treatments (Allen et al., 2012; Koole et al., 2009), and previous studies indicate that mindfulness and cognitiveanalytic modes of attention can be reliably distinguishe…”
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“…vs. Thinking, Affect Labeling vs. Gender labeling, Affect matching vs Face matching, and Reappraising emotions vs Reacting to emotional stimuli (Allen et al., 2012; Braden et al., 2016; Creswell, Way, Eisenberger, & Lieberman, 2007; Desbordes et al., 2012a; Doll, Holzel, Boucard, Wohlschlager,…”
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“Allen et al. provide initial evidence that mindfulness meditation alters neural processing to affective stimuli following a short-term intervention – participants who practiced longer had more insula activation during negative pictures in a whole-brain analysis (Allen et al., 2012).”
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Interoception and drug addiction
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“…have shown that degree of mindfulness training was related to more efficient pain processing (Zeidan et al., 2011), greater inhibitory control (Allen et al., 2012), greater interoceptive attention in anterior dysgranular insula as well as altered functional connectivity between posterior…”
BackgroundDiamond, A. D., & Ling, D. S. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199974467.003.0008 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Differentiating attention styles and regulatory aspects of self-reported interoceptive sensibility
Mehling, W. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0013 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Mindfulness meditation practice and executive functioning: Breaking down the benefit
Gallant, S. N. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.01.005 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
“As predicted, the majority of studies involving an inhibitory outcome measure showed enhanced performance at both a behavioural (Allen et al., 2012; Heeren et al., 2009; Moore & Malinowski, 2009; Sahdra et al., 2011; Teper & Inzlicht, 2013) and neural level (Allen et al., 2012; Teper & Inzlicht,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBasso, J. C., McHale, A., Ende, V., Oberlin, D. J., & Suzuki, W. A. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.023 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
“This increase in prefrontal cortex activation was also shown in novice meditators during an affective Stroop Task [63].”
Clayton, A. H., Goldstein, I., Kim, N. N., Althof, S. E., Faubion, S. S., Faught, B. M., Parish, S. J., Simon, J. A., Vignozzi, L., Christiansen, K., et al. (2018) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.11.002 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Garrison, K. A., Santoyo, J. F., Davis, J. H., Thornhill, T. A., Kerr, C. E., & Brewer, J. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00440 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of mindfulness and meditation: Evidence from neuroimaging studies
Marchand, W. R. (2014) · World Journal of Radiology · doi:10.4329/wjr.v6.i7.471 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
The meditative mind: a comprehensive meta-analysis of MRI studies.
Boccia, M., Piccardi, L., & Guariglia, P. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/419808 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“These studies adopted different paradigms (Table 1): the affective Stroop task [37], pain-related tasks [38–41], attentional paradigms [42–44], emotional provocation [45], andmeditation tasks [36, 46, 47].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTaren, A. A., Gianaros, P. J., Greco, C. M., Lindsay, E. K., Fairgrieve, A., Brown, K. W., Rosen, R. K., Ferris, J. L., Julson, E., Marsland, A. L., et al. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000466 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
“Although no studies have directly tested for dlPFC alterations after mindfulness training, there are studies showing that these executive functions are enhanced by mindfulness training (11,12,25).”
Whitfield, T. J., Barnhofer, T., Acabchuk, R. L., Cohen, A., Lee, M., Schlosser, M., Arenaza‐Urquijo, E. M., Böttcher, A., Britton, W. B., Coll‐Padrós, N., et al. (2021) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-021-09519-y · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease
Girotti, M., Adler, S. M., Bulin, S. E., Fucich, E. A., Paredes, D., & Morilak, D. A. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.004 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“…systemically or intra-OFC, produced deficits in reversal learning in naïve rats (Boulougouris et al 2008, Furr et al 2012), whereas the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB 242084 improved reversal learning in naïve rats (Alsio et al 2015, Boulougouris et al 2008, Boulougouris & Robbins 2010).”
BackgroundAinsworth, B., Eddershaw, R., Meron, D., Baldwin, D. S., & Garner, M. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.002 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Practice Is Protective: Mindfulness Training Promotes Cognitive Resilience in High-Stress Cohorts
Jha, A. P., Morrison, A. B., Parker, S. C., & Stanley, E. A. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0465-9 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“…that MT may strengthen such control processes, several prior studies have established that MT improves performance on measures of attention (e.g., Allen et al. 2012; Jensen et al. 2012; Jha et al. 2007; MacLean et al. 2010; Zanesco et al. 2013) and working memory (Jensen et al. 2012; Mrazek et…”
BackgroundResultMeditation, Mindfulness, and Attention: a Meta-analysis
Sumantry, D. M., & Stewart, K. E. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01593-w · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Studying the experience of meditation through Micro-phenomenology
Petitmengin, C., van Beek, M., Bitbol, M., Nissou, J.-M., & Roepstorff, A. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.10.009 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationPaller, K. A., Creery, J. D., Florczak, S. M., Weintraub, S., Mesulam, M.-M., Reber, P. J., Kiragu, J., Rooks, J., Safron, A., Morhardt, D., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317514545377 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Training brain networks and states
Tang, Y., & Posner, M. I. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.002 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Cásedas, L., Pirruccio, V., Vadillo, M. A., & Lupiáñez, J. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01279-4 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“A set of 16 studies was retained after full search procedure (Ainsworth et al. 2013; Allen et al. 2012; Greenberg et al. 2013; Josefsson et al. 2014; Mallya and Fiocco 2016; Mitchell et al. 2017; Moynihan et al. 2013; Mrazek et al. 2013; Prätzlich et al. 2016; Sahdra et al. 2011; Schoenberg et al. 2014; Tang et al. 20…”
BackgroundAwakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness
Britton, W. B., Lindahl, J. R., Cahn, B. R., Davis, J. H., & Goldman, R. E. (2014) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12279 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Lumma, A., Kok, B. E., & Singer, T. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.017 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“Finally including a control group was not feasible in the current study, however future studies could compare the effects of different types of meditation over a short-term training on cardiac variables by including an active-control group such as a reading control group that involves attentional, affective and cognit…”
BackgroundBurschka, J. M., Keune, P. M., Oy, U. H., Oschmann, P., & Kuhn, P. (2014) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-014-0165-4 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“Compatible with this assumption, recent findings suggest that the effect of mindfulness training on cognitive control and its underlying neural mechanisms is modulated by practice adherence [44].”
ResultDifferential benefits of mental training types for attention, compassion, and theory of mind
Trautwein, F.-M., Kanske, P., Böckler, A., & Singer, T. (2020) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104039 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“previous findings of improved attention after mindfulness-based interventions (Allen et al., 2012; Slagter et al., 2007; Tang et al., 2007).”
BackgroundEffect of integrated yoga on anxiety, depression & well being in normal pregnancy
Satyapriya, M., Nagarathna, R., Padmalatha, V., & Nagendra, H. R. (2013) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.06.003 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Mindfulness meditation increases default mode, salience, and central executive network connectivity
Bremer, B., Wu, Q., Álvarez, M. G. M., Hölzel, B. K., Wilhelm, M., Hell, E., Tavacioglu, E. E., Torske, A., & Koch, K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17325-6 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Lebares, C. C., Hershberger, A. O., Guvva, E. V., Desai, A., Mitchell, J., Shen, W., Reilly, L. M., Delucchi, K. L., O’Sullivan, P. S., Ascher, N. L., et al. (2018) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2018.2734 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Verhaeghen, P. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01532-1 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Prakash, R. S., Hussain, M. A., & Schirda, B. (2015) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0038544 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Zhang, J.-X., Liu, X.-H., Xie, X.-H., Zhao, D., Shan, M.-S., Zhang, X.-L., Kong, X.-M., & Cui, H. (2015) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2015.02.005 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Emerging Directions in Emotional Episodic Memory
Dolcos, F., Katsumi, Y., Weymar, M., Moore, M., Tsukiura, T., & Dolcos, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01867 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“…showing that mindfulness training, which has been associated with increased well-being, can impact the neural correlates of emotion processing (Allen et al., 2012; Desbordes et al., 2012) and increase the specificity of AMs in healthy (Heeren et al., 2009) and formerly depressed (Williams et…”
BackgroundLarson, M. J., Steffen, P. R., & Primosch, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00308 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“…MRI show that the ACC and prefrontal cortex (including dorsolateral and medial PFC) are significantly affected by meditation, with experienced meditators showing improved efficiency and response inhibition relating to these areas (Allen et al., 2012; Froeliger et al., 2012; Kozasa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundIm, S., Stavas, J., Lee, J., Mir, Z., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Caplovitz, G. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101972 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The developing brain in a multitasking world
Rothbart, M. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.006 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“These studies involved random assignment of participants to IBMT or a control group trained in conventional muscle relaxation (Allen et al., 2012; Tang et al., 2007, 2009, 2010; Tang, Rothbart, & Posner, 2012).”
Opialla, S., Lutz, J. G., Scherpiet, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., Holtforth, M. G., Herwig, U., & Brühl, A. B. (2014) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-014-0510-z · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Seminowicz, D. A., Burrowes, S. A. B., Kearson, A., Zhang, J., Krimmel, S. R., Samawi, L., Furman, A. J., Keaser, M. L., Gould, N. F., Magyari, T., et al. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001860 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Malinowski, P., Moore, A. W., Mead, B. R., & Gruber, T. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0482-8 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“A further difference to the study by Allen et al. (2012) was that the MT participants in their study engaged in additional practice aimed at developing empathy and compassion.”
InfluentialRosenkranz, M. A., Lutz, A., Perlman, D. M., Bachhuber, D. R. W., Schuyler, B. S., Maccoon, D., & Davidson, R. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.013 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hennessy, S., Sachs, M. E., Ilari, B. S., & Habibi, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01080 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Mindfulness training and the cultivation of secure, satisfying couple relationships.
Atkinson, B. J. (2013) · Couple and Family Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cfp0000002 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“…identified in neuroscientific studies of mindfulness, with 21 studies showing changes in the insula and/or ACC in response to mindfulness training (Allen et al., 2012; Brewer et al., 2011; Brown & Jones, 2010; Farb, Segal, & Anderson, 2013; Farb et al., 2007; Grant et al., 2010; Hanson et al.,…”
InfluentialEnhancing attention through training
Posner, M. I., Rothbart, M. K., & Tang, Y. (2015) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2014.12.008 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“These changes do not seem to be dependent upon specific aspects of IBMT as they have been reported with other mindfulness methods [39].”
ResultThe effects of gratitude expression on neural activity
Kini, P., Wong, Y. J., McInnis, S., Gabana, N. T., & Brown, J. W. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.040 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Executive control and felt concentrative engagement following intensive meditation training
Zanesco, A. P., King, B. G., MacLean, K. A., & Saron, C. D. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00566 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“…et al., 2011), recent longitudinal studies suggest that the ability to coordinate one’s attention and behavior in response to task demands may be improved through intensive practice of meditation (Jha et al., 2007; MacLean et al., 2010; Sahdra et al., 2011; Allen et al., 2012; Moore et al., 2012).”
Strawn, J. R., Cotton, S., Luberto, C. M., Patino, L. R., Stahl, L., Weber, W. A., Eliassen, J. C., Sears, R. W., & DelBello, M. P. (2016) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0054 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Noone, C., Bunting, B. P., & Hogan, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02043 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Studies employing the Stroop task have found better performance in experienced meditators than novices (Chan andWoollacott, 2007), after a 15 min mindfulness meditation (Wenk-Sormaz, 2005) and following a 6-weeks mindfulness training (Allen et al., 2012).”
MethodInfluentialMindfulness-based cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Lovas, D. A., & Schuman‐Olivier, Z. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.017 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Virtues, ecological momentary assessment/intervention and smartphone technology
Runyan, J., & Steinke, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00481 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“These improvements have been associated with increased activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (Allen et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMindful movement and skilled attention
Clark, D., Schumann, F., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00297 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“The effects of FA meditation are increasingly understood, as is the characterization of neural correlates (Lutz et al., 2007; Kerr et al., 2013; Goyal et al., 2014; Lippelt et al., 2014), though there is a clear need for additional randomized trials (Allen et al., 2012).”
BackgroundYakobi, O., Smilek, D., & Danckert, J. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10177-2 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mindfulness‐of‐breathing exercise modulates EEG alpha activity during cognitive performance
Bing‐Canar, H., Pizzuto, J., & Compton, R. J. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12678 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Paap, K. R., Anders-Jefferson, R. T., Zimiga, B. M., Mason, L., & Mikulinsky, R. (2020) · Cognitive Research Principles and Implications · doi:10.1186/s41235-020-0207-y · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Neuroimaging for psychotherapy research: current trends.
Weingarten, C. P., & Strauman, T. J. (2015) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2014.883088 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Another study of 6 weeks of MT in healthy participants showed that training led to increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during a Stroop task (Allen et al., 2012).”
BackgroundBrief mindfulness induction reduces inattentional blindness
Schofield, T. P., Creswell, J. D., & Denson, T. F. (2015) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.08.007 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Nien, J., Wu, C., Yang, K.-T., Cho, Y.-M., Chu, C., Chang, Y., & Zhou, C. (2020) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2020/8213710 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Psychobehavioral therapy for epilepsy
Tang, V., Michaelis, R., & Kwan, P. (2014) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.12.004 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Collaboration across sites is important to improve recruitment and enhance generalizability [89].”
The Influence of Buddhist Meditation Traditions on the Autonomic System and Attention
Amihai, I., & Kozhevnikov, M. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/731579 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Brain activity in mindfulness depends on experience: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies
Falcone, G., & Jerram, M. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0884-5 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hogan, M., Dwyer, C. P., Harney, O., Noone, C., & Conway, R. J. (2014) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11062-2_4 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Rosenkranz, M. A., Dunne, J. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.022 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Treatment approaches for interoceptive dysfunctions in drug addiction
Paulus, M. P., Stewart, J. L., & Haase, L. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00137 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Others have shown that degree of mindfulness training was related to more efficient pain processing (93), greater inhibitory control (95), greater interoceptive attention in anterior dysgranular insula, as well as altered functional connectivity between posterior insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (96).”
BackgroundCarim-Todd, L., Mitchell, S. H., & Oken, B. S. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.014 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“It is known that mind-body interventions increase top-down cognitive control, awareness of automaticity, cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation, and the capacity to reorient attention (Allen et al.,2012), in addition to reducing cue-reactivity and conditioned responses (Garland et al., 2010).”
BackgroundKral, T. R. A., Davis, K. E., Korponay, C. H., Hirshberg, M. J., Hoel, R., Tello, L. Y., Goldman, R. I., Rosenkranz, M. A., Antoine Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abk3316 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Role of Heart Rate Variability in Mindfulness-Based Pain Relief
Adler-Neal, A. L., Waugh, C. E., Garland, E. L., Shaltout, H. A., Diz, D. I., & Zeidan, F. Z. (2019) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2019.07.003 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“HF HRV is associated with higher cognitive control,(86,87) an outcome that is enhanced by mindfulness training.(1,37,83,134) Thus, the primary hypothesis was explicitly powered to test if pain relief is more strongly associated with HF HRV during mindfulness meditation than during shammindfulness meditation (Hypothesi…”
BackgroundYoshida, K., Takeda, K., Kasai, T., Makinae, S., Murakami, Y., Hasegawa, A., & Sakai, S. (2020) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa020 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“In a previous longitudinal study, the right dlPFC was activated during the affect Stroop task after a 6-week mindfulness meditation training with active controls (Allen et al., 2012).”
MethodMeditation, Health and Scientific Investigations: Review of the Literature
Sampaio, C. V. S., Lima, M. G., & Ladeia, A. M. T. (2016) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-016-0211-1 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Mercado, D., Robinson, L., Gordon, G., Werthmann, J., Campbell, I. C., & Schmidt, U. H. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105464 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Kirk, U., Brown, K. W., & Downar, J. H. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu112 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“…the effects of mindfulness meditation training to well-matched active control training, such as relaxation (Kirk et al., 2014) or listening comprehension (Allen et al., 2012), will provide more conclusive causal evidence on the role of mindfulness training in altering neural responses to reward.”
A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy
Tang, Y.-Y., & Leve, L. D. (2016) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0360-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“In a longitudinal mindfulness training versus active control, greater dorsolateral PFC activation during emotional Stroop executive processing was detected [22].”
An eye-tracking study of attention to brand-identifying content and recall of taboo advertising
Myers, S. D., Deitz, G. D., Huhmann, B. A., Jha, S., & Tatara, J. H. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.08.009 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Quaglia, J. T., Zeidan, F., Grossenbacher, P., Freeman, S. P., Braun, S., Martelli, A. M., Goodman, R. J., & Brown, K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219862 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Fam, J., Sun, Y., Qi, P., Lau, R. C., Feng, L., Kua, E. H., & Mahendran, R. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12972 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Caumo, W., Alves, R. L., Serrano, P. V., Alves, C. F. D. S., Ramalho, L., Sanches, P. R. S., Silva, D. P., Torres, I. L. D. S., & Fregni, F. (2021) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.11.002 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Biobehavioral Mechanisms of Mindfulness as a Treatment for Chronic Stress: An RDoC Perspective
Garland, E. L., Hanley, A. W., Baker, A. K., & Howard, M. O. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017711912 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“In partial support of this contention, mindfulness training has been shown to improve inhibitory control in the face of processing negative emotional information.(57) Hypothetically, such enhanced inhibitory control over perseverative cognition may then free cognitive resources to fuel more adaptive forms of cognitive…”
BackgroundThe contemporary mindfulness movement and the question of nonself
Samuel, G. B. (2014) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461514562061 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
der Gucht, K. V., Ahmadoun, S., Melis, M., de Cloe, E., Sleurs, C., Radwan, A., Blommaert, J., Takano, K., Vandenbulcke, M., Wildiers, H. P. M. W., et al. (2020) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.33074 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kirk, U., Gu, X., Harvey, A. H., Fonagy, P., & Montague, P. R. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.035 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Mindfulness research has demonstrated thatMT seems to act through interoceptive mechanisms (Allen et al., 2012; Farb et al., 2007, 2010, 2013; Kirk et al., 2011b; Lutz et al., 2008; Zeidan et al., 2011).”
(2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Attention: Current State-of-Affairs and Future Considerations
Prakash, R. S., Fountain‐Zaragoza, S., Kramer, A. F., Samimy, S., & Wegman, J. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-019-00144-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depressive Disorders
Lee, S., & Cho, S. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_16 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Whelan, A., & Johnson, M. I. (2018) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2017-0068 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Shomaker, L. B., Berman, Z., Burke, M., Annameier, S. K., Pivarunas, B., Sánchez, N., Smith, A. D., Hendrich, S. G., Riggs, N. R., Legget, K. T., et al. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.022 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The effect of a brief mindfulness induction on processing of emotional images: an ERP study
Eddy, M. D., Brunyé, T. T., Tower-Richardi, S. M., Mahoney, C. R., & Taylor, H. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01391 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Mindfulness training has also been associated with reduced affective Stroop conflict, with those receiving mindfulness training having more dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during conflict resolution (Allen et al., 2012).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Mindfulness Training on Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control
Li, Y., Liu, F., Zhang, Q., Liu, X., & Wei, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01002 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Vago, D. R., Gupta, R. S., & Lazar, S. W. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.015 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Andreu, C. I., Cosmelli, D., Slagter, H. A., & Franken, I. H. A. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191661 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Indeed, several studies have found effects of longer mindfulness interventions on Stroop measures [45, 47, 62].”
BackgroundDispositional mindfulness is associated with reduced implicit learning
Stillman, C., Feldman, H., Wambach, C. G., Howard, J. H., & Howard, D. V. (2014) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.07.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Chesin, M. S., Sönmez, C. C., Benjamin-Phillips, C. A., Beeler, B., Brodsky, B. S., & Stanley, B. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0405-8 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Conscience and consciousness: a definition.
Vithoulkas, G., & Muresanu, D. F. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 46 · see citing works
- Authors
- Allen, M., Dietz, M., Blair, K. S., van Beek, M., Rees, G., Vestergaard-Poulsen, P., Lutz, A., & Roepstorff, A.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-10-31
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 44
- Pages
- 15601-15610
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC4569704
- OpenAlex
- W2087111889
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 26.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (091593, 082334)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (P01AT004952)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, neuroplasticity, active control, response inhibition, attentional control, metacognition, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, self-regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Attention, Awareness, Cognition, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuronal Plasticity, Oxygen, Patient Compliance, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Relaxation Therapy, Meditation, Young Adult, Stroop Test
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