Patterns of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Children: A Crowdsourced Population Study
Open accessAbstract
Oral microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with various local and systemic human diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Bacterial composition may be affected by age, oral health, diet, and geography, although information about the natural variation found in the general public is still lacking. In this study, citizen-scientists used a crowdsourcing model to obtain oral bacterial composition data from guests at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science to determine if previously suspected oral microbiome associations with an individual’s demographics, lifestyle, and/or genetics are robust and generalizable enough to be detected within a general population. Consistent with past research, we found bacterial composition to be more diverse in youth microbiomes when compared to adults. Adult oral microbiomes were predominantly impacted by oral health habits, while youth microbiomes were impacted by biological sex and weight status. The oral pathogen Treponema was detected more commonly in adults without recent dentist visits and in obese youth. Additionally, oral microbiomes from participants of the same family were more similar to each other than to oral microbiomes from non-related individuals. These results suggest that previously reported oral microbiome associations are observable in a human population containing the natural variation commonly found in the general public. Furthermore, these results support the use of crowdsourced data as a valid methodology to obtain community-based microbiome data.
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A 2020 study of crowd-sourced oral microbial swabs, taken from a large sample representative of the general population, showed that bacterial diversity of oral microbiomes seems to decline with age.
“A 2020 study of crowd‐sourced oral microbial swabs, taken from a large sample representative of the general population, showed that bacterial diversity of oral microbiomes seems to decline with age,133”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [133]
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The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease
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- Authors
- Burcham, Z. M., Garneau, N. L., Comstock, S. S., Tucker, R. M., Knight, R., Metcalf, J. L., Scientists, G. O. T. L. C., Miranda, A., Reinhart, B., Meyers, D., Woltkamp, D., Boxer, E., Hutchens, J., Kim, K., Archer, M., McAteer, M., Huss, P., Defonseka, R., Stahle, S., Babu, S., Nuessle, T., Schowinsky, V., Covert, W., Truman, W., & Reusser, W.
- Affiliations
- Colorado State University (US)
- Denver Museum of Nature and Science (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Metcalf, Jessica L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2020-02-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2133-2133
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7005749
- OpenAlex
- W3004492427
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 21.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Gen Foundation
- AgBioResearch, Michigan State University
- Denver Museum of Nature & Science Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Keywords
- oral microbiota, dysbiosis, age differences, children and adolescents, oral health behavior, sex differences, obesity, Treponema, citizen science
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Bacteria, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Dental Caries, Diet, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Mouth, Obesity, Periodontal Diseases, Biodiversity, Young Adult, Crowdsourcing, Microbiota, Dysbiosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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