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Cited by 1,691Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchGut microbiota and healthPeriodontal Regeneration and Treatments

Periodontal microbial ecology

Open access
Socransky, Sigmund S., Haffajee, Anne D.·2005·Periodontology 2000
DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x
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Abstract

The authors have taken the liberty of presenting this manuscript in two parts.The first is a brief ÔprimerÕ on microbial ecology, because, although the importance of microbial ecology in periodontal diseases is widely recognized, most of us do not know precisely what is meant by the term.The second section is a rather extensive overview of current studies of oral microbial ecology based almost entirely on recent in vivo studies.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x

Cites

190 of 190 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The parent material dental plaque is estimated to contain >200,000,000 microbial cells per milligram.

    “its parent material, dental plaque, is estimated to contain >200,000,000 microbial cells per milligram (Socransky and Haffajee, 2005)”

    From Successful enrichment and recovery of whole mitochondrial genomes from ancient human dental calculus (2016) · cites this paper as Socransky and Haffajee, 2005

    The section “The first component: microbial composition of subgingival biofilms” gives an average of 2.1 × 10⁸ organisms per milligram, which exceeds 200,000,000. It specifies subgingival plaque and milligrams of wet weight; the citing sentence presents the estimate for dental plaque without those qualifiers. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Poor periodontal habits lead to a buildup of biofilm that fosters the growth of microorganisms, triggering prolonged inflammation and contributing to surrounding tissue damage.

    “Poor periodontal habits (i.e., brushing, flossing) lead to a buildup of biofilm that fosters the growth of microorganisms, triggering prolonged inflammation and contributing to surrounding tissue damage [4].”

    From What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer’s disease? (2025) · cites this paper as [4]

    The Subgingival biofilm development section (page unavailable) reports rapid plaque regrowth in the absence of oral hygiene, and Microbial succession (page unavailable) describes a proposed cycle in which microbial changes promote gingivitis and further bacterial proliferation. The Microbial composition of biofilms in periodontal health and disease section (page unavailable) says colonizing species might cause inflammation and periodontal tissue loss, but does not establish that poor brushing or flossing specifically causes prolonged inflammation and tissue damage. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Periodontal disease, commonly characterized by gum damage and potential tooth loss, is caused by infection of periodontal bacteria, which consist of up to 700 different species including Porphyromonas gingivalis.

    “Periodontal disease, commonly characterized by gum damage and potential tooth loss, is caused by infection of periodontal bacteria, which consist of up to 700 different species including Porphyromonas gingivalis [4].”

    From What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer’s disease? (2025) · cites this paper as [4]

    The paper’s “Microbial composition of biofilms in periodontal health and disease” section reports that P. gingivalis is more frequently detected, and present at higher levels, in people with periodontitis. But “Species abundance” estimates approximately 500 species in subgingival biofilms, not 700. The cited passages do not establish tooth loss or the sentence’s unqualified claim that bacterial infection causes periodontal disease. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Alexander M. Microbial Ecology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1971.
  2. Ludwig JA, Reynolds JF. Statistical Ecology. New York: John Wiley and Son, 1988.

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Authors
Socransky, S. S., & Haffajee, A. D.
Affiliations
The Forsyth Institute (US)
Venue
Periodontology 2000
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2005-04-21
Volume
38
Issue
1
Pages
135-187
ISSN
  • 0906-6713 (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-0757
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x
OpenAlex
W2045264957
Cited by
1,691
References
190
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 106 · 2014: 89 · 2013: 112 · 2012: 79
FWCI
8.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Periodontology 2000 (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01de013232-03)
  • National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE12861, DE 12108, DE-10977, R01DE012108, P01DE012861, R37DE010977, DE-13232)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Keywords
oral microbiota, periodontal disease, microbial ecology, in vivo evaluation, oral microorganisms
MeSH terms
Dental Plaque, Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Humans, Mouth, Obesity, Periodontitis, Saliva, Smoking, Ecosystem, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Biofilms

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