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The oral microbiome – an update for oral healthcare professionals
Open accessAbstract
For millions of years, our resident microbes have coevolved and coexisted with us in a mostly harmonious symbiotic relationship. We are not distinct entities from our microbiome, but together we form a 'superorganism' or holobiont, with the microbiome playing a significant role in our physiology and health. The mouth houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, harbouring over 700 species of bacteria that colonise the hard surfaces of teeth and the soft tissues of the oral mucosa. Through recent advances in technology, we have started to unravel the complexities of the oral microbiome and gained new insights into its role during both health and disease. Perturbations of the oral microbiome through modern-day lifestyles can have detrimental consequences for our general and oral health. In dysbiosis, the finely-tuned equilibrium of the oral ecosystem is disrupted, allowing disease-promoting bacteria to manifest and cause conditions such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. For practitioners and patients alike, promoting a balanced microbiome is therefore important to effectively maintain or restore oral health. This article aims to give an update on our current knowledge of the oral microbiome in health and disease and to discuss implications for modern-day oral healthcare.
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“Accumulation of subgingival biofilms initiates development of clinical signs of gingivitis”
From The dental plaque biofilm matrix (2021) · cites this paper as [278]
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“Thus, the abundance covariations observed in both stomatotypes may partly reflect the underlying diversity of biofilm succession stages comprised in our samples and would support the main axis of previously observed core community changes in dental plaque.”
From Citizen science charts two major “stomatotypes” in the oral microbiome of adolescents and reveals links with habits and drinking water composition (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
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“As a result of complex interactions between subgingival biofilms and the host immune response, gingivitis can further develop to periodontitis with concomitant loss of periodontal supportive tissues (Figure 7B).239,278,279”
From The dental plaque biofilm matrix (2021) · cites this paper as [278]
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“Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiosis of dental biofilms (Baker et al., 2023; Kilian et al., 2016; Kinane et al., 2017).”
From Enhanced control of periodontitis by an artificial intelligence‐enabled multimodal‐sensing toothbrush and targeted mHealth micromessages: A randomized trial (2024) · cites this paper as Kilian et al., 2016
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“These early successional dynamics contribute to maturation of mucosal immunity and stabilisation of ecological net works; conversely, disruptions have been associated with elevated risks of dental caries and other adverse outcomes later in life [1–3].”
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“There are more than 700 bacterial species present in the mouth [54].”
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“Oral dysbiosis is best understood as a disturbance in community organization and ecological balance rather than the presence or absence of a single microorganism [9–11].”
Exploring the Oral Resistome: From Metagenomics to Precision Oral Health
Correia, L. N., Correia, A., & Bessa, L. J. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14092033
“The oral microbiota not only maintains local tissue homeostasis but also serves as a reservoir for ARGs that can disseminate both locally and systemically, with the oral cavity acting as a hotspot for the exchange of resistance-conferring mobile genetic elements [32,36,37].”
Cannon, M. L., Peldyak, J., Reynolds, P. R., & Ferrer, G. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14091913
Garcia, A., Baca, P., Abellán, A., Arias‐Moliz, M. T., & Valderrama, P. (2026) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics15090839
“Under normal conditions, it acts as a natural barrier that prevents pathogen growth and maintains dynamic homeostasis [2,3].”
Oral dysbiosis in children with renal failure: a systematic review
Ruiz-Roca, J. A., Pecci-Lloret, M. P., Romano, A., Carinci, F., Lauritano, D., Pérez-Guzmán, N., & Lucchese, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Dental Medicine · doi:10.3389/fdmed.2026.1832651
“…generates ammonium and thus promotes relative pH alkalisation, with the potential to modify the local microbial ecology (9, 29, 30), favour more persistent biofilms and a transition towards oral dysbiosis (26, 27) as described in our results and so well defined by Sergeevna Morozova et al. (23).”
Perozzo, F., Foroutan, A., & Patel, N. (2026) · FACE · doi:10.1177/27325016261478651
Lynch, J., Bradshaw, D., Streich, R., Howlin, R., Pavitt, S. H., & Do, T. (2026) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2026.2717773
“A balanced oral microbiome contributes to pathogenic colonisation resistance, preventing dysbiotic shifts associated with disease [6].”
InfluentialPotter, J., Edwards, B., Extence, H., Chadha, A., Beale, V., Eckhardt, C. E., Collard, M., & Fell, M. (2026) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/10556656261476201
Does permanent tooth eruption introduce periodontal pathogens? A preliminary study.
Fong, S., Boyer, E., Marie-Cousin, A., Gall-David, S. L., Sixou, J., Bonnaure-Mallet, M., Desclos-Theveniau, M., & Meuric, V. (2026) · Odontology : official journal of The Society of the Nippon Dental University · doi:10.1007/s10266-026-01515-z
Self-citationHao, Y., Huang, Y., Cai, H., Chen, R.-N., Liang, X., & Huang, X.-J. (2026) · International Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.identj.2026.109787
Babiceanu, L., Ansari, T., Small, M., & Perelman, S. (2026) · E -journal of dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106951
Bereteu-Costa, A.-D., Pallag, A., Cicalău, G. I. P., Ganea, M., Pașca, M. B., Morar, M., & Ciavoi, G. (2026) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants15152396
Role of Oral–Lung Infection Axis on Respiratory Health
Ünlü, Ö., Demırci, M., & Kantarcı, A. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14081817 · Cited by 1
“The oral environment, far from being a separate anatomical compartment, sustains a complex symbiotic equilibrium that has significant, far-reaching regulatory impacts on extra-oral organ systems [1–4].”
Causal Relationships Between Oral Microbiota and Inflammatory Skin Diseases
Zhang, X., Rao, M., Wu, H.-B., & Liu, B.-W. (2026) · International Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.identj.2026.109761
“58 In contrast, high-sugar or high-fat diets, along with repeated antibiotic exposure, can further compromise the stability of the oral microecology.”
Mengoli, M., Boccia, F., Barone, M., Mele, F., Bertolino, L., Ratta, E. D., Feo, M. D., Durante‐Mangoni, E., Turroni, S., Brigidi, P., et al. (2026) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01908-25
“These are often associated with increased mucosal permeability, allowing the translocation of microorganisms and/or their components and prompting systemic effects (10–12).”
Sarasuadi, C.-B., Leticia, R.-B. N., Carmina, G.-R. S., Alberto, M.-L. R., González-Pedroza, M., Roberto, B.-E. J., & Solís, C. (2026) · Clinical and Experimental Dental Research · doi:10.1002/cre2.70410
“…bacteria has been identified as the primary cause of endodontic failure owing to its resistance to disinfectants, its ability to form biofilms, and its persistence in regions beyond the reach of chemo‐mechanical root canal debridement (Kilian et al. 2016; Van'T Hof et al. 2014; Cruz et al. 2017).”
Metagenomic analysis of tongue samples from healthy subjects identifies distinct microbiome orotypes
Al-Maweri, S., Ba-Hattab, R., Alomairi, A., Syed, A., Azouni, K. G., Batta, N., Almeer, F., Assad, R., Al-Mansoori, A., Eltai, N. O., et al. (2026) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2026.2687934
“It comprises bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi and protozoa, with more than 700 bacterial species identified to date [1,2].”
From mouth to mind: Investigating oral microbial contributions to autism spectrum disorder
Burch, K., Sahyoun, A. M., Abutineh, S., Munkhsaikhan, U., Alipour, M., Zahran, G. E. D., Ait‐Aissa, K., Wang, Q., Samy, S., Kassan, A., et al. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106702
Burlui, V., Ichim, D. L., Tomiţa, D. I., Visternicu, M., Ciobica, A., & Gheban, M. D. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62071365
“Thus, the oral cavity is not only a site of microbial colonization but also a center for the transmission of biological signals that influence the health and balance of the entire organism [13].”
Dysbiosis of oral bacteriome and mycobiome associated with the severity of heart failure
Li, H.-Y., Wu, Q.-Y., Wang, Z.-Y., Hu, X.-M., & Zhang, S.-Y. (2026) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-026-08977-1
“The oral cavity is a highly structured microbial ecosystem where early colonizers, fermentative bacteria, nitrate-reducing organisms, and fungi interact within multispecies bio-films on tooth surfaces and mucosal niches [18, 35, 36].”
Zhang, S.-Y., Guennec, A. L., Shoaie, S., & Carpenter, G. H. (2026) · npj Science of Food · doi:10.1038/s41538-026-00951-z
“Saliva delivers nutrients derived from salivary gland secretions, rather than directly from ingested food and drink, thereby supporting a distinctive microbial environment 4 .”
Association Between Ankylosing Spondylitis and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review
Quemard, V., Pockpa, Z. A. D., Verner, C., Soueidan, A., Bechina, C., & Struillou, X. (2026) · Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry · doi:10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2747
“22 Locally, it leads to the irreversible loss of part or all of the tooth’s supporting tissues.”
Naorem, L. D., Wikström, A., Quach, P., Manoharan, L., Ordinola-Zapata, R., Rakhimova, O., Brundin, M., & Vestman, N. (2026) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.70205
“The oral microbiome is one of the most diverse microbial eco-systems in the human body, including bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses that help maintain oral homeostasis and contribute to host immunity and metabolism (Kilian et al. 2016; Deo and Deshmukh 2019).”
Amkhadova, M., Iztleuov, S. A., Saltovets, M. V., Boriskina, O. A., & Petrukhina, N. (2026) · Stomatology for All / International Dental review · doi:10.35556/idr-2026-2(115)14-21
Lohar, R., Nawaz, T., Landes, T., Schaefer-Dreyer, P., Pott, P., Pflaum, M., Stiesch, M., & Rahim, M. I. (2026) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.06.006
“By contrast, the protective effect observed for CHMs aligns with the physiological role of commensal microflora in maintaining symbiosis and supporting tissue homeostasis [76].”
Dyck, K. V., Hoogenkamp, M., Eichenseher, F., van Dijck, P., & Krom, B. P. (2026) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.01812-25
Hemmatinafar, M., Tajanaki, A. S., Jäger, R., & Safari, K. (2026) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-026-11087-7
Oral Microbiome–Host Genomic Crosstalk in Oral Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Overview of the Literature
Aleksiev, E., Mihaylova, Z., & Kosturkov, D. (2026) · Microbiology Research · doi:10.3390/microbiolres17060111 · Cited by 2
Soto, A. F., da Silva, M. E. B., dos Santos, H. S., Bezerra, A., dos Santos, O. M., Mengatto, C. M., Moretti, E. B., Lund, R. G., de Andrade, J. R. D., & Badaró, M. (2026) · Odontology : official journal of The Society of the Nippon Dental University · doi:10.1007/s10266-026-01408-1
Gavrilescu, D.-M., Mateescu, D.-M., Marginean, A., Tudoran, C., Ilie, A., Badalica-Petrescu, M., Surducan, D., Florescu, E., Tirinescu, R., Cotet, I., et al. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14061308
“Orthodontic appliances can impair effective plaque removal and disrupt the ecological balance of the oral cavity [6,7].”
The Role of Microbiota in Type 1 Diabetes: Insights into Dysbiosis and Immune Interactions
Ignat, A., Anton, E., Săsăran, M. O., Tarnita, I., Ioniuc, I. K., Rusu, T. E., Moisă, Ș. M., Țarcă, E., Butnariu, L. I., Mitrofan, E. C., et al. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18121904
“Beyond the gut, the oral microbiota—comprising approximately 700 species—represents another significant microbial ecosystem with potential systemic implications [110].”
Effect of sialidase inhibitors on a plaque community biofilm model
Ramalingam, C., Ansbro, K., Pratten, J., Bradshaw, D., & Stafford, G. P. (2026) · Access Microbiology · doi:10.1099/acmi.0.001143.v5
Pangenomes of the human oral microbiome
Torres-Morales, J., Giacomini, J. J., Chen, T.-T., Voorhis, A., Kauffman, K. M., Dewhirst, F., Borisy, G., & Welch, J. M. M. (2026) · Microbiology Resource Announcements · doi:10.1128/mra.00261-26
Kato, S., Ma, X., Sato, K., Okumura, A., Yoshinari, N., & Yoshida, A. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0348495
“Localized inflammation caused by dental plaque can lead to oxygen deprivation in the area and promote the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, triggering the onset of periodontitis [14].”
Martínez-Matamoros, D., Sánchez-Vivanco, M., Valdivieso-Tituana, J., & Meneses-Quelal, O. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16111630
“…selective pressure that suffocates the commensal microbiota and favors the exponential proliferation of proteolytic, Gram-negative, and strictly anaerobic species, such as Peptostreptococcus canis and Porphyromonas gulae , and clusters of opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas spp. [7].”
Bahuguna, M., Diwan, P., Wahlang, J., & Gupta, R. K. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-46533-7
Exploring the oral microbiome: from traditional techniques to advanced omics and databases
Arora, P., Ali, M., Singh, A. P., Dubey, V., Srivastava, A., & Garg, S. K. (2026) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/s10482-026-02332-8
Yunga, E. R. D., & Coyago, M. D. L. R. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14051095
“Understanding the composition and function of a healthy microbiome in different ethnicities is essential to establish baseline measures of eubiosis [5].”
Harvey, H. J., Corrigan, S., Baiocco, D., Zhang, Z., Iqbal, T., Teughels, W., Chapple, I., & Horniblow, R. (2026) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2026.115044
Self-citationPancreatic Cancer in the Holobiont and Therapeutic Targets: A Review
Terry, C., Hall, L. A., Halle-Smith, J. M., Edwards, L. A., Sivakumar, S., Chapple, I., Beggs, A. D., Iqbal, T. H., & Roberts, K. J. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15093225
“…gut, and biliary microbiomes, together with systemic immune responses, to form an integrated host-microbe unit where prevention of cancer requires a paradigm shift in thinking that embraces the holobiont as one entity rather than distinct microbial and host compartments (Kilian et al., 2016 [12]).”
InfluentialSelf-citationValverde, A., Capistrano, K. J., Naqvi, R., Elshourbagy, S., Etminan, S., Sandoval, G., Bambrilla, M., Nares, S., Shukla, D., Schwartz, J., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9163482/v1
“The persistent imbalance in the periodontal microbiome alters host immune responses, sustains inflammatory signaling, and disrupts mucosal homeostasis [27 – 29].”
Cross-body site microbial interactions influence the human plasma metabolome
Zhang, J., Jiang, C., Zhou, X., Gao, P., Wong, H. S., Snyder, M. P., & Shen, X. (2026) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-026-02405-w
“Previous studies have suggested that the oral-gut axis may facilitate sequential co-metabolism of dietary substrates, where compounds initially modified by oral microbiota are further processed by gut microbiota [64].”
Asuai, C., O. Whiliki, Mayor, A., Victory, D., Asuai, A., Imarah, O., Irene, D., Merit, I., Hosni, H., Khan, M. I., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.04.02.716085
“Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus species, and Porphyromonas gingivalis are some of the most important odontopathogens (Kilian et al., 2016; Asuai et al., 2025).”
Kalvikarasi, V., Manivasakan, S., Ramasamy, D., & Livingstone, D. W. (2026) · The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society · doi:10.4103/jips.jips_511_25
“In contrast, denture wearers show higher abundances of 12 genus including Alternaria , Aspergillus , Candida , Cephalophora , Cladosporium , Clonostachys, Emericellopsis, Malassezia , Mucor , Phoma, Pleurotus, and Rhodotorula [Figure 2 and Supplementary Figure 3].”
Şeker, O., Duran, N., Kose, H. D., Çolak, E., Bilmez, Z. Y., Bolgul, B., & Dağlı, S. (2026) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-025-06479-7
Evaluating Oral Candidal Carriage and Association with Dental Carious and Gingival Lesions in Adults
Saluja, P., Nitin, P., Priyadharshini, R., Pallawi, Kavitha, M., Dani, G., Mehta, M., Momaya, N. K., & Makkad, R. S. (2026) · Advances in Human Biology · doi:10.4103/aihb.aihb_218_25
The Oral Microbiome and Mental Health: An Emerging Paradigm
Moodley, D., & Moodley, T. (2026) · South African Dental Journal · doi:10.17159/sadj.v80i10.22087
“24 Oral Dysbiosis in Specific Mental Health Conditions Oral dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbial community of the oral cavity has been increasingly linked to various mental health disorders.”
Assessment of oral microbiome diversity in adolescents with varying caries risk
Abuzenada, B. M., Elnawawy, M. S., Alwakeb, R. M., Alfadhli, H., Aljohani, A., Homossany, M. E. M. B. E., & Pullishery, F. (2026) · Adolescência e Saúde · doi:10.67440/ahj.v21i1.667
“…oral microbiome investigations remain relatively underrepresented compared with studies of younger children or adult populations, despite adolescence representing a period of significant physiological, hormonal, and behavioral changes that may substantially influence oral microbial ecology [14].”
Köprücü, S. A., Kayıpmaz, S., Tosun, İ., & Sezgin, Ö. S. (2026) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-026-06732-7
“Current evidence indicates that the most substantial age-related changes in the oral microbiome occur during infancy and early childhood, during which microbial communities undergo maturation and establishment [15].”
Maternal nutrition and its impact on neonatal immune development
Rakesh, K. (2026) · Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health · doi:10.4038/sljch.v55i1.11544
Frias, M. A., & Águila, M. C.-D. (2026) · Revista Cientifica Ciencia Medica · doi:10.51581/rccm.v28i01.213
“…que una buena salud bucal reduce el riesgo de enfermedades respiratorias bajas como la neumonía asociada al uso de ventilación asistida 15 ; del mismo modo, la higiene bucal es fundamental para controlar la carga bacteriana en la boca permitiendo restablecer el equilibrio simbiótico oral 16 .”
Kraus, R. F., Stampfer, V. J., Scholz, K. J., Gruber, M. A., & Cieplik, F. (2026) · Immunity Inflammation and Disease · doi:10.1002/iid3.70390
“About 30,000 oral PMNs per minute enter the oral cavity to maintain equilibrium [5–8].”
Blanco-Fuertes, M., González-Comino, G., Brotons, P., Lluansí, A., Varo, R., Henares, D., Launes, C., Cisneros, M., de Sevilla, M., García-García, J.-J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2026.2635242
“The oral cavity is a niche for one of the most diverse and abundant microbial communities in the human body [6], whose equilibrium is responsible for the maintenance of a healthy state [10].”
Dubois, M., Ortis, M., Tonoyan, L., Doglio, A., Bertrand, M.-F., Sorel, O., & Lupi, L. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/94212
Understanding the Bio-Interaction of Dental Materials
Kuzhanchinathan, M., & Rajendran, M. R. (2026) · Trends in Biomaterials & Artificial Organs · doi:10.65795/zhg02262
“These interactions lead to bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and accumulation on the material’s surface forming dental plaque which negatively affects the integrity [8].”
Suningdyastiningrum, A. O., Prabowo, F. P. R., & Erwana, A. F. (2026) · Jurnal Medali · doi:10.30659/medali.8.1.1-13
Vear, S. C., Patel, A. N., Hayashi, M., & Rickard, A. H. (2026) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2026.2617745
“The human oral cavity contains approximately 700 species or phylotypes of bacteria [1–3].”
Ibrahim, H., Mohamad, W. M. Z. W., Mohamad, N., Kassim, N., Ismail, T., Rahman, W. A., Yudin, Z., Das, S., & Zin, S. R. M. (2026) · Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715303415067251124044844
Preoperative Assessment of the Oral Environment in Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy
Yamano, T., Nishi, K., Kawamoto, K., Nuita, R., Sugimoto, S., & Omori, F. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.100782
“In addition, disruption of the oral microbiota may trigger inflammatory diseases, such as periodontal disease and tonsillitis, whereas maintenance of a healthy oral microbiome prevents pathogen colonization and contributes to immune system regulation [3].”
Huang, S., Du, W.-D., Wu, J., Lu, Y.-Y., Ku, W., Zhang, X., & Yu, D. (2026) · Dental journal · doi:10.3390/dj14010029
“If left untreated, this inflammation may spread deeper, progressing to irreversible periodontitis [38,39].”
The Bacteria‐Fungi‐Phage Interplay in Periodontitis and Peri‐Implantitis
Ji, Z., Kang, L., Liu, S., Jiang, Q., & Wei, W. (2026) · International Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1155/ijod/7239600
Salivary Oral Microbiota in Patients with Prediabetes Undergoing Intragastric Balloon Surgery
Meshan, R. A. D., Alosaimi, N., Redha, A., & Karched, M. (2025) · Microbiology Research · doi:10.3390/microbiolres17010007
Evaluation of Plaque and Gingival Indices in Patients Treated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances.
Dammaj, S., Obeyah, A., Almuttareb, F., Kahoul, A., & Al-aqab, S. (2025) · مجلة جامعة صنعاء للطب والعلوم الصحية · doi:10.59628/jchm.v19i6.2343
“Oral health is a significant component of general health[2, 3].”
Microbiome dynamics in the congregate environment of U.S. Army Infantry training
Kok, C. R., Morrison, M. D., Thissen, J. B., Mabery, S. L., Carson, M. L., Kimbrel, J. A., Bennett, J. W., Tribble, D. R., Millar, E. V., Mende, K., et al. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00474-25
“This observation reflects the rich diversity of the oral microbiome, considered the second most diverse human micro biome community after the gut, with various species colonizing hard teeth surfaces and soft mucosal tissues (50, 51).”
The science of swish - Efficacy and role of mouthwashes for healthy gums and oral tissues
Joshi, M., Rana, R., & Banari, A. S. (2025) · Journal of Global Oral Health · doi:10.25259/jgoh_20_2025
Chattopadhyay, S., Malayil, L., & Sapkota, A. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22111725
“The oral cavity represents a critical gateway for microbial exchange, and disruption of its microbial balance has been linked to a range of inflammatory and systemic conditions, including periodontitis, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory infections [30,32,33].”
Isolation of Clinical Microbes Isolated during Treatment with Orthodontic Appliances
Nasser, N. (2025) · European Journal of Medical and Health Research · doi:10.59324/ejmhr.2025.3(6).13
Metadata
- Authors
- Kilian, M., Chapple, I. L. C., Hannig, M., Marsh, P. D., Meuric, V., Pedersen, A. M. L., Tonetti, M. S., Wade, W. G., & Zaura, E.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Saarland University (DE)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes (FR)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Kilian, M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Dental Journal
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 221
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 657-666
- ISSN
- 0007-0610 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5373
- OpenAlex
- W2550762460
- Cited by
- 1,269
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 123 · 2025: 140 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 169 · 2022: 144 · 2021: 157 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 114.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BDJ (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Research and COVID-19
- Keywords
- oral microbiota, holobiont, dysbiosis, oral bacteria, oral health, dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral mucosa, lifestyle factors, oral care
- MeSH terms
- Dental Caries, Humans, Mouth, Oral Health, Periodontitis, Microbiota
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