Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray
Abstract
The discovery of the role of nicotinic receptors in attention and memory has led to the testing of nicotinic analogs as cognitive enhancing agents in patient populations. Empirical information about nicotine's ability to enhance elements of attention and memory in normal individuals might guide development of therapeutic uses of nicotine in cognitively impaired populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on continuous attention, working memory, and computational processing in tobacco-deprived and nondeprived smokers. A total of 28 smokers (14 men, 14 women) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study, in which they were overnight (12 h) tobacco deprived at one session and smoked ad libitum before the other session. At each session, participants received 0, 1, and 2 mg nicotine via nasal spray in random order at 90 min intervals. Before and after each dose, a battery of cognitive, subjective, and physiological measures was administered, and blood samples were taken for plasma nicotine concentration. Overnight tobacco deprivation resulted in impaired functioning on all cognitive tests and increased self-reports of tobacco craving and negative mood; nicotine normalized these deficits. In the nondeprived condition, nicotine enhanced performance on the continuous performance test (CPT) and an arithmetic test in a dose-related manner, but had no effect on working memory. In general, women were more sensitive than men to the subjective effects of nicotine. These results provide an unequivocal determination that nicotine enhanced attentional and computational abilities in nondeprived smokers and suggest these cognitive domains as substrates for novel therapeutic indications.
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Cognitive deficits manifest during nicotine withdrawal, including difficulty concentrating, increased reaction times in sustained attention tasks, and impaired episodic and working memory.
“In addition, there are cognitive deficits that manifest during nicotine withdrawal, including difficulty concentrating, increased reaction times in tasks requiring sustained attention, and impaired episodic and working memory (Myers et al. 2008; Wesnes et al. 2013).”
From Nicotine Withdrawal (2015) · cites this paper as Myers et al. 2008
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- Authors
- Myers, C. S., Taylor, R. C., Moolchan, E. T., & Heishman, S. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Myers, Carol S
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2007-04-18
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 588-598
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- OpenAlex
- W1997749834
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
- Keywords
- nicotine, cognitive enhancement, attention, working memory, continuous performance test, nicotine craving, mood, sex differences, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, dose-response relationship, smokers, plasma nicotine concentration
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Aerosols, Affect, Blood Pressure, Cognition, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Nicotine, Psychomotor Performance, Sex Characteristics, Smoking, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Smoking Cessation, Nicotinic Agonists
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