Cited by 1,006Language Development and DisordersReading and Literacy DevelopmentHearing Loss and Rehabilitation

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Nonword Repetition and Child Language Impairment

Dollaghan, Chris, Campbell, Thomas F.·1998·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research

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Abstract

A brief, processing-dependent, nonword repetition task, designed to minimize biases associated with traditional language tests, was investigated. In Study 1, no overlap in nonword repetition performance was found between a group of 20 school-age children enrolled in language intervention (LI) and a group of 20 age-matched peers developing language normally (LN). In Study 2, a comparison of likelihood ratios for the nonword repetition task and for a traditional language test revealed that nonword repetition distinguished between children independently identified as LI and LN with a high degree of accuracy, by contrast with the traditional language test. Nonword repetition may have considerable clinical utility as a screening measure for language impairment in children. Information on the likelihood ratios associated with all diagnostic tests of language is badly needed.

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“All participants performed within the normal range on the Nonword Repetition Task (Dollaghan and Campbell, 1998), indicating normal phonological processing abilities.”
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“Scores on the NWR task have been argued to successfully identify children’s language status with regard to DLD with a high degree of accuracy (Bishop, North, & Donlan, 1996; Conti-Ramsden, 2003; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Gathercole & Baddley, 1990; Weismer et al., 2000).”
Background
Mean length of utterance among Mandarin-speaking children with and without DLD
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“…that using language sample analysis (LSA), a procedure of collecting language performance for evaluating expressive language ability in natural language contexts, could be an alternative approach to differentiating children with DLD (Dollaghan and Campbell, 1998; Plante and Vance, 1994).”
Background
Non-Word Repetition and Sentence Repetition Performance in 2–3 Years Old Late Talkers and Normal Children
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“…of 23 studies meeting quality guidelines, Graf Estes and colleagues (Graf Estes, Evans, & Else-Quest, 2007) found that children with specific LI performed an average of 1.27 SD below the mean score of TD children on NWR tasks (see also Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Ellis Weismer et al., 2000).”
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Background
Intensive Treatment for Persisting Rhotic Distortions: A Case Series.
Preston, J., & Leece, M. C. (2017) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0232 · Cited by 14
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“The production of a word was considered correct if children produced the phonemes in the same order as the target with no omissions or substitutions (additions and distortions were allowed) (Dollaghan and Campbell 1998).”
Background
How well do poor language scores at ages 3 and 4 predict poor language scores at age 6?
Dollaghan, C. A., & Campbell, T. F. (2009) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549500903030824 · Cited by 22
“…from all complete and intelligible utterances in a 15-min play-based conversation with a familiar caregiver. cTotal percentage of phonemes correct, nonword repetition task (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998). dAll mean scores within row differed significantly (paired t-test with one-sided p5 .0001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Can executive functioning contribute to the diagnosis of SLI in bilingual children?
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“The 16 nonwords from Dollaghan and Campbell (1998) were recorded by a native English-speaking female talker in a soundproof booth.”
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“The most frequently utilized non-word repetition tests are the Children’s Test of Non-word Repetition (CNRep) [24], Non-word Repetition Test (NRT) [25] and subtests from a Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY) [26].”
Method
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“…several studies 128 American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology • Vol. 24 • 126–138 • May 2015 have found that nonwords with more syllables are more difficult to repeat (Archibald & Gathercole, 2006; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Gathercole et al., 1994; Elin Thordardottir & Brandeker, 2013).”
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“Nonword repetition (NWR) appears to be the PSTM task of choice in language assessment research (e.g. Bishop, North, & Donlan, 1996; Botting & Conti-Ramsden, 2001; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Ellis Weismer et al., 2000).”
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Background
Production of Morphosyntax Within and Across Different Dialects of American English
Hendricks, A. E., & Adlof, S. M. (2020) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00244 · Cited by 20
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Method
Atypical neural responses to phonological detail in children with developmental language impairments
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“DOI: 10.1097/TLD.0b013e31829dd8c9 ing children with Specific Language Impairment (Bishop, North, & Donlan, 1996; Conti-Ramsden, Botting, & Faragher, 2001; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Gathercole, 2006; Weismer et al., 2000).”
Influential
Clinician–Child Interactions: Adjustments in Linguistic Complexity
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Background
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“…put forward the view that nonword repetition measures can be viewed as “phenotypic markers” for SLI (Bishop et al., 1996) or culturally nonbiased screening instruments for helping detect SLI in populations of young children (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Montgomery, 2002; Ellis Weismer et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMethod
Nonword Repetition Across Two Dialects of English: Effects of Specific Language Impairment and Nonmainstream Form Density
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“The 16 nonwords were taken from Dollaghan and Campbell (1998). The nonwords ranged in length from one to four syllables, with four nonwords per length.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“This is useful information because a nonword repetition task can be successfully administered to children as young as age 2 (Anderson, Wagovich, & Hall, 2006; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Gathercole & Adams, 1993; Shriberg et al., 2009).”
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“…(TD) children, it appeared that both children with SLI and children with dyslexia displayed significant difficulties with phonological processing tasks, including measures of phonological awareness and nonword repetition (e.g., Brady, Shankweiler, & Mann, 1983; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998).”
Background
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“Phonological memory was measured using a Nonword Repetition task (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998).”
Exploring Expressive Vocabulary Variability in Two-Year-Olds: The Role of Working Memory
Newbury, J., Klee, T. M., Stokes, S. F., & Moran, C. N. (2015) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-15-0018 · Cited by 19
Effect of Onset and Rhyme Primes in Preschoolers With Typical Development and Specific Language Impairment
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Grammar Clinical Marker Yields Substantial Heritability for Language Impairments in 16-Year-Old Twins
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Assessment of language acquisition
de Villiers, P. A., & de Villiers, J. G. (2010) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.30 · Cited by 18
Contrasting effects of associates and coordinates in children with and without language impairment: A picture–word interference study
Brooks, P. J., Seiger‐Gardner, L., & Sailor, K. M. (2012) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716412000495 · Cited by 18
“Children with SLI show significant deficits in nonword repetition, especially for nonwords over three syllables in length (Botting & ContiRamsden, 2001; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Ellis Weismer et al., 2000; Munson, Edwards, & Beckman, 2005).”
Background
The Role of Slow Speech Amplitude Envelope for Speech Processing and Reading Development
Ríos‐López, P., Molnar, M. T., Lizarazu, M., & Lallier, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01497 · Cited by 18
“Although non-word repetition is a classical and extensively used task to measure phonological short term memory in children (e.g., Dollaghan and Campbell, 1998), it is a complex task involving auditory, phonological and speech-motor output processes (Gathercole, 2006).”
BackgroundMethod
Reading Development in Children With Cochlear Implants Who Communicate via Spoken Language: A Psycholinguistic Investigation
Bell, N., Angwin, A. J., Wilson, W. J., & Arnott, W. L. (2019) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-17-0469 · Cited by 21
The role of phonological storage deficits in specific language impairment: A reconsideration
Weismer, S. E., & Edwards, J. (2006) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716406240396 · Cited by 18
Serial-position effects on a free-recall task in bilinguals
Yoo, J., & Kaushanskaya, M. (2015) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2015.1013557 · Cited by 19
“A similar approach to coding non-word repetition data was used by other studies (e.g., Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Moore, Tompkins, & Dollaghan, 2010).”
Method
Bilingual children with primary language impairment: 3 months after treatment
Pham, G. T., Ebert, K. D., & Kohnert, K. J. (2014) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12123 · Cited by 17
“Dependent measures for non-word repetition tasks were percent phonemes correct (PCC; Dollaghan and Campbell 1998) for the most dif-ficult level in each language (i.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
A spatially supported forced-choice recognition test reveals children’s long-term memory for newly learned word forms
Gordon, K. R., & McGregor, K. K. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00164 · Cited by 17
“Before training, the children completed a non-word repetition test [NWR (Dollaghan and Campbell, 1998)] to test their phonological working memory.”
Method
Working memory performance in children with and without specific language impairment in two nonmainstream dialects of English
McDonald, J. L., Seidel, C. M., Hammarlund, R., & Oetting, J. B. (2017) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716417000509 · Cited by 17
The acquisition of recursive modification in NPs
Pérez‐Leroux, A. T., Peterson, T., Castilla-Earls, A. P., Béjar, S., Massam, D., & Roberge, Y. (2018) · Language · doi:10.1353/lan.2018.0019 · Cited by 17
“In addition to the referential tasks, children received three standardized tests: CELF-P2, KABC-II, Peabody Picture Vocabulary 4 (Dunn & Dunn 2007), and a standard nonword-repetition task (Dollaghan & Campbell 1998).”
Method
How do bilingual dyslexic and typically developing children perform in nonword repetition? Evidence from a study on Italian L2 children
Vender, M., Delfitto, D., & Melloni, C. (2019) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728919000828 · Cited by 24
The Speech “Bamana”: Using the Syllable Repetition Task to Identify Underlying Phonological Deficits in Children With Speech and Language Impairments
Roepke, E., Bower, K. E., Miller, C., & Brosseau‐Lapré, F. (2020) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00027 · Cited by 17
“While vowel errors are not typically scored on the SRT, other nonword repetition tasks do include vowel accuracy in the scoring (e.g., the nonword repetition task [NRT] by Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998).”
Background
Diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its behavioral, neurological, and genetic roots
Mueller, K. L., & Tomblin, J. B. (2012) · Topics in Language Disorders · doi:10.1097/tld.0b013e318261ffdd · Cited by 17
“To avoid such a confound, researchers in the field of language development have typically employed nonword repetition tasks (NWR), as opposed to digit span tasks, in the study of WM (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Gathercole, 2006; Gupta & Tisdale, 2009).”
Associations Between Key Language-Related Measures in Typically Developing School-Age Children
Archibald, L. M. D., Joanisse, M., & Shepherd, M. (2008) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/0044-3409.216.3.161 · Cited by 33
“Children with specific language impairment – an unexpected failure to develop language skills at a typical rate – tend to perform poorly on all of these tasks (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Rice & Wexler, 1996; Tallal & Stark, 1981).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Finite Verb Morphology Composite: Values From a Community Sample.
Rudolph, J., Dollaghan, C., & Crotteau, S. (2019) · Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-18-0437 · Cited by 10
“We defined this variable as the total percentage of phonemes repeated correctly (TOTPPC) on a 16-item nonword repetition task (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998).”
MethodSelf-citation
Case Studies of Auditory Training for Children With Auditory Processing Difficulties: A Preliminary Analysis
Miller, C., Uhring, E. A., Brown, J. J. C., Kowalski, E. M., Roberts, B., & Schaefer, B. A. (2005) · Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders · doi:10.1044/cicsd_32_f_93 · Cited by 17
“The nonword repetition stimuli created by Dollaghan and Campbell (1998) have not been normed; however, Ellis Weismer et al. (2000) collected data using those stimuli from 359 typically developing children with a mean age of 7;11 (SD = 4.8 months).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Word Learning by Preschool-Age Children: Differences in Encoding, Re-Encoding, and Consolidation Across Learners During Slow Mapping
Gordon, K. R., Lowry, S. L., Ohlmann, N. B., & Fitzpatrick, D. F. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2022_jslhr-21-00530 · Cited by 17
“Third Edition (SPELT-3; Dawson et al., 2003) to capture expressive morphology and syntax skills; and a nonword repetition test (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998) to capture verbal working memory abilities.”
Teaching little kids big sentences: A randomized controlled trial showing that children with DLD respond to complex syntax intervention embedded within the context of preschool/kindergarten science instruction
Horne, A. O. V., Curran, M. K., Cook, S. W., Cole, R. S., & McGregor, K. K. (2023) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12882 · Cited by 19
Representação fonológica em crianças com Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem (DEL)
Befi‐Lopes, D. M., Pereira, A. C. S., & Bento, A. C. P. (2010) · Pró-Fono Revista de Atualização Científica · doi:10.1590/s0104-56872010000300025 · Cited by 16
Consonant Age-of-Acquisition Effects in Nonword Repetition Are Not Articulatory in Nature
Moore, M. W., Fiez, J. A., & Tompkins, C. A. (2017) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0359 · Cited by 16
“Scoring of the NWR task was completed according to the procedures described by Dollaghan and Campbell (1998).”
Method
Introducing WCM-SE: The word complexity measure phonetically justified and adapted to Swedish
Marklund, U., Marklund, E., Schwarz, I., & Lacerda, F. P. (2018) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699206.2018.1493620 · Cited by 17
“Comparisons could be made to other measures, such as the Percentage Consonants Correct (Shriberg, Austin, Lewis, McSweeny, & Wilson, 1997; Shriberg & Kwiatkowski, 1982), the Percentage Phonemes Correct (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998) or the Phonological Mean Length of Utterance (Ingram, 2002).”
Background
Phonological Priming With Nonwords in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Brooks, P. J., Seiger‐Gardner, L., Obeid, R., & MacWhinney, B. (2015) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-14-0212 · Cited by 16
Working Memory and Interference Control in Children with Specific Language Impairment
Marton, K., Eichorn, N., Campanelli, L., & Zakariás, L. (2016) · Language and Linguistics Compass · doi:10.1111/lnc3.12189 · Cited by 19
“…have consistently found that children with SLI perform more poorly than TD children on non-word repetition (e.g., Bishop, North, and Donlan 1996; Dollaghan and Campbell 1998; Graf Estes, Evans, and Else-Quest 2007), and poor non-word repetition, as a result, has become a behavioral marker for…”
Background
The Impact of Feedback Frequency on Performance in a Novel Speech Motor Learning Task
Lowe, M. S., & Buchwald, A. B. (2017) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0207 · Cited by 16
“The participants’ articulation and phonological skills, phonological working memory, and perception of nonword sequences were also assessed using alternate motion rates and the Nonword Repetition Test (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Lisman & Sadagopan, 2013), because underlying speech motor planning and execution abiliti…”
MethodInfluential
Consistency of a Nonword Repetition Task to Discriminate Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder in Catalan–Spanish and European Portuguese Speaking Children
Ahufinger, N., Berglund-Barraza, A., Cruz‐Santos, A., Ferinu, L., Andreu, L., Sanz‐Torrent, M., & Evans, J. L. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8020085 · Cited by 16
“[46] reported data from the Dollaghan and Campbell [49] NRT, which is a version of NRT that consists of a set of 16 nonwords, four at each of four-syllable lengths (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-) that were controlled to all have low wordlikeness ratings.”
Method
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Dawson, G., & Toth, K. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939406.ch8 · Cited by 17
Factors Impacting Implementation of Universal Screening of Developmental Language Disorder in Public Schools
Christopulos, T. T., & Redmond, S. M. (2023) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2023_lshss-22-00169 · Cited by 16
Factor Analysis of Working Memory Tasks Based on Information Processing Characteristics: Predictive Factors of Receptive Vocabulary and Quick Incidental Learning in Children with Typically Developing and Receptive Vocabulary Delay
Yim, D., Kim, S.-Y., & Yang, Y. (2015) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.15241 · Cited by 15
“언어장애 아동들이 보이는 표면적인 언어문제 혹은 언어발달의 기저 요인을 밝히고자 하는 많은 연구들이 작업기억(working memory)에 주목하였는데 (Baddeley, 1992; Cleary, Pisoni, & Kirk, 2000; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Gathercole & Baddeley, 1990; Just & Carpenter, 1992; Montgomery, 2000), ‘처리 용량’은 작업기억 과제들을 수행할 때 중요한 제약 요인으로 작용한다.”
Phonological and grammatical production in children with developmental language disorder and children with hearing impairment
Sundström, S., Löfkvist, U., Lyxell, B., & Samuelsson, C. (2018) · Child Language Teaching and Therapy · doi:10.1177/0265659018805202 · Cited by 15
Two clinical markers for DLD in monolingual Italian speakers: what can they tell us about second language learners with DLD?
Guasti, M. T., White, M. J., Bianco, G., Arosio, F., Camilleri, B., & Hasson, N. (2020) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699206.2020.1830303 · Cited by 15
“…repetition (NWR) tasks (Graf Estes et al., 2007; Italian: Bortolini et al., 2006; Dispaldro et al., 2013; Dutch: De Bree et al., 2007; English: Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; French: Thordardottir & Brandeker, 2013; Spanish: Girbau & Schwartz, 2008; Swedish: Sahlén et al., 1999; Icelandic:…”
Syntactic Structural Assignment in Brazilian Portuguese-Speaking Children With Specific Language Impairment
Fortunato-Tavares, T. M., de Andrade, C. R. F., Befi‐Lopes, D. M., Hestvik, A., Epstein, B., Tornyova, L., & Schwartz, R. G. (2012) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0215 · Cited by 15
Learning word meanings during reading: Effects of phonological and semantic cues on children with language impairment
Steele, S. C., Willoughby, L. M., & Mills, M. T. (2012) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.3109/17549507.2012.700322 · Cited by 15
“…have consistently shown that pre-school and school-age children with LI perform more poorly on these tasks, compared to their same-age peers (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Ellis Weismer, Tomblin, Zhang, Buckwalter, Chynoweth, & Jones, 2000; Gathercole & Baddeley, 1990; Graf Estes, Evans, &…”
Background
Diagnostik und Differenzierung sprachentwicklungsgest�rter Kinder?
Keilmann, A., Braun, L., & Sch�ler, H. (2004) · HNO · doi:10.1007/s00106-004-1115-z · Cited by 15
The Role of Phonotactic Frequency in Sentence Repetition by Children With Specific Language Impairment
Coady, J. A., Evans, J. L., & Kluender, K. R. (2010) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2010/07-0264 · Cited by 15
EFFECT OF AN AUDITORY TRAINING PROGRAM ON READING, PHONEME AWARENESS, AND LANGUAGE
Valentine, D., Hedrick, M. S., & Swanson, L. A. (2006) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.103.1.183-196 · Cited by 15
“The two trained groups were statistically different on reading, phoneme awareness, and language abilities, but not different in backward masking thresholds. Even though these thresholds improved significantly after training, the changes were not correlated with improved reading. Although phoneme awareness improved, re…”
Background
Dynamic Assessment With Bilinguals: A Focus on Increasing Clinicians' Confidence
Gorman, B. K. (2015) · Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations · doi:10.1044/cds22.3.112 · Cited by 15
The Fast-Mapping Abilities of Adults With Developmental Language Disorder
McGregor, K. K., Eden, N. M., Arbisi‐Kelm, T., & Oleson, J. (2020) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00418 · Cited by 16
Lexical–Semantic Cues Induce Sound Pattern Stability in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Benham, S., & Goffman, L. (2020) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00244 · Cited by 14
“However, phonological aspects of novel word form learning are also clearly implicated (e.g., Coady & Evans, 2008; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Graf Estes et al., 2007), which we contend form an important component of the deficit profile in DLD.”
Background
Developmental Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Silleresi, S. (2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68 · Cited by 15
Age and vocabulary knowledge differentially influence the N400 and theta responses during semantic retrieval
Schneider, J. M., Poudel, S., Abel, A. D., & Maguire, M. J. (2023) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101251 · Cited by 14
A developmental account of the role of sequential dependencies in typical and atypical language learners
Goffman, L., & Gerken, L. (2023) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2023.2275837 · Cited by 14
“…with DLD show other de ﬁ cits, such as in motor skills (e.g., Bishop & Edmundson, 1987; Brumbach & Go ﬀ man, 2014; Hill, 2001; Sack et al., 2022; Vuolo et al., 2017), nonword repetition (e.g., Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998), and word form learning (e.g., Benham et al., 2018; McGregor et al., 2020).”
Background
Assessing Phonological Processing in Children With Speech Sound Disorders
Roepke, E. (2023) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2023_persp-23-00036 · Cited by 15
“Another possible source of difficulty on an NRT is motor planning and programming, referred to here as transcoding .”
Influential
Learning by listening to lectures is a challenge for college students with developmental language impairment
Becker, T. C., & McGregor, K. K. (2016) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.09.001 · Cited by 14
“…16 Sentence Repetition CELF-3 Recalling Sentences M 89% 78% 1.2 SD 7% 11% Min 67% 45% Max 100% 96% Phonological Memory Nonword Repetition Probe from Dollaghan & Campbell (1998) M 94% 91% .85 SD 3% 4% Min 86% 79% Max 99% 99% Attention CAARS-ADHD symptoms M 51 60 −.43 SD 10 28 Min 35 33 Max 72…”
MethodInfluential
The clinical examination of non-word repetition tasks in identifying Persian-speaking children with primary language impairment
Kazemi, Y., & Saeednia, S. (2016) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.11.028 · Cited by 14
Sensitivity to Audiovisual Temporal Asynchrony in Children With a History of Specific Language Impairment and Their Peers With Typical Development: A Replication and Follow-Up Study
Kaganovich, N. (2017) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0327 · Cited by 15
Associations Between Manual Dexterity and Language Ability in School-Age Children
Obeid, R., & Brooks, P. J. (2018) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2018_lshss-17-0124 · Cited by 17

Authors: Dollaghan, C., & Campbell, T. F.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID: Campbell, Thomas F.
Venue: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
Published: 1998-10
Volume: 41
Issue: 5
Pages: 1136-1146
ISSN: 1092-4388 (ISSN-L)
1558-9102
DOI: 10.1044/jslhr.4105.1136
OpenAlex: W1986346898
Cited by: 1,006
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 53
FWCI: 12.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r29dc001858-05)
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R29DC01858)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Keywords: non-word repetition, language impairment, children, language screening, likelihood ratios, language intervention, diagnostic test validity, language assessment
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Language Disorders, Language Tests, Male, Phonetics, Speech Disorders

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Nonword Repetition and Child Language Impairment

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