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Nonword Repetition and Child Language Impairment
Abstract
A brief, processing-dependent, nonword repetition task, designed to minimize biases associated with traditional language tests, was investigated. In Study 1, no overlap in nonword repetition performance was found between a group of 20 school-age children enrolled in language intervention (LI) and a group of 20 age-matched peers developing language normally (LN). In Study 2, a comparison of likelihood ratios for the nonword repetition task and for a traditional language test revealed that nonword repetition distinguished between children independently identified as LI and LN with a high degree of accuracy, by contrast with the traditional language test. Nonword repetition may have considerable clinical utility as a screening measure for language impairment in children. Information on the likelihood ratios associated with all diagnostic tests of language is badly needed.
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“as for non-word repetition, the results were not sufficiently consistent across different studies, so it cannot be considered as an accurate diagnostic tool if used individually”
From Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [158]
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Perceptual statistical learning over one week in child speech production
Richtsmeier, P. T., & Goffman, L. (2017) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.06.004 · Cited by 8
“The nonword repetition task was adopted from Dollaghan and Campbell (1998) and was not completed by one participant.”
MethodCilibrasi, L., Stojanovik, V., Loucas, T., & RIDDELL, P. M. (2018) · Dyslexia · doi:10.1002/dys.1599 · Cited by 8
Sasisekaran, J., & Weathers, E. J. (2019) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.105917 · Cited by 8
Auditory processing in children: Role of working memory and lexical ability in auditory closure
Nagaraj, N. K., & Magimairaj, B. M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240534 · Cited by 8
“The nonword repetition measure developed by Dollaghan and Campbell [60] was used.”
MethodHollander, C., & de Andrade, V. M. (2013) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/0042085913488604 · Cited by 8
“This nonword repetition task involves repeating 16 nonwords, ranging from consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) nonwords to CVCVCVCVC nonwords (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998).”
BackgroundAssessing Phonological Knowledge
Core, C. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444344035.ch6 · Cited by 8
Language and executive functioning in the context of specific language impairment and bilingualism
Laloi, A. (2015) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 8
Scheltinga, F., van der Leij, A., & Beinum, F. J. K.-V. (2003) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 8
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Alsulaiman, R., Harris, J., Bamaas, S., & Howell, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.750126 · Cited by 7
“The non-words ranged in length from one to four syllables; these were adapted from the Non-word Repetition Test [NRT; (33)].”
MethodCho, Y., & Yim, D. (2020) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.19680 · Cited by 7
“이에 표준화된 검사뿐만 아니라 다양한 언어적, 비언 어적 과제를 통해 언어발달 기저의 능력을 평가하는, 즉 비표준화 된 검사도구를 사용하여 이중언어아동의 언어발달과정을 평가하 려는 시도가 활발하게 보고되고 있다(Boerma et al., 2017; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Welsh & Pennington, 1988).”
Factor, L., & Goffman, L. (2021) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716421000540 · Cited by 7
“…literature is that, during the preschool and school-aged years, these children show deficits in nonword repetition tasks, with accuracy decreasing as word length increases (Deevy et al., 2010; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Ellis Weismer et al., 2000; Graf Estes et al., 2007; Jackson et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSchwob, S., & Skoruppa, K. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00017 · Cited by 7
Nonword repetition to identify DLD in older school-age children
Thordardottir, E. T., & Reid, H. J. (2022) · Enfance · doi:10.3917/enf2.221.0059 · Cited by 6
Benham, S., Wisler, A. A., Berlin, J., Wang, J., & Goffman, L. (2023) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00290 · Cited by 7
Goffman, L., Factor, L., Barna, M., Cai, F., & Feld, I. (2023) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00434 · Cited by 7
Kreidler, K., Vuolo, J., & Goffman, L. (2023) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00197 · Cited by 7
“For instance, children with DLD show deficits in their production of novel phonological sequences (Benham & Goffman, 2020; Benham et al., 2018; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Graf-Estes et al., 2007) and in implementing complex prosodic sequences (Goffman, 1999, 2004).”
Special Education Assessment: Practices That Support Eligibility and Intervention
Power-deFur, L. A. (2023) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2023_lshss-23-00077 · Cited by 7
Tattersall, P. J., Nelson, N. W., & Tyler, A. A. (2014) · Child Language Teaching and Therapy · doi:10.1177/0265659014554719 · Cited by 7
“Nonwords with low phonotactic probability were created to minimize the influence of the participant’s vocabulary-specific knowledge on the response (Dollaghan and Campbell, 1998).”
BackgroundAssessing and facilitating complex sentence formulation in picture description tasks
Marinellie, S. A. (2006) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/14417040600632537 · Cited by 7
“…that children with SLI have particular limitations in their capacity to store and process language (Bishop, 1992a, b; Bishop, North, & Donlon, 1996; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Edwards & Lahey, 1998; Ellis Weismer, 1996; Gathercole & Baddeley, 1990, 1993; Lahey & Bloom, 1994; Leonard, 1994;…”
BackgroundDoes language learning disability in school-age children affect semantic word learning when reading?
Steele, S. C. (2015) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.3109/17549507.2014.979872 · Cited by 7
Building an Assessment Use Argument for sign language: the BSL Nonsense Sign Repetition Test
Mann, W., & Marshall, C. R. (2010) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050903474127 · Cited by 7
“…contain only one syllable, stimuli could not be created by manipulating the number of syllables, as is most often the case for non-word repetition tests (e.g. the Children’s Test of Non-word Repetition, Gathercole et al. 1994; and the Non-word Repetition Test, Dollaghan and Campbell 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialLe déficit de mémoire de travail chez les enfants dysphasiques est-il ou non spécifique du langage ?
Parisse, C., & Mollier, R. (2008) · Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Française 2008 · doi:10.1051/cmlf08220 · Cited by 7
Martínez, L. M., Herrera, C. A., Valle, J., & Vásquez, M. L. (2002) · Cited by 7
Kaganovich, N., Schumaker, J., Macias, D., & Gustafson, D. (2014) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12263 · Cited by 7
“…when identifying children with language disorders (Archibald, 2008; Archibald & Gathercole, 2006; Archibald & Joanisse, 2009; Conti-Ramsden, Botting & Faragher, 2001b; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Ellis Weismer, Tomblin, Zhang, Buckwalter, Chynoweth et al., 2000; Graf Estes, Evans & Else-Quest,”
Simon‐Cereijido, G. (2017) · Literacy studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53646-0_10 · Cited by 7
Ryu, E. J., & Ha, J.-W. (2018) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.18541 · Cited by 7
“그러기 위해서는 비단어를 구성 하는 각각의 음절 자체도 의미가 없는 일음절이어야 한다(Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998).”
Ahufinger, N., Ferinu, L., Pacheco-Vera, F., Sanz‐Torrent, M., & Andreu, L. (2020) · Revista de Logopedia Foniatría y Audiología · doi:10.1016/j.rlfa.2019.12.001 · Cited by 19
Wilder, A., & Redmond, S. M. (2020) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699206.2020.1740323 · Cited by 9
“Children with DLD (n = 30) Children were identi fi ed as having developmental language disorder using the criteria of scoring ≤ 85 standard score ( M = 100, SD = 15) on 2 out of 3 of the following clinical indices used in the screening study project: a nonword repetition test (NWR) (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998), a sente…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOttem, E. (2003) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/073428290302100101 · Cited by 8
LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN ADOPTED FROM EASTERN EUROPEAN ORPHANAGES
Hough, S. D. (2005) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 7
Neural Processes Underlying Nonword Rhyme Differentiate Eventual Stuttering Persistence and Recovery
Wray, A. H., & Spray, G. J. (2020) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00320 · Cited by 6
“The current findings align with and extend previous findings indicating that performance on a nonword repetition task (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998) predicted eventual persistence in or recovery from stuttering in preschool-age CWS (Spencer & Weber-Fox, 2014).”
ResultGerwin, K. L., Walsh, B. M., & Tichenor, S. E. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00334 · Cited by 6
McGregor, K. K., Pomper, R., Eden, N. M., Appenzeller, M. C., Arbisi‐Kelm, T., Polese, E., & Reed, D. K. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00743 · Cited by 6
“…(Fisher et al., 2013), a measure of sustained visual attention; the back-ward digit span task from the Automated Working Memory Assessment (Alloway, 2007), a measure of verbal working memory; and the nonword repetition (NWR) task (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998), a measure of verbal short-term memory.”
Tittarelli, M., Marti, P., & Peppoloni, D. (2014) · Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/2639189.2670181 · Cited by 6
“At the beginning and the end of the experiment, the subjects involved in the study performed the verbal and nonverbal repetition test [3, 5], with the aim of checking their initial linguistic competence level and their possible improvement after the experimental activities.”
MethodAssociated comorbidities of specific language impairment
Mahmoud, S. H., Ghandour, H., Eldin, S., & Sallam, Y. A. N. (2018) · Benha Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/bmfj.bmfj_155_17 · Cited by 6
Vuolo, J. (2022) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699206.2022.2108724 · Cited by 6
Won, H., & Ha, S. (2022) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.22940 · Cited by 6
Calder, S. D., Visentin, D. C., Claessen, M., Hollingsworth, L., Ebbels, S. H., Smith‐Lock, K. M., & Leitão, S. (2023) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699206.2023.2236768 · Cited by 10
“For the second set, Cronbach’s alpha for the 90-item Total Score was .95, which is excellent.”
InfluentialArticulatory Behaviors of Nonnative Speakers: Role of L2 Proficiency and Accent Modification
Chakraborty, R., Domsch, C., & Gonzales, M. D. (2011) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/11.17.21.28.pms.113.4.311-330 · Cited by 8
La evaluación del lenguaje: orientaciones alternativas
Lara, E. M. (2010) · Revista de Logopedia Foniatría y Audiología · doi:10.1016/s0214-4603(10)70152-2 · Cited by 6
Nonword Repetition and Language Outcomes in Young Children Born Preterm
Gresch, L. D., Marchman, V. A., Loi, E. C., Fernald, A. E., & Feldman, H. M. (2018) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0217 · Cited by 7
Assessment and Intervention Guidelines for Service Delivery to Low-SES Children
Roseberry-McKibbin, C. (2007) · Perspectives on School-Based Issues · doi:10.1044/sbi8.3.4 · Cited by 6
Evans, P. D., Mueller, K., Gamazon, E. R., Cox, N. J., & Tomblin, J. B. (2015) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12223 · Cited by 6
“All children over eight years of age (n=287) also received the Nonword Repetition Task (NWR; Dollaghan & Campbell 1998).”
MethodKim, M.-J., & Ha, J.-W. (2019) · Communication Sciences & Disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.19591 · Cited by 5
“이는 3음절 이상(Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998) 5음절 이하(Hwang, 2015)에 서 대상 아동의 특성이 비단어 따라말하기 수행에 영향을 줄 수 있 다는 선행연구에 근거한 것이다.”
Children's Perception of Conversational and Clear American-English Vowels in Noise
Leone, D., & Levy, E. S. (2015) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-13-0285 · Cited by 6
“…intelligibility of speech in noise at the level of “acoustic-phonetic pattern activation,” nonsense words can be used, reducing higher-level contextual and wordfrequency effects (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Luce & Pisoni, 1998; Neuman & Hochberg, 1983; cf Vitevitch, Luce, Pisoni, & Auer, 1999).”
Kurvers, J., & van de Craats, I. (2007) · LESLLA Symposium Proceedings · doi:10.5281/zenodo.7992923 · Cited by 6
Specific Language Impairment: Processing Deficits in Linguistic, Cognitive, and Sensory Domains
Leonard, L. B., & Weber-Fox, C. M. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118432501.ch40 · Cited by 6
Montgomery, J. W., & Evans, J. L. (2006) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716406280391 · Cited by 6
Núñez, G., Buren, M. K., Bailey, T., & Crowley, C. (2024) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2024_ajslp-23-00172 · Cited by 5
Peter, B. (2017) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699206.2017.1375561 · Cited by 5
“NWR = Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing - Nonword Repetition subtest, NRT = Nonword Repetition Test, MSW = Catts’ (1986) Multisyllabic Word repetition task, WATT = Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement - Word Attack subtest.”
InfluentialSakhai, F., Darouie, A., Anderson, J. D., Kazemi, M. D., Golmohammadi, G., & Bakhshi, E. (2021) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105825 · Cited by 5
Exploring vowel errors produced in nonword repetition in children with speech and language disorders
Vuolo, J., & Gifford, T. L. (2024) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.13120 · Cited by 5
Predictors of sentence recall performance in children with and without DLD: Complexity matters
McDonald, J. L., & Oetting, J. B. (2024) · Journal of Child Language · doi:10.1017/s0305000924000345 · Cited by 5
“…(e.g., Leonard et al., 1992, 1999; Oetting et al., 2019, 2021; Vang Christensen & Hansson, 2012), pSTM (e.g., Delage & Frauenfelder, 2020; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; McDonald & Oetting, 2019; Montgomery & Evans, 2009) and WM (e.g., Frizelle & Fletcher, 2015; Ladányi & Lukács, 2019;…”
The impact of talker variability and individual differences on word learning in adults
Adas, S. A. E., Yen, I., & Levi, S. V. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149454 · Cited by 5
de Villiers, P. A., & de Villiers, J. G. (2012) · Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus · doi:10.5842/32-0-14 · Cited by 4
Wang, X., & Jiandan, H. (2016) · Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1515/cjal-2016-0022 · Cited by 5
“…various nonword repetition tasks, which found that children with SLI perform more poorly than their normal language peers (e.g., Archibald, 2008; Campbell, Dollaghan, Needleman & Janosky, 1997; Conti-Ramsden, 2003; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Ellis-Weismer, et al., 2000; Girbau & Schwartz, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialYim, D., Kim, S., Yoo, J., Lee, Y., Lee, S., & Chung, H. (2017) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.17394 · Cited by 5
“선행연구를 참고하여 정확한 발음과 경미한 왜곡은 정반응으로, 음절내의 음 소의 생략과 대치, 첨가는 오류로 처리하였다(Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Oh & Yim, 2013).”
InfluentialPolysyllabic shortening in speakers exposed to two languages
Gibson, T. A., & Summers, C. (2018) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728918000068 · Cited by 5
“English nonwords were taken from Dollaghan and Campbell (1998), and Spanish nonwords were adapted from Gutiérrez-Clellen and Simon-Cereijido (2010). English and Spanish nonwords were constructed to be similarly non-wordlike (i.”
MethodHayashi, K., & Takahashi, N. (2020) · Open Journal of Modern Linguistics · doi:10.4236/ojml.2020.102009 · Cited by 8
“For example, Dollaghan and Campbell (1998) have pointed to the constraints of audio memory among children with language development disorders, especially their weakness in memorizing consonants.”
BackgroundSpeech articulation assessment tools
Uberti, L. B., Portalete, C. R., Pagliarin, K. C., & Keske‐Soares, M. (2020) · Journal of Speech Sciences · doi:10.20396/joss.v8i1.14992 · Cited by 5
Öberg, L., & Bohnacker, U. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11060704 · Cited by 5
“…rable between languages, it is often deemed sufficient to assess NWR in bilingual children in only one of their languages, especially when quasi -universal nonword items are used (Boerma & Blom 2017 [18], 2021 [13]; Dollaghan & Campbell 1998 [19] ; Thordardottir & Brandeker 2013:, p. 3 [17]).”
BackgroundDispaldro, M. (2014) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.3109/02699206.2014.923940 · Cited by 5
“…(PPCR); the production of a NW was considered correct if children produced the phonemes in the same order as the target with no omissions (e.g. ‘‘bof’’ instead of ‘‘bofo’’) or substitutions (e.g. ‘‘boto’’ instead of ‘‘bofo’’) (additions and distortions were allowed) (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998).”
ResultKim, S., & Yim, D. (2015) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.15261 · Cited by 5
“이러한 음운적 작업기억을 평가하기 위한 대표적인 도구로는 비단어따라말하기를 들 수 있다(Archibald & Joanisse, 2009; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Gathercole, 2006).”
Neuroimaging of the Syllable Repetition Task in Children With Residual Speech Sound Disorder
Spencer, C. E., Vannest, J. J., Maas, E., Preston, J. L., Redle, E. E., Maloney, T., & Boyce, S. (2021) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00269 · Cited by 5
“2223–2233 • June 2021 NWR is sensitive to impairments in a range of speech and language disorders (Deevy et al., 2010; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Sasisekaran et al., 2010; Spencer & Weber-Fox, 2014), including SSD (Larrivee & Catts, 1999; Preston & Edwards, 2007).”
BackgroundPreston, J. L., Benway, N. R., Leece, M. C., & Caballero, N. F. (2021) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00108 · Cited by 5
Benham, S., & Goffman, L. (2021) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549507.2021.1975816 · Cited by 5
“…foundation for vocabulary acquisition—relates to working memory (e.g. Gathercole & Baddeley, 1990), motor planning and implementation skills (Krishnan et al., 2013; Vuolo & Goffman, 2020), as well as lexical and phonological organisation (Edwards & Lahey, 1998; Munson, Swenson, & Manthei, 2005).”
BackgroundPsycholinguistic profiling of children with sluggish cognitive tempo
Russell, K. M. H., Redmond, S. M., & Ash, A. C. (2022) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699206.2022.2092422 · Cited by 6
“…across independent investigations: tense-marking, nonword repetition, and sentence recall (Archibald & Joanisse, 2009; Bedore & Leonard, 1998; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Eisenberg & Guo, 2013; Krok & Leonard, 2015; Leclercq et al., 2014; Oetting et al., 2016; Ortiz, 2021; Pawlowska, 2014;…”
Rujas, I., Mariscal, S., Casla, M., Lázaro, M., & Murillo, E. (2017) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2017.69 · Cited by 5
Acquisition of phonology in child Icelandic Sign Language: Unique findings
Koulidobrova, E., & Ivanova, N. (2020) · Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America · doi:10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4697 · Cited by 5
“It turns out, just like the hearing children (Dollaghan & Campbell 1998; Gallon, Harris, & van der Lely 2007; Gathercole * We would like to thank our participants and assistants: children and their families, Deaf Association of Iceland, students, faculty and staff at the Solborg and Hlíðaskóli in…”
BackgroundDevelopment of semantic processes for academic language in foundation phase EAL learners
Jordaan, H. L. (2010) · South African Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.4102/sajcd.v57i1.48 · Cited by 5
Confirmatory factor analysis of the WPPSI for language‐impaired children
Ottem, E. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1046/j.1467-9450.2003.00364.x · Cited by 5
Ottem, E., & Jakobsen, U. (2004) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/0031383042000198549 · Cited by 5
“They, and others, have suggested that processing-dependent measures like the Nonword Repetition Task (Campbell et al., 1995; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Weismer et al., 2000) and the Competing Language Processing Task (Gaulin & Campbell, 1994) hold considerable promise for distinguishing between…”
BackgroundRodrigues, A., & Befi‐Lopes, D. M. (2009) · Cited by 5
A CVCV model of consonant cluster acquisition: Evidence from Greek
Sanoudaki, E. (2007) · Cited by 5
Evaluation of principles of motor learning in speech and non-speech-motor learning tasks
Kaipa, R. (2013) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/7855 · Cited by 5
Leonardi, M. M. V. (2016) · Bangor University Research Portal (Bangor University) · Cited by 5
Hancock, N., Redmond, S. M., Fox, A. B., Ash, A. C., & Hogan, T. P. (2025) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2025_ajslp-24-00052 · Cited by 5
Abdulkader, D. M. (2026) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2025_persp-25-00158 · Cited by 4
Bonvillian, J. D., Lee, N. K., Dooley, T. T., & Loncke, F. T. (2020) · Open Book Publishers · doi:10.11647/obp.0205 · Cited by 6
Gao, R., Yuen, J. T. W., Li, X. X., & To, C. K. S. (2023) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00426 · Cited by 4
Rowland, C. F., Bidgood, A., Jones, G., Jessop, A., Stinson, P., Pine, J. M., Durrant, S., & Peter, M. (2024) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12671 · Cited by 5
Performance in Nonword Repetition Tasks among Mandarin- English Bilingual Children in Malaysia
Woon, C. P., Yap, N. T., & Lim, H. W. (2020) · Pertanika journal of social science & humanities · doi:10.47836/pjssh.28.4.35 · Cited by 4
Graphic novel reading comprehension in Chinese children with developmental language disorder (DLD)
Wong, S. W. L., Li, W. O., & Cheung, A. (2022) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-022-10346-7 · Cited by 4
“As such, this reduces overall processing demand on verbal short-term memory, which is often impaired in this group (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Gathercole & Baddeley, 1990).”
BackgroundMelamed, T. C., Chalamalasetty, P., Ralph, Y. K., Berinhout, K., & Maguire, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105755 · Cited by 4
Parks, K. M. A., Cardy, J. O., & Joanisse, M. F. (2024) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12218 · Cited by 5
“The most used nonword repetition task is an adaptation of Dollaghan and Campbell's (1998) task, known as the NWR.”
MethodSolorio, T. (2013) · Language and Linguistics Compass · doi:10.1111/lnc3.12054 · Cited by 4
“These measures include non-word repetition (Campbell et al. 1997; Bishop et al. 1996; Dollaghan and Campbell 1998) and competing language processing tasks (Gaulin and Campbell 1994).”
Flagge, A. G., Estis, J. M., & Moore, R. E. (2016) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2016_jslhr-h-14-0317 · Cited by 4
Working Memory and Morphosyntax in Children with Specific (Primary) Language Impairment
Chávez, A., & Benavides, A. A. (2017) · Literacy studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53646-0_14 · Cited by 4
A perceptual study of cross-linguistic influence on vocal fry use in women exposed to two languages
Gibson, T. A., & Summers, C. (2018) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2018.1469600 · Cited by 4
Ramos, E., Suarez, M., Hart, K. C., & Graziano, P. A. (2019) · International Journal of Language & Linguistics · doi:10.30845/ijll.v6n2p1 · Cited by 4
Novel Word Recognition in Childhood Stuttering
Lescht, E., Venker, C. E., McHaney, J. R., Bohland, J. W., & Wray, A. H. (2022) · Topics in Language Disorders · doi:10.1097/tld.0000000000000271 · Cited by 4
The emergence of bifurcated structure in children’s language.
Nittrouer, S., Antonelli, J., & Lowenstein, J. H. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001245 · Cited by 4
Berglund-Barraza, A., Carey, S., Hart, J., Vanneste, S., & Evans, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2023_jslhr-21-00098 · Cited by 4
Polish Nonword Span (PNWSPAN): A new tool for measuring phonological loop capacity
Zychowicz, K., Biedroń, A., & Pawlak, M. (2018) · Glottodidactica · doi:10.14746/gl.2018.45.2.18 · Cited by 5
“Apart from the aforementioned tasks, a measure that is intended to capture the complex nature of the construct of the PL is the nonword repetition span task (Dollaghan & Campbell 1998; Gathercole 2006; Gathercole, Willis, Baddeley & Emslie 1994; Gathercole, Hitch, Service & Martin 1997).”
BackgroundSmith, M. K. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/1059879 · Cited by 4
Investigation of Turkish Nonword Repetition List for 3-9 Years Children
Acarlar, F. (2014) · Cited by 4
Keilmann, A., Braun, L., & Schöler, H. (2005) · HNO · Cited by 4
Phonological processing and speech production in preschoolers with speech sound disorders
Preston, J. L. (2008) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University) · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Dollaghan, C., & Campbell, T. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- ORCID
- Campbell, Thomas F.
- Venue
- Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1136-1146
- ISSN
- 1092-4388 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-9102
- OpenAlex
- W1986346898
- Cited by
- 1,006
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 12.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r29dc001858-05)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R29DC01858)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- non-word repetition, language impairment, children, language screening, likelihood ratios, language intervention, diagnostic test validity, language assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Language Disorders, Language Tests, Male, Phonetics, Speech Disorders
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