The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. RESULTS: In all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority). The rates of death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo. (Funded by Amylin Pharmaceuticals; EXSCEL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01144338 .).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It was then found that patients with diabetes and high cardiovascular risk that were treated with liraglutide and semaglutide, but not exenatide, had a lower risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke [66, 70, 71] and another GLP-1R agonist, dulaglutide, reduced major adverse cardiovascular events [72].”
From Dual and Triple Incretin-Based Co-agonists: Novel Therapeutics for Obesity and Diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as [71]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, lixisenatide and extended-release exenatide were not superior to placebo with respect to the primary end point of cardiovascular outcomes (265).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [265]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“No increased risk of heart failure hospitalization has been identified in the cardiovascular outcomes trials of the GLP-1 RAs lixisenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide once weekly, albiglutide, or dulaglutide compared with placebo (261,264,265,296,297).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [265]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Lixisenatide and extended-release exenatide were not superior to placebo with respect to the primary end point of cardiovascular outcomes (260) and therefore are not recommended for CVD risk reduction.”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [260]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Risk factors include metabolic syndrome, IFG, and IGT.638–640”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [640]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the citing paper
“the results demonstrated that dulaglutide effectively and safely improves glycaemic control in diabetic patients with advanced renal disease, with impact on HbA1c fluctuations comparable to basal insulin glargine therapy.”
From GLP-1 receptor agonists and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic kidney disease: state of the art (2022) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“These findings were confirmed in all categories of patients with CKD of varying severity (baseline eGFR >60 or <60 mL/min/1.73 m2).”
From GLP-1 receptor agonists and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic kidney disease: state of the art (2022) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“dulaglutide was more effective than insulin glargine in attenuating the decline in renal function (eGFR reduction of −1.1, −1.5 and −2.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the three groups, respectively)”
From GLP-1 receptor agonists and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic kidney disease: state of the art (2022) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“the authors did not observe any significant correlation between the variation of creatinine (whose serum concentrations are known to depend on the patient's muscle mass) of cystatin C (which is not influenced by muscle mass) and that of body weight.”
From GLP-1 receptor agonists and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic kidney disease: state of the art (2022) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“exenatide did not produce any significant improvement in eGFR decline and incidence of ESRD and renal-related death in the EXSCEL trial”
From GLP-1 receptor agonists and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic kidney disease: state of the art (2022) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“The results showed that exenatide is noninferior to placebo in terms of safety but is not superior in terms of efficacy in preventing MACEs.”
From GLP-1 receptor agonists and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic kidney disease: state of the art (2022) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“there were no statistically significant differences on the reduction of UACR.”
From GLP-1 receptor agonists and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic kidney disease: state of the art (2022) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“There were insufficient data to report a meta-analytic estimate for the frontotemporal dementia subtype (1 trial).39”
From Cardioprotective Glucose-Lowering Agents and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“In the EXSCEL trial of patients with T2DM in whom 73% had experienced a previous CV event, exenatide extended-release 2 mg once weekly showed non-inferiority but not superiority to placebo for the primary outcome of CV death, MI, and stroke.159”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [159]
In the citing paper
“Most GLP-1 RAs had a neutral effect on risk of HF hospitalization in the placebo-controlled RCTs assessing CV safety of glucose-lowering medications in patients with T2DM with or at high risk of ASCVD, despite increasing heart rate by 3-5 b.p.m. 70,72,158- 163,544”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [159]
In the citing paper
“GLP-1 RAs (lixisenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide ER, dulaglutide, efpeglenatide) have a neutral effect on the risk of HF hospitalization, and should be considered for glucose-lowering treatment in patients with T2DM at risk of or with HF. 70,158-164,545 IIa A”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [159]
In the citing paper
“EXSCEL (Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering Trial; n=14 752), found extended-release exenatide to be neutral for MACEs”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [225]
In the citing paper
“However, all-cause mortality was lower in the exenatide group (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.77 -0.97]).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [209]
In the citing paper
“The Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) trial also reported results with the once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist extended-release exenatide and found that major adverse cardiovascular events were numerically lower with use of extended-release exenatide compared with placebo, although this difference was not statistically signi fi cant (209).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [209]
In the citing paper
“The incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ signi fi cantly between the two groups.”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [209]
In the citing paper
“No increased risk of heart failure hospitalization has been identi fi ed in the cardiovascular outcomes trials of the GLP-1 receptor agonists lixisenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide once-weekly, albiglutide, or dulaglutide compared with placebo ( Table 10.3 B ) (203,204,207 -209).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [209]
In the citing paper
“However, two GLP-1 analogues tested in two studies demonstrated no advantage in influencing cardiovascular outcome.278,279”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [278]
In the citing paper
“In addition, several GLP-1RAs are approved for effective glucose lowering in patients with T2DM and improve cardiovascular outcomes.20,21”
From The cardioprotective effects of semaglutide exceed those of dietary weight loss in mice with HFpEF (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“In mechanistic studies, GLP-1RAs were shown to improve cardiac function in patients with T2DM.”
From The cardioprotective effects of semaglutide exceed those of dietary weight loss in mice with HFpEF (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Not all DPP4 inhibitors are associated with higher rates of HF (Table 8).16 -24,184-186”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“In these trials, GLP-1 receptor agonists had a neutral effect on the risk for HF hospitalization.”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J. M., Fitchett, D., Bluhmki, E., Hantel, S., Mattheus, M., Devins, T., Johansen, O. E., Woerle, H. J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1504720 · Cited by 12,315
Self-citationCanagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes
Neal, B., Perkovic, V., Mahaffey, K. W., de Zeeuw, D., Fulcher, G., Erondu, N., Shaw, W., Law, G., Desai, M., & Matthews, D. R. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1611925 · Cited by 7,830
Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Marso, S. P., Daniels, G. H., Brown-Frandsen, K., Kristensen, P., Mann, J. F. E., Nauck, M. A., Nissen, S. E., Pocock, S., Poulter, N. R., Ravn, L. S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1603827 · Cited by 7,629
Self-citationSemaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Marso, S. P., Bain, S. C., Consoli, A., Eliaschewitz, F. G., Jódar, E., Leiter, L. A., Lingvay, I., Rosenstock, J., Seufert, J., Warren, M. L., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1607141 · Cited by 6,900
Self-citationThe Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60484-9 · Cited by 5,125
Gupta, A., & Uribarri, J. (2016) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000444053 · Cited by 4,023
Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Scirica, B. M., Bhatt, D. L., Braunwald, E., Steg, P. G., Davidson, J., Hirshberg, B., Ohman, P., Frederich, R., Wiviott, S. D., Hoffman, E. B., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1307684 · Cited by 3,470
Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Green, J. B., Bethel, M. A., Armstrong, P. W., Buse, J. B., Engel, S. S., Garg, J., Josse, R., Kaufman, K. D., Koglin, J., Korn, S., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1501352 · Cited by 2,577
Self-citationAlogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes
White, W. B., Cannon, C. P., Heller, S. R., Nissen, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Bakris, G. L., Perez, A. T., Fleck, P. R., Mehta, C. R., Kupfer, S., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1305889 · Cited by 2,502
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 216
Doyle-Delgado, K., Chamberlain, J. J., Shubrook, J. H., Skolnik, N., & Trujillo, J. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-2470 · Cited by 111
10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s010 · Cited by 107
Diabetes and long-term outcomes of ischaemic stroke: findings from Get With The Guidelines-Stroke
Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Xu, H., Matsouaka, R. A., Xian, Y., Schwamm, L. H., Smith, E. E., Bhatt, D. L., Hernandez, A. F., Heidenreich, P. A., & Fonarow, G. C. (2018) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy036 · Cited by 103
Self-citationRuff, C. T., Baron, M., Im, K., O’Donoghue, M. L., Fiedorek, F. T., & Sabatine, M. S. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01584-3 · Cited by 102
Nauck, M. A., Tuttle, K. R., Tschöp, M. H., & Blüher, M. (2026) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)02105-1 · Cited by 123
GLP1 Receptor Agonists—Effects beyond Obesity and Diabetes
Wilbon, S. S., & Kolonin, M. G. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13010065 · Cited by 101
Cao, C., Yang, S., & Zhou, Z. (2019) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-019-02055-z · Cited by 99
Fudim, M., White, J., Pagidipati, N. J., Lokhnygina, Y., Wainstein, J., Murin, J., Iqbal, N., Öhman, P., Lopes, R. D., Reicher, B., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.119.041659 · Cited by 99
Self-citationZhang, Y., Jiang, L., Wang, J., Wang, T., Chien, C., Huang, W., Fu, X., Xiao, Y., Fu, Q., Wang, S., et al. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01676-5 · Cited by 96
Williams, S. A., Ostroff, R., Hinterberg, M. A., Coresh, J., Ballantyne, C. M., Matsushita, K., Mueller, C. E., Walter, J., Jonasson, C., Holman, R. R., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abj9625 · Cited by 97
Self-citationHelmstädter, J., Keppeler, K., Küster, L., Münzel, T., Daiber, A., & Steven, S. (2022) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15462 · Cited by 99
Clegg, L. E., Penland, R. C., Bachina, S., Boulton, D. W., Thuresson, M., Heerspink, H. J. L., Gustavson, S., Sjöström, C. D., Ruggles, J. A., Hernandez, A. F., et al. (2019) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-019-0942-x · Cited by 94
Self-citationIncretins in obesity and diabetes
Chia, C. W., & Egan, J. M. (2020) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14211 · Cited by 93
Nauck, M. A., Jensen, T. J., Rosenkilde, C., Calanna, S., Buse, J. B., & the LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1825 · Cited by 94
Self-citationSemaglutide: review and place in therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes
Goldenberg, R. M., & Steen, O. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.05.008 · Cited by 91
Goldenberg, R. M., Cheng, A. Y. Y., Fitzpatrick, T., Gilbert, J. D., Verma, S., & Hopyan, J. J. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.038151 · Cited by 82
Exendin-4 Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis via the AMPK-TXNIP Pathway
Wei, H., Bu, R., Yang, Q., Jia, J., Li, T., Wang, Q., & Chen, Y. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2019/8905917 · Cited by 91
Cardioprotective Glucose-Lowering Agents and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Seminer, A., Mulihano, A., O’Brien, C., Krewer, F., Costello, M., Judge, C., O’Donnell, M., & Reddin, C. (2025) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.0360 · Cited by 91
Chiang, C.-H., Jaroenlapnopparat, A., Colak, S. C., Yu, C.-C., Xanthavanij, N., Wang, T.-H., See, X. Y., Lo, S.-W., Ko, A., Chang, Y.-C., et al. (2025) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2025.06.003 · Cited by 105
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes: Their Use and Differential Features
Lyseng-Williamson, K. A. (2019) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-019-00826-0 · Cited by 87
Management of Obesity in Cardiovascular Practice
Després, J.-P., Carpentier, A. C., Tchernof, A., Neeland, I. J., & Poirier, P. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.05.035 · Cited by 87
Oellgaard, J., Gæde, P., Rossing, P., Rørth, R., Køber, L., Parving, H.-H., & Pedersen, O. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4642-y · Cited by 86
Choi, J. G., Winn, A. N., Skandari, M. R., Franco, M. I., Staab, E. M., Alexander, J., Wan, W., Zhu, M., Huang, E. S., Philipson, L., et al. (2022) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-2941 · Cited by 87
Self-citationBellastella, G., Maiorino, M. I., Longo, M., Scappaticcio, L., Chiodini, P., Esposito, K., & Giugliano, D. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.119.027557 · Cited by 83
McLean, B. A., Wong, C. K., Kabir, M. G., & Drucker, D. J. (2022) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101641 · Cited by 82
“Nevertheless, exendin-4based GLP-1RA such as exenatide and efpeglenatide reduce MACE events in human CVOTs, yet do not give rise to C-terminal cleavage products identical to those within the native GLP-1 sequence [21,49].”
BackgroundGarg, V., Verma, S., & Connelly, K. (2019) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.07.005 · Cited by 82
Lin, D. S.-H., Lee, J.-K., & Chen, W.-J. (2021) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05497-1 · Cited by 68
Maiorino, M. I., Longo, M., Scappaticcio, L., Bellastella, G., Chiodini, P., Esposito, K., & Giugliano, D. (2021) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-021-01401-8 · Cited by 72
Romera, I., Cebrián-Cuenca, A., Álvarez-Guisasola, F., Gomez-Peralta, F., & Reviriego, J. (2019) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-018-0535-9 · Cited by 77
Al-Salameh, A., Chanson, P., Bucher, S., Ringa, V., & Becquemont, L. (2019) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.007 · Cited by 77
Zheng, D., Li, N., Hou, R., Zhang, X., Wu, L., Sundquist, J., Sundquist, K., & Ji, J. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02753-6 · Cited by 74
The cardioprotective effects of semaglutide exceed those of dietary weight loss in mice with HFpEF
Withaar, C., Meems, L. M. G., Nollet, E. E., Schouten, E. M., Schroeder, M. A., Knudsen, L. B., Niss, K., Madsen, C. T., Hoegl, A., Mazzoni, G., et al. (2023) · JACC: Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.05.012 · Cited by 74
Konig, M., Riddle, M. C., Colhoun, H. M., Branch, K. R., Atisso, C. M., Lakshmanan, M. C., Mody, R., Raha, S., & Gerstein, H. C. (2021) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-021-01386-4 · Cited by 73
Eleftheriadou, A., Riley, D., Zhao, S. S., Austin, P., Hernández, G., Lip, G. Y. H., Jackson, T. L., Wilding, J. P. H., & Alam, U. (2024) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06132-5 · Cited by 73
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and the risk of incident diabetic retinopathy
Douros, A., Filion, K. B., Yin, H., Yu, O. H., Etminan, M., Udell, J. A., & Azoulay, L. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-2280 · Cited by 70
How glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists work
Andreasen, C. R., Andersen, A., Knop, F. K., & Vilsbøll, T. (2021) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-21-0130 · Cited by 71
GLP-1 agonist to treat obesity and prevent cardiovascular disease: what have we achieved so far
Pedrosa, M. R., Franco, D. R., Gieremek, H. W., Vidal, C. M., Bronzeri, F., de Cassia Rocha, A., de Carvalho Cara, L. G., Fogo, S. L., & Eliaschewitz, F. G. (2022) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-022-01062-2 · Cited by 68
Ribeiro-Silva, J. C., Tavares, C. A. M., & Girardi, A. C. C. (2023) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2023.102355 · Cited by 71
Switching Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Rationale and Practical Guidance
Almandoz, J. P., Lingvay, I., Morales, J., & Campos, C. (2020) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd19-0100 · Cited by 74
Nauck, M. A., Muus Ghorbani, M. L., Kreiner, E., Saevereid, H. A., Buse, J. B., & the LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-0415 · Cited by 69
Self-citationGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and cardiovascular disease
Heimbürger, S. M., Bergmann, N. C., Augustin, R., Gasbjerg, L. S., Christensen, M. B., & Knop, F. K. (2020) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170174 · Cited by 67
Standl, E., Stevens, S. R., Lokhnygina, Y., Bethel, M. A., Buse, J. B., Gustavson, S. M., Maggioni, A. P., Mentz, R. J., Hernandez, A. F., & Holman, R. R. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1079 · Cited by 65
Self-citationRecent advances in understanding the role of glucagon-like peptide 1
Reed, J., Bain, S., & Kanamarlapudi, V. (2020) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.20602.1 · Cited by 66
Ferreira, J. P., Saraiva, F., Sharma, A., Vasques‐Nóvoa, F., Angélico‐Gonçalves, A., Leite, A. R., Borges‐Canha, M., Carvalho, D., Packer, M., Zannad, F., et al. (2023) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14997 · Cited by 65
Weng, W., Tian, Y., Kong, S. X., Ganguly, R., Hersloev, M., Brett, J., & Hobbs, T. (2019) · Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.76 · Cited by 65
Yoshida, Y., Joshi, P., Barri, S., Wang, J., Corder, A. L., O'Connell, S. S., & Fonseca, V. A. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108255 · Cited by 65
Landgraf, R., Aberle, J., Birkenfeld, A. L., Gallwitz, B., Kellerer, M., Klein, H., Müller-Wieland, D., Nauck, M. A., Reuter, H.-M., & Siegel, E. (2019) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1018-9106 · Cited by 62
Handelsman, Y., Anderson, J. E., Bakris, G. L., Ballantyne, C. M., Beckman, J. A., Bhatt, D. L., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Bozkurt, B., Budoff, M. J., Butler, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108101 · Cited by 64
Le, R., Nguyen, M. T., Allahwala, M. A., Psaltis, J. P., Marathe, C. S., Marathe, J. A., & Psaltis, P. J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13164674 · Cited by 66
Ramsey, D. J., Makwana, B., Dani, S. S., Patel, M., Panchal, K., Shah, J., Khadke, S., Kumar, A., Patel, T., Kosiborod, M. N., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.26321 · Cited by 63
Dual and Triple Incretin-Based Co-agonists: Novel Therapeutics for Obesity and Diabetes
Gutgesell, R. M., Nogueiras, R., Tschöp, M. H., & Müller, T. D. (2024) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-024-01566-x · Cited by 61
“Created by BioRender.com liraglutide and semaglutide, but not exenatide, had a lower risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke [66, 70, 71] and another GLP-1R agonist, dulaglutide, reduced major adverse cardiovascular events [72].”
BackgroundEffect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes
Zobel, E. H., Ripa, R. S., von Scholten, B. J., Rotbain Curovic, V., Kjaer, A., Hansen, T. W., Rossing, P., & Størling, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97967-0 · Cited by 59
Granata, A., Maccarrone, R., Anzaldi, M., Leonardi, G., Pesce, F., Amico, F., Gesualdo, L., & Corrao, S. (2022) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfac069 · Cited by 54
Yang, X., Qiang, Q., Li, N., Feng, P., Wei, W., & Hölscher, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.844697 · Cited by 58
GLP-1 and Underlying Beneficial Actions in Alzheimer’s Disease, Hypertension, and NASH
Li, Q.-X., Gao, H., Guo, Y.-X., Wang, B.-Y., Hua, R.-X., Gao, L., Shang, H.-W., Lu, X., & Xu, J.-D. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.721198 · Cited by 56
Lower extremity artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Buso, G., Aboyans, V., & Mazzolai, L. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487319880044 · Cited by 48
GLP-1 receptor agonist-based therapies and cardiovascular risk: a review of mechanisms
Mullur, N., Morissette, A., Morrow, N. M., & Mulvihill, E. E. (2024) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-24-0046 · Cited by 51
Maskery, M. P., Holscher, C., Jones, S. P., Price, C. I., Strain, W. D., Watkins, C. L., Werring, D. J., & Emsley, H. C. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x20952011 · Cited by 51
Ebrahimi, P., Batlle, J. C., Ayati, A., Maqsood, M. H., Long, C., Tarabanis, C., McGowan, N., Liebers, D. T., Laynor, G., Hosseini, K., et al. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0091 · Cited by 51
Bertoccini, L., & Baroni, M. G. (2020) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2020_494 · Cited by 49
Xie, Z., Hu, J., Gu, H., Li, M., & Chen, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1244432 · Cited by 47
Jain, A. B., Kanters, S., Khurana, R., Kissock, J., Severin, N., & Stafford, S. G. (2021) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-020-00984-x · Cited by 47
Benn, M., Emanuelsson, F., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2021) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05436-0 · Cited by 41
Liakos, C. I., Papadopoulos, D. P., Sanidas, E. A., Markou, M. I., Hatziagelaki, E. E., Grassos, C. A., Velliou, M. L., & Barbetseas, J. D. (2021) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-020-00423-z · Cited by 43
The role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing type 2 diabetes
Nachawi, N., Rao, P. P., & Makin, V. (2022) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.89a.21110 · Cited by 45
Mali, G., Ahuja, V., & Dubey, K. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/jcpt.13259 · Cited by 44
Hu, E.-H., Tsai, M.-L., Lin, Y., Chou, T.-S., & Chen, T.-H. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60030357 · Cited by 43
Gorenek, B., Boriani, G., Dan, G.-A., Fauchier, L., Fenelon, G., Huang, H., Kudaiberdieva, G., Lip, G. Y. H., Mahajan, R., Potpara, T., et al. (2018) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euy051 · Cited by 43
Bethel, M. A., Patel, R. A., Thompson, V. P., Merrill, P., Reed, S. D., Li, Y., Ahmadi, S., Katona, B. G., Gustavson, S. M., Ohman, P., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-2028 · Cited by 43
Self-citationGLP-1R Signaling and Functional Molecules in Incretin Therapy
Wan, W., Qin, Q., Xie, L., Zhang, H., Wu, F., Stevens, R. C., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28020751 · Cited by 44
Love, K. M., Liu, J., Regensteiner, J. G., Reusch, J. E. B., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13045 · Cited by 40
Yoshiji, S., Minamino, H., Tanaka, D., Yamane, S., Harada, N., & Inagaki, N. (2022) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14666 · Cited by 40
Lee, M. M. Y., Kristensen, S. L., Gerstein, H. C., McMurray, J. J. V., & Sattar, N. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102382 · Cited by 37
Balogh, D. B., Wagner, L. J., & Fekete, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24097789 · Cited by 38
Fang, Z., Chen, S., Pickford, P., Broichhagen, J., Hodson, D. J., Corrêa, I. R., Kumar, S., Görlitz, F., Dunsby, C., French, P. M. W., et al. (2020) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00022 · Cited by 38
Masson, W., Lavalle-Cobo, A., Lobo, M., Masson, G., & Molinero, G. (2021) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa074 · Cited by 37
van der Aart‐van der Beek, A. B., Clegg, L. E., Penland, R. C., Boulton, D. W., Sjöström, C. D., Mentz, R. J., Holman, R. R., & Heerspink, H. J. L. (2020) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14175 · Cited by 37
Self-citationWu, T., Zhang, Y., Shi, Y., Yu, K., Zhao, M., Liu, S., & Zhao, Z. (2022) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-022-01202-1 · Cited by 38
Joo, J. H., Sharma, N., Shaia, J., Wu, A. K., Skugor, M., Singh, R. P., & Rachitskaya, A. V. (2024) · Ophthalmology Science · doi:10.1016/j.xops.2024.100547 · Cited by 37
Pérez-Belmonte, L. M., Sanz-Cánovas, J., García de Lucas, M. D., Ricci, M., Avilés-Bueno, B., Cobos-Palacios, L., Pérez-Velasco, M. A., López-Sampalo, A., Bernal-López, M. R., Jansen-Chaparro, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.851035 · Cited by 35
Hosseinpour, A., Sood, A., Kamalpour, J., Zandi, E., Pakmehr, S., Hosseinpour, H., Sood, A., Agrawal, A., & Gupta, R. (2024) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.24314 · Cited by 40
Arredouani, A. (2025) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108824 · Cited by 36
Cracking the combination: Gut hormones for the treatment of obesity and diabetes
Alexiadou, K., Anyiam, O., & Tan, T. (2019) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12664 · Cited by 34
Cromer, S. J., Lauffenburger, J. C., Levin, R., & Patorno, E. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-0383 · Cited by 36
Dagenais, G. R., Rydén, L., Leiter, L. A., Lakshmanan, M., Dyal, L., Probstfield, J. L., Atisso, C. M., Shaw, J. E., Conget, I., Cushman, W. C., et al. (2020) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01179-1 · Cited by 35
Morieri, M. L., Rigato, M., Frison, V., Simioni, N., D'Ambrosio, M., Tadiotto, F., Paccagnella, A., Lapolla, A., Avogaro, A., & Fadini, G. P. (2020) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154190 · Cited by 31
Dong, S., & Sun, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1032199 · Cited by 37
Nreu, B., Dicembrini, I., Tinti, F., Mannucci, E., & Monami, M. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108087 · Cited by 32
Harrington, J. L., de Albuquerque Rocha, N., Patel, K. V., Verma, S., & McGuire, D. K. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1035-z · Cited by 32
Yaribeygi, H., Farrokhi, F. R., Abdalla, M. A., Sathyapalan, T., Banach, M., Jamialahmadi, T., & Sahebkar, A. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2021/6518221 · Cited by 31
Incretins and cardiovascular disease: to the heart of type 2 diabetes?
Solini, A., Tricò, D., & Del Prato, S. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-05973-w · Cited by 32
Alexiadou, K., Hartley, A., Tan, T. M.-M., & Khamis, R. (2024) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2024.03.003 · Cited by 31
Tsapas, A., Karagiannis, T., Avgerinos, I., Liakos, A., & Bekiari, E. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108921 · Cited by 29
Lee, T.-W., Lee, T.-I., Lin, Y.-K., Chen, Y.-C., Kao, Y.-H., & Chen, Y.-J. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-020-03648-y · Cited by 27
Wharton, S., Rosenstock, J., Konige, M., Lin, Y., Duffin, K., Wilson, J., Banerjee, H., Pirro, V., Kazda, C., & Mather, K. (2025) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-02781-x · Cited by 26
Tobaiqy, M. (2024) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1007/s43440-024-00629-x · Cited by 25
Cardiovascular Effects of Different GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Bahtiyar, G., Pujals-Kury, J., & Sacerdote, A. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1043-z · Cited by 24
Goldenberg, R. M., Ahooja, V., Clemens, K. K., Gilbert, J. D., Poddar, M., & Verma, S. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.09.005 · Cited by 23
Lecis, D., Prandi, F. R., Barone, L., Belli, M., Sergi, D., Longo, S., Muscoli, S., Romeo, F., Federici, M., Lerakis, S., et al. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13121695 · Cited by 23
Fauchier, L., Boriani, G., de Groot, J. R., Kreutz, R., Rossing, P., & Camm, A. J. (2021) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euab184 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Holman, R. R., Bethel, M. A., Mentz, R. J., Thompson, V. P., Lokhnygina, Y., Buse, J. B., Chan, J. C., Choi, J., Gustavson, S. M., Iqbal, N., Maggioni, A. P., Marso, S. P., Öhman, P., Pagidipati, N. J., Poulter, N., Ramachandran, A., Zinman, B., & Hernandez, A. F.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2017-09-28
- Volume
- 377
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1228-1239
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC9792409
- OpenAlex
- W2754041380
- Cited by
- 2,162
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 166 · 2025: 215 · 2024: 231 · 2023: 199 · 2022: 226 · 2021: 273 · 2020: 298 · 2019: 257 · 2018: 253 · 2017: 42
- FWCI
- 183.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center) (submittedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (University of Udine) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5t32hl069749-20)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32-HL069749)
- Duke Clinical Research Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- exenatide, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular outcomes, major adverse cardiovascular events, GLP-1 receptor agonists, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, acute coronary syndrome, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, non-inferiority
- MeSH terms
- Exenatide, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Injections, Subcutaneous, Male, Middle Aged, Peptides, Venoms, Incidence, Least-Squares Analysis, Kaplan-Meier Estimate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
