Pulse accumulation, radial heat conduction, and anisotropic thermal conductivity in pump-probe transient thermoreflectance
Abstract
The relationship between pulse accumulation and radial heat conduction in pump-probe transient thermoreflectance (TTR) is explored. The results illustrate how pulse accumulation allows TTR to probe two thermal length scales simultaneously. In addition, the conditions under which radial transport effects are important are described. An analytical solution for anisotropic heat flow in layered structures is given, and a method for measuring both cross-plane and in-plane thermal conductivities of thermally anisotropic thin films is described. As verification, the technique is used to extract the cross-plane and in-plane thermal conductivities of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Results are found to be in good agreement with literature values.
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TDTR has been applied to measure materials with thermal conductivity values ranging from about 2000 W m−1 K−1 (e.g., diamond and graphite) to as low as 0.03 W m−1 K−1 (e.g., disordered WSe2 films).
“In particular, time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) technique has been applied for measuring materials with thermal conductivity values ranging from a high end at ~2000 W m -1 K -1 (like diamond 36 and graphite 24, 37 ) to as low as 0.03 W m -1 K -1 (e.g., disordered WSe2 films 26 ).”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Over the past two decades, TDTR has emerged and evolved as a reliable, powerful, and versatile technique to measure thermal properties of a wide range of bulk and thin film materials and their interfaces.
“Over the past two decades, ultrafast laser-based time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) has emerged and evolved as a reliable, powerful, and versatile technique to measure the thermal properties of a wide range of bulk and thin film materials and their interfaces.”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
The transient thermoreflectance technique can be implemented as both the TDTR method and the frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) method.
“The transient thermoreflectance technique can be implemented as both the TDTR method 22, 24, 25 and the frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) method 93, 94 (see Section III(A) for more details of FDTR).”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Schmidt further extended the model for anisotropic heat conduction where thin films are very likely anisotropic due to the size effect of energy carriers.
“Schmidt 24 further extended the model for anisotropic heat conduction where thin films are very likely anisotropic due to the size effect of energy carriers.”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Schmidt, A. J., Chen, X., & Chen, G.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2008-11-01
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 114902-114902
- ISSN
- 0034-6748 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7623
- OpenAlex
- W2025194570
- Cited by
- 655
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 9.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Review of Scientific Instruments (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Defense
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
- Keywords
- transient thermoreflectance, pulse accumulation, radial heat conduction, anisotropic thermal conductivity, through-plane thermal conductivity, in-plane thermal conductivity, thin films, layered structure, pyrolytic graphite, analytical solution
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