A frequency-domain thermoreflectance method for the characterization of thermal properties
Abstract
A frequency-domain thermoreflectance method for measuring the thermal properties of homogenous materials and submicron thin films is described. The method can simultaneously determine the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of a sample, provided the thermal diffusivity is ≳3×10−6 m2/s, and can also simultaneously measure in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities, as well the thermal boundary conductance between material layers. Two implementations are discussed, one based on an ultrafast pulsed laser system and one based on continuous-wave lasers. The theory of the method and an analysis of its sensitivity to various thermal properties are given, along with results from measurements of several standard materials over a wide range of thermal diffusivities. We obtain specific heats and thermal conductivities in good agreement with literature values, and also obtain the in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities for crystalline quartz.
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The transient thermoreflectance technique can be implemented as both the TDTR method and the frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) method.
“The transient thermoreflectance technique can be implemented as both the TDTR method 22, 24, 25 and the frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) method 93, 94 (see Section III(A) for more details of FDTR).”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [93]
By holding the delay stage at a fixed location, an ultrafast-laser-based TDTR can also be implemented as FDTR.
“By holding the delay stage at a fixed location, an ultrafast-laser-based TDTR can also be implemented as FDTR. 93”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [93]
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Electro-thermal co-design of β -(AlxGa1-x)2O3/Ga2O3 modulation doped field effect transistors
Chatterjee, B., Song, Y., Lundh, J. S., Zhang, Y., Xia, Z., Islam, Z., Leach, J. H., McGray, C. D., Ranga, P., Krishnamoorthy, S., et al. (2020) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0021275 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Intrinsically thermally conductive polymers
Roy, R., Stevens, K. C., Treaster, K. A., Sumerlin, B. S., McGaughey, A. J. H., Malen, J. A., & Evans, A. M. (2024) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/d3mh01796f · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Actively and reversibly controlling thermal conductivity in solid materials
Liu, C., Wu, C. J., Zhao, Y., Chen, Z., Ren, T., Chen, Y., & Zhang, G. (2024) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Minimum thermal conductivity considerations in aerogel thin films
Hopkins, P. E., Kaehr, B., Piekos, E. S., Dunphy, D. R., & Brinker, C. J. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4729325 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Heat Transport Control and Thermal Characterization of Low-Dimensional Materials: A Review
Sachat, A. E., Alzina, F., Torres, C. M. S., & Chávez‐Ángel, E. (2021) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano11010175 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
High Thermal Conductivity of Sandwich‐Structured Flexible Thermal Interface Materials
Jing, L., Cheng, R., Tasoglu, M., Wang, Z., Wang, Q., Zhai, H., Shen, S., Cohen‐Karni, T., Garg, R., & Lee, I. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202207015 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
High thermal conductivity and ultrahigh thermal boundary conductance of homoepitaxial AlN thin films
Alvarez, G. A., Page, R., Hu, R., Xing, H. G., Jena, D., & Tian, Z. (2022) · APL Materials · doi:10.1063/5.0078155 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Ziade, E. (2020) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/5.0021917 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Thermal boundary conductance across epitaxial metal/sapphire interfaces
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Jiang, P., Wang, D., Xiang, Z., Yang, R., & Ban, H. (2022) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.122849 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ferroelectric Domain Wall Engineering Enables Thermal Modulation in PMN–PT Single Crystals
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Spatially localized measurement of thermal conductivity using a hybrid photothermal technique
Hua, Z., Ban, H., Khafizov, M., Schley, R., Kennedy, R., & Hurley, D. H. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4716474 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Heat conduction of electrons and phonons in thermal interface materials
Zhao, Y., Zeng, X., Ren, L., Xia, X., Zeng, X., & Zhou, J. (2021) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/d0qm01136c · Cited by 45 · see citing works
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Role of low-energy phonons with mean-free-paths &gt;0.8 <i>μ</i>m in heat conduction in silicon
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Kapitza thermal resistance studied by high-frequency photothermal radiometry
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- Authors
- Schmidt, A. J., Cheaito, R., & Chiesa, M.
- Affiliations
- Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (AE)
- Venue
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2009-09-01
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 094901-094901
- ISSN
- 0034-6748 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7623
- OpenAlex
- W2036784309
- Cited by
- 543
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Review of Scientific Instruments (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Mechanical and Thermal Properties Analysis
- Keywords
- frequency-domain thermoreflectance, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, through-plane thermal conductivity, in-plane thermal conductivity, thermal boundary conductance, crystalline quartz, thermal properties measurement
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