Why I am optimistic about the silicon-photonic route to quantum computing
Open accessAbstract
This is a short overview explaining how building a large-scale, silicon-photonic quantum computer has been reduced to the creation of good sources of 3-photon entangled states (and may simplify further). Given such sources, each photon needs to pass through a small, constant, number of components, interfering with at most 2 other spatially nearby photons, and current photonics engineering has already demonstrated the manufacture of thousands of components on two-dimensional semiconductor chips with performance that, once scaled up, allows the creation of tens of thousands of photons entangled in a state universal for quantum computation. At present the fully integrated, silicon-photonic architecture we envisage involves creating the required entangled states by starting with single-photons produced non-deterministically by pumping silicon waveguides (or cavities) combined with on-chip filters and nanowire superconducting detectors to herald that a photon has been produced. These sources are multiplexed into being near-deterministic, and the single photons then passed through an interferometer to non-deterministically produce small entangled states—necessarily multiplexed to near-determinism again. This is followed by a “ballistic” scattering of the small-scale entangled photons through an interferometer such that some photons are detected, leaving the remainder in a large-scale entangled state which is provably universal for quantum computing implemented by single-photon measurements. There are a large number of questions regarding the optimum ways to make and use the final cluster state, dealing with static imperfections, constructing the initial entangled photon sources and so on, that need to be investigated before we can aim for millions of qubits capable of billions of computational time steps. The focus in this article is on the theoretical side of such questions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This technology has seen enormous progress in recent years, and may offer a realistic approach to realizing the complex circuits needed for scalable photonic quantum computing and quantum networks.
“This technology has seen enormous progress in recent years, [8][9][10][11] and may offer a realistic approach to realizing the complex circuits needed for scalable photonic quantum computing and quantum networks.12”
From Integrated-optics heralded controlled-NOT gate for polarization-encoded qubits (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Quantum photonics is an attractive platform for QIP: it has room temperature operation, the possibility of robust miniaturisation through photonic integrated circuits; in general it harnesses the highly developed optical fibre-related technology for QIP purposes.
“This is an attractive platform for QIP: it has room temperature operation, the possibility of robust miniaturisation through photonic integrated circuits; in general it harnesses the highly developed optical fibre-related technology for QIP purposes.38”
From Quantum generalisation of feedforward neural networks (2017) · cites this paper as [38]
Conventionally phase shifters built upon the electro-optic effect are known to work in the megahertz region and have extremely low loss.
“Conventionally phase shifters built upon the electro-optic effect are known to work in the megahertz region and have extremely low loss.38”
From Quantum generalisation of feedforward neural networks (2017) · cites this paper as [38]
This circuit can be made more robust and miniaturised using silicon or silica optical waveguides.
“This circuit can be made more robust and miniaturised using silicon or silica optical waveguides.38”
From Quantum generalisation of feedforward neural networks (2017) · cites this paper as [38]
Cites
Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search
Silver, D., Huang, A., Maddison, C. J., Guez, A., Sifre, L., van den Driessche, G., Schrittwieser, J., Antonoglou, I., Panneershelvam, V., Lanctot, M., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16961 · Cited by 15,612 · see citing works
A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics
Knill, E., Laflamme, R., & Milburn, G. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35051009 · Cited by 5,880 · see citing works
Raussendorf, R., & Briegel, H. J. (2001) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.5188 · Cited by 4,477 · see citing works
Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference
Hong, C. K., Ou, Z. Y., & Mandel, L. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.59.2044 · Cited by 4,369 · see citing works
Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation
Fowler, A. G., Mariantoni, M., Martinis, J. M., & Cleland, A. N. (2012) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.86.032324 · Cited by 3,059 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, in [1], the authors calculate it requires 2×105 matter qubits with a raw error rate of 10−3 (as well as many thousands of gates and measurements etc) to achieve a magic state [2] with stochastic error rate of 3× 10−6.”
BackgroundA high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor
Liu, A., Jones, R., Liao, L., Samara-Rubio, D. A., Rubin, D., Cohen, O. M., Nicolaescu, R., & Paniccia, M. J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02310 · Cited by 1,554 · see citing works
Universal quantum computation with ideal Clifford gates and noisy ancillas
Bravyi, S., & Kitaev, A. (2005) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.71.022316 · Cited by 1,525 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, with magic state injection techniques [2] the measurements need only be Pauli-X and Z basis measurements, and the whole tree structure is designed to allow inference of these outcomes counterfactually when a photon is lost.”
BackgroundA review of lithium niobate modulators for fiber-optic communications systems
Wooten, E. L., Kissa, K. M., Yi-Yan, A., Murphy, E. J., Lafaw, D. A., Hallemeier, P. F., Maack, D., Attanasio, D. V., Fritz, D. J., McBrien, G. J., et al. (2000) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/2944.826874 · Cited by 1,330 · see citing works
Single-chip microprocessor that communicates directly using light
Sun, C., Wade, M. T., Lee, Y., Orcutt, J. S., Alloatti, L., Georgas, M. S., Waterman, A. S., Shainline, J. M., Avizienis, R. R., Lin, S., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16454 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
Large-scale nanophotonic phased array
Sun, J., Timurdogan, E., Yaacobi, A., Hosseini, E. S., & Watts, M. R. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11727 · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works
Detecting single infrared photons with 93% system efficiency
Marsili, F., Verma, V. B., Stern, J. A., Harrington, S. D., Lita, A. E., Gerrits, T., Vayshenker, I., Baek, B., Shaw, M. D., Mirin, R. P., et al. (2013) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.13 · Cited by 1,207 · see citing works
Silica-on-silicon waveguide quantum circuits
Politi, A., Cryan, M. J., Rarity, J. G., Yu, S., & O'Brien, J. L. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1155441 · Cited by 1,084 · see citing works
Randomized benchmarking of quantum gates
Knill, E., Leibfried, D., Reichle, R., Britton, J., Blakestad, R. B., Jost, J. D., Langer, C., Ozeri, R., Seidelin, S., & Wineland, D. J. (2008) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.77.012307 · Cited by 1,019 · see citing works
The computational complexity of linear optics
Aaronson, S., & Arkhipov, A. (2011) · Proceedings of the forty-third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing · doi:10.1145/1993636.1993682 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Resource-Efficient Linear Optical Quantum Computation
Browne, D. E., & Rudolph, T. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.010501 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
Self-citationSimplifying quantum logic using higher-dimensional Hilbert spaces
Lanyon, B. P., Barbieri, M., de Almeida, M. P., Jennewein, T. D., Ralph, T. C., Resch, K. J., Pryde, G. J., O’Brien, J. L., Gilchrist, A., & White, A. G. (2008) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1150 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Induced coherence and indistinguishability in optical interference
Zou, X. Y., Wang, L. J., & Mandeļ, L. (1991) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.67.318 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Topological fault-tolerance in cluster state quantum computation
Raussendorf, R., Harrington, J., & Goyal, K. (2007) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/199 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
All-photonic quantum repeaters
Azuma, K., Tamaki, K., & Lo, H.-K. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7787 · Cited by 583 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It forms the basis of a recent quantum repeater proposal [64].”
BackgroundOn-chip quantum interference between silicon photon-pair sources
Silverstone, J. W., Bonneau, D., Ohira, K., Suzuki, N., Yoshida, H., Iizuka, N., Ezaki, M., Natarajan, C. M., Tanner, M. G., Hadfield, R. H., et al. (2013) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.339 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Experimental entanglement purification of arbitrary unknown states
Pan, J.-W., Gasparoni, S., Ursin, R., Weihs, G., & Zeilinger, A. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01623 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detector at telecommunication wavelengths
Divochiy, A., Marsili, F., Bitauld, D., Gaggero, A., Leoni, R., Mattioli, F., Korneev, A., Seleznev, V., Kaurova, N., Minaeva, O., et al. (2008) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2008.51 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
A fault-tolerant one-way quantum computer
Raussendorf, R., Harrington, J., & Goyal, K. (2006) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2006.01.012 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Generation of correlated photons in nanoscale silicon waveguides
Sharping, J. E., Lee, K. F., Foster, M. A., Turner, A. C., Schmidt, B. S., Lipson, M. F., Gaeta, A. L., & Kumar, P. (2006) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.14.012388 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Silverstone, J. W., Bonneau, D., O’Brien, J. L., & Thompson, M. G. (2016) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/jstqe.2016.2573218 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Towards high-speed optical quantum memories
Reim, K. F., Nunn, J., Lorenz, V. O., Sussman, B., Lee, K. C., Langford, N. K., Jaksch, D., & Walmsley, I. A. (2010) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.30 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Proposal for Pulsed On-Demand Sources of Photonic Cluster State Strings
Lindner, N. H., & Rudolph, T. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.113602 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationOn-chip detection of non-classical light by scalable integration of single-photon detectors
Najafi, F., Mower, J., Harris, N. C., Bellei, F., Dane, A., Lee, C., Hu, X., Kharel, P., Marsili, F., Assefa, S., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6873 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Tailoring single-photon and multiphoton probabilities of a single-photon on-demand source
Migdall, A. L., Branning, D. A., & Castelletto, S. (2002) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.66.053805 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Integrated spatial multiplexing of heralded single-photon sources
Collins, M. J., Xiong, C., Rey, I. H., Vo, T. D., He, J., Shahnia, S., Reardon, C. P., Krauss, T. F., Steel, M. J., Clark, A. S., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3582 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Micrometer-scale integrated silicon source of time-energy entangled photons
Grassani, D., Azzini, S., Liscidini, M., Galli, M., Strain, M. J., Sorel, M., Sipe, J. E., & Bajoni, D. (2015) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.2.000088 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Novel Schemes for Measurement-Based Quantum Computation
Gross, D., & Eisert, J. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.220503 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Varnava, M., Browne, D. E., & Rudolph, T. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.060502 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citationUltra-low-loss optical delay line on a silicon chip
Lee, H., Chen, T., Li, J., Painter, O. J., & Vahala, K. J. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1876 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Arbitrarily complete Bell-state measurement using only linear optical elements
Grice, W. P. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.84.042331 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Nickerson, N., Li, Y., & Benjamin, S. C. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2773 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Nickerson, N., Fitzsimons, J. F., & Benjamin, S. C. (2014) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.4.041041 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Multimode quantum interference of photons in multiport integrated devices
Peruzzo, A., Laing, A., Politi, A., Rudolph, T., & O'Brien, J. L. (2011) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1228 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom Three-Photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger States to Ballistic Universal Quantum Computation
Gimeno-Segovia, M., Shadbolt, P., Browne, D. E., & Rudolph, T. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.115.020502 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationLoss Tolerance in One-Way Quantum Computation via Counterfactual Error Correction
Varnava, M., Browne, D. E., & Rudolph, T. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.120501 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citation3/4 -Efficient Bell Measurement with Passive Linear Optics and Unentangled Ancillae
Ewert, F., & van Loock, P. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.140403 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Enhanced Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing in d -Level Systems
Campbell, E. T. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.230501 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Material platforms for integrated quantum photonics
Bogdanov, S., Shalaginov, M. Y., Boltasseva, A., & Shalaev, V. M. (2017) · Optical Materials Express · doi:10.1364/ome.7.000111 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Ultralow-loss, high-density SOI optical waveguide routing for macrochip interconnects
Li, G., Yao, J., Thacker, H. D., Mekis, A., Zheng, X., Shubin, I. N., Luo, Y., Lee, J.-H., Raj, K., Cunningham, J. E., et al. (2012) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.20.012035 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Akhlaghi, M. K., Schelew, E., & Young, J. F. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9233 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Fault Tolerant Quantum Computation with Very High Threshold for Loss Errors
Barrett, S. D., & Stace, T. M. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.200502 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Thresholds for Topological Codes in the Presence of Loss
Stace, T. M., Barrett, S. D., & Doherty, A. C. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.200501 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Complete Characterization of Quantum-Optical Processes
Lobino, M., Korystov, D., Kupchak, C., Figueroa, E. V., Sanders, B. C., & Lvovsky, A. I. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1162086 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Active temporal multiplexing of indistinguishable heralded single photons
Xiong, C., Zhang, X., Liu, Z., Collins, M. J., Mahendra, A., Helt, L. G., Steel, M. J., Choi, D., Chae, C.-J., Leong, P. H. W., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10853 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Trimming of silicon ring resonator by electron beam induced compaction and strain
Schrauwen, J., Thourhout, D. V., & Baets, R. (2008) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.16.003738 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Integrated Source of Spectrally Filtered Correlated Photons for Large-Scale Quantum Photonic Systems
Harris, N. C., Grassani, D., Simbula, A., Pant, M., Galli, M., Baehr-Jones, T., Hochberg, M., Englund, D. R., Bajoni, D., & Galland, C. (2014) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.4.041047 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Ultra-high-extinction-ratio 2 × 2 silicon optical switch with variable splitter
Suzuki, K., Cong, G., Tanizawa, K., Kim, S.-H., Ikeda, K., Namiki, S., & Kawashima, H. (2015) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.23.009086 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Percolation, Renormalization, and Quantum Computing with Nondeterministic Gates
Kieling, K., Rudolph, T., & Eisert, J. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.130501 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationResource Costs for Fault-Tolerant Linear Optical Quantum Computing
Li, Y., Humphreys, P. C., Mendoza, G. J., & Benjamin, S. C. (2015) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.5.041007 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Constructions and Noise Threshold of Hyperbolic Surface Codes
Breuckmann, N. P., & Terhal, B. M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/tit.2016.2555700 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Chip-based array of near-identical, pure, heralded single-photon sources
Spring, J. B., Mennea, P. L., Metcalf, B. J., Humphreys, P. C., Gates, J. C., Rogers, H., Söller, C., Smith, B. J., Kolthammer, W. S., Smith, P. G. R., et al. (2017) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.4.000090 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Direct characterization of linear-optical networks
Rahimi-Keshari, S., Broome, M. A., Fickler, R., Fedrizzi, A., Ralph, T. C., & White, A. G. (2013) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.21.013450 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Foliated Quantum Error-Correcting Codes
Bolt, A., Duclos-Cianci, G., Poulin, D., & Stace, T. M. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.070501 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
High-fidelity quantum state evolution in imperfect photonic integrated circuits
Mower, J., Harris, N. C., Steinbrecher, G. R., Lahini, Y., & Englund, D. R. (2015) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.92.032322 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
High-fidelity operation of quantum photonic circuits
Laing, A., Peruzzo, A., Politi, A., Verde, M. R., Halder, M., Ralph, T. C., Thompson, M. G., & O’Brien, J. L. (2010) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3497087 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Efficient generation of single and entangled photons on a silicon photonic integrated chip
Mower, J., & Englund, D. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.84.052326 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Integrated Source of Spectrally Filtered Correlated Photons for Large-Scale Quantum Photonic Systems
Grassani, D., Simbula, A., Pant, M., Galli, M., Baehr-Jones, T. W., Hochberg, M. J., Bajoni, D., Galland, C., Harris, N. C., & Englund, D. R. (2014) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Waveguide photon-number-resolving detectors for quantum photonic integrated circuits
Sahin, D., Gaggero, A., Zhou, Z., Jahanmirinejad, S., Mattioli, F., Leoni, R., Beetz, J., Lermer, M., Kamp, M., Höfling, S., et al. (2013) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4820842 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Percolation thresholds for photonic quantum computing
Pant, M., Towsley, D., Englund, D. R., & Guha, S. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08948-x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Gentry, C. M., Shainline, J. M., Wade, M. T., Stevens, M. J., Dyer, S. D., Zeng, X., Pavanello, F., Gerrits, T., Nam, S. W., Mirin, R. P., et al. (2015) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.2.001065 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Symmetry protection of measurement-based quantum computation in ground states
Else, D. V., Bartlett, S. D., & Doherty, A. C. (2012) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/11/113016 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Ultra-Efficient CMOS Fiber-to-Chip Grating Couplers
Notaroš, J., Pavanello, F., Wade, M. T., Gentry, C. M., Atabaki, A. H., Alloatti, L., Ram, R. J., & Popović, M. A. (2016) · Optical Fiber Communication Conference · doi:10.1364/ofc.2016.m2i.5 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Bao, X., Lu, C., Zhou, X., Yang, T., Rudolph, T., & Pan, J.-W. (2008) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.77.062316 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationMultilayer 3-D photonics in silicon
Koonath, P., & Jalali, B. (2007) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.15.012686 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Electric-field-driven nano-oxidation trimming of silicon microrings and interferometers
Shen, Y., Divliansky, I. B., Basov, D., & Mookherjea, S. (2011) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.36.002668 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Bruck, R., Mills, B., Troia, B., Thomson, D. J., Gardes, F. Y., Hu, Y., Mashanovich, G. Z., Passaro, V. M. N., Reed, G. T., & Muskens, O. L. (2014) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.274 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Perfect set-and-forget alignment of silicon photonic resonators and interferometers
Shen, Y., Divliansky, I. B., Basov, D. N., & Mookherjea, S. (2011) · Optical Fiber Communication Conference · doi:10.1364/ofc.2011.pdpc3 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bachman, D., Chen, Z., Fedosejevs, R., Tsui, Y. Y., & Van, V. (2013) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.21.011048 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Relative multiplexing for minimising switching in linear-optical quantum computing
Gimeno-Segovia, M., Cable, H. V., Mendoza, G. J., Shadbolt, P., Silverstone, J. W., Carolan, J., Thompson, M. G., O’Brien, J. L., & Rudolph, T. (2017) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aa7095 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation50×50 Digital Silicon Photonic Switches with MEMS-Actuated Adiabatic Couplers
Seok, T. J., Quack, N., Han, S., & Wu, M. C. (2015) · Optical Fiber Communication Conference · doi:10.1364/ofc.2015.m2b.4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Error models for mode mismatch in linear optics quantum computing
Rohde, P. P., & Ralph, T. C. (2006) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.73.062312 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Quantum error correction of systematic errors using a quantum search framework
Reichardt, B. W., & Grover, L. K. (2005) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.72.042326 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
All-optical switching of photonic entanglement
Hall, M., Altepeter, J. B., & Kumar, P. (2011) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/10/105004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
On unitary reconstruction of linear optical networks
Tillmann, M., Schmidt, C., & Walther, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8978/18/11/114002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Zaidi, H., Dawson, C., van Loock, P., & Rudolph, T. (2015) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.91.042301 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationLoss tolerant linear optical quantum memory by measurement-based quantum computing
Varnava, M., Browne, D. E., & Rudolph, T. (2007) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/203 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationTomography of a multimode quantum black box
Fedorov, I. A., Fedorov, A. K., Kurochkin, Y., & Lvovsky, A. I. (2015) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/17/4/043063 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Transitions in the computational power of thermal states for measurement-based quantum computation
Barrett, S. D., Bartlett, S. D., Doherty, A. C., Jennings, D. H., & Rudolph, T. (2009) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.80.062328 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationOn-Demand Single Photon Emission based on Quantum Feedback Control of a Microcavity
Heuck, M., Pant, M., & Englund, D. (2016) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_qels.2016.ftu4c.7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 85 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Quantum internet: a vision for the road ahead
Wehner, S., Elkouss, D., & Hanson, R. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam9288 · Cited by 2,467 · see citing works
“That being said, theory research (102) in this direction is likely to yield more insights, and experimental progress may bring such schemes closer to reality in the future.”
BackgroundIntegrated photonic quantum technologies
Wang, J., Sciarrino, F., Laing, A., & Thompson, M. G. (2020) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-019-0532-1 · Cited by 1,576 · see citing works
“Si-based MZIs with a 65dB on-off ratio has been achieved with near-perfect beamsplitters [41], equivalent to having a Pauli-Z error rate of < 10−6 [42].”
MethodPhotonic quantum information processing: a review
Flamini, F., Spagnolo, N., & Sciarrino, F. (2018) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aad5b2 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
An optical neural chip for implementing complex-valued neural network
Zhang, H., Gu, M., Jiang, X., Thompson, J. E., Cai, H. N., Paesani, S., Santagati, R., Laing, A., Zhang, Y., Yung, M., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20719-7 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Photonic quantum information processing: a concise review
Slussarenko, S., & Pryde, G. J. (2019) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.5115814 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
“320 In summary, in the span of less than two decades, photonic quantum information science has matured immensely.”
BackgroundQuantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip
Arrazola, J. M., Bergholm, V., Brádler, K., Bromley, T. R., Collins, M. J., Dhand, I., Fumagalli, A., Gerrits, T., Goussev, A., Helt, L. G., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03202-1 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
“tonics as a platform for advancing the frontier of quantum computation [26].”
BackgroundThe potential and global outlook of integrated photonics for quantum technologies
Pelucchi, E., Fagas, G., Aharonovich, I., Englund, D. R., Figueroa, E. V., Gong, Q., Hübel, H., Liu, J., Lu, C., Matsuda, N., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-021-00398-z · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges
Bogaerts, W., & Chrostowski, L. (2018) · Laser & Photonics Reviews · doi:10.1002/lpor.201700237 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Generation of time-domain-multiplexed two-dimensional cluster state
Asavanant, W., Shiozawa, Y., Yokoyama, S., Charoensombutamon, B., Emura, H., Alexander, R. N., Takeda, S., Yoshikawa, J.-I., Menicucci, N. C., Yonezawa, H., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay2645 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
t|ket⟩: a retargetable compiler for NISQ devices
Sivarajah, S., Dilkes, S., Cowtan, A., Simmons, W., Edgington, A., & Duncan, R. (2021) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ab8e92 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
“Superconducting and ion-trap-based quantum processors are now available from multiple commercial companies [10–14], while other technologies such as photonics are not far behind [15, 16].”
BackgroundQuantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip
Arrazola, J. M., Bergholm, V., Brádler, K., Bromley, T. R., Collins, M. J., Dhand, I., Fumagalli, A., Gerrits, T., Goussev, A., Helt, L. G., et al. (2021) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 463 · see citing works
The physics of optical computing
McMahon, P. L. (2023) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-023-00645-5 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
“In this Perspective article, we limit ourselves to discussing classical optical computing and do not review the benefits of optics for building quantum computers 43 .”
BackgroundLinear programmable nanophotonic processors
Harris, N. C., Carolan, J., Bunandar, D., Prabhu, M., Hochberg, M., Baehr-Jones, T. W., Fanto, M. L., Smith, A. M., Tison, C. C., Alsing, P. M., et al. (2018) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.5.001623 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Wang, H., Hu, H. R., Chung, T.-H., Qin, J., Yang, X., Li, J., Liu, R., Zhong, H.-S., He, Y.-M., Ding, X., et al. (2019) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.122.113602 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Quantum Low-Density Parity-Check Codes
Breuckmann, N. P., & Eberhardt, J. N. (2021) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.2.040101 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Scalable integrated single-photon source
Uppu, R., Pedersen, F. T., Wang, Y., Olesen, C. T., Papon, C., Zhou, X., Midolo, L., Scholz, S., Wieck, A. D., Ludwig, A., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc8268 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Highlighting photonics: looking into the next decade
Chen, Z., & Segev, M. (2021) · eLight · doi:10.1186/s43593-021-00002-y · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Blueprint for a Scalable Photonic Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer
Bourassa, J. E., Alexander, R. N., Vasmer, M., Patil, A., Tzitrin, I., Matsuura, T., Su, D., Baragiola, B. Q., Guha, S., Dauphinais, G., et al. (2021) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2021-02-04-392 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
“The second type of architectures includes the schemes developed for the cat-basis encoding [4, 21], the GKP encoding [22, 23], and the dual-rail encoding [24].”
MethodFang, Z., Chen, R., Zheng, J., Khan, A. I., Neilson, K. M., Geiger, S., Callahan, D. M., Moebius, M. G., Saxena, A., Chen, M., et al. (2022) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-022-01153-w · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Recent progress in quantum photonic chips for quantum communication and internet
Luo, W., Cao, L., Shi, Y., Wan, L., Zhang, H., Li, S., Chen, G., Li, Y., Li, S., Wang, Y., et al. (2023) · Light Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-023-01173-8 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
“This approach employs cluster states and sequential single-qubit measurement to perform universal quantum algorithms 205,207,228 and can be greatly enhanced by implementing resource state generation and fusion operation natively 229 – 231 .”
MethodHybrid integration methods for on-chip quantum photonics
Kim, J.-H., Aghaeimeibodi, S., Carolan, J., Englund, D., & Waks, E. (2020) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.384118 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
“However, the loss per component of III‐V platforms is relatively high, and likely not at the level required for a large‐scale photonic quantum technology [20].”
BackgroundQuantum generalisation of feedforward neural networks
Wan, K. H., Dahlsten, O., Kristjánsson, H., Gardner, R., & Kim, M. S. (2017) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-017-0032-4 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
“, accepting probabilistic gates in the spirit of the KLM scheme,(43) or using measurement-based cluster state quantum computation approaches.(38) Before describing the module we make the simplifying restriction that there is one input qubit to the neuron and one dummy input.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPerspective: The future of quantum dot photonic integrated circuits
Norman, J. C., Jung, D., Wan, Y., & Bowers, J. E. (2018) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/1.5021345 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
A manufacturable platform for photonic quantum computing
PsiQuantum team, Alexander, K., Benyamini, A., Black, D. S., Bonneau, D., Burgos, S. P., Burridge, B. M., Cable, H. V., Campbell, G., Catalano, G., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08820-7 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
“We combine these components to produce key building blocks: high-fidelity spontaneous photon pair sources; in-terferometers for circuit reconfigurability, qubit manipulation, FIG.”
Self-citationToward large-scale fault-tolerant universal photonic quantum computing
Takeda, S., & Furusawa, A. (2019) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/1.5100160 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Blueprint for a scalable photonic fault-tolerant quantum computer
Bourassa, J. E., Alexander, R. N., Baragiola, B. Q., & Menicucci, N. C. (2024) · Figshare · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Complexity-Theoretic Foundations of Quantum Supremacy ExperimentsPreprint
Aaronson, S., & Chen, L. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.14288/1.0343134 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Applications of single photons to quantum communication and computing
Couteau, C., Barz, S., Durt, T., Gerrits, T., Huwer, J., Prevedel, R., Rarity, J., Shields, A., & Weihs, G. (2023) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-023-00583-2 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“Theoretical scalable quantum computing proposals envision the notion of flexible cluster state computation modes 148–150 , in which heralded single photons are assembled into three-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states and then merged into complex 3D cluster states developing fusion gate…”
BackgroundSafavi‐Naeini, A. H., Thourhout, D. V., Baets, R., & Laer, R. V. (2019) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.6.000213 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Quantum-dot-based deterministic photon–emitter interfaces for scalable photonic quantum technology
Uppu, R., Midolo, L., Zhou, X., Carolan, J., & Lodahl, P. (2021) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-021-00965-6 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Single-photon sources: approaching the ideal through multiplexing
Meyer-Scott, E., Silberhorn, C., & Migdall, A. (2020) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/5.0003320 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Near-ideal spontaneous photon sources in silicon quantum photonics
Paesani, S., Borghi, M., Signorini, S., Maïnos, A., Pavesi, L., & Laing, A. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16187-8 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Forbes, A., & Nape, I. M. (2019) · AVS Quantum Science · doi:10.1116/1.5112027 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
A quantum network stack and protocols for reliable entanglement-based networks
Pirker, A., & Dür, W. (2019) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ab05f7 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Deterministic Quantum Emitter Formation in Hexagonal Boron Nitride via Controlled Edge Creation
Ziegler, J., Klaiss, R., Blaikie, A., Miller, D., Horowitz, V. R., & Alemán, B. (2019) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00357 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Bright Polarized Single-Photon Source Based on a Linear Dipole
Thomas, S. E., Billard, M., Coste, N., Wein, S. C., Priya, P., Ollivier, H., Krebs, O., Tazaïrt, L., Harouri, A., Lemaître, A., et al. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.233601 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Scaling capacity of fiber‐optic transmission systems via silicon photonics
Shi, W., Tian, Y., & Gervais, A. (2018) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0309 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Single-photon detection and cryogenic reconfigurability in lithium niobate nanophotonic circuits
Lomonte, E., Wolff, M. A., Beutel, F., Ferrari, S., Schuck, C., Pernice, W. H. P., & Lenzini, F. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27205-8 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Sequential generation of linear cluster states from a single photon emitter
Istrati, D., Pilnyak, Y., Loredo, J. C., Antón, C., Somaschi, N., Hilaire, P., Ollivier, H., Esmann, M., Cohen, L., Vidro, L., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19341-4 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Deterministic generation of indistinguishable photons in a cluster state
Cogan, D., Su, Z.-E., Kenneth, O., & Gershoni, D. (2023) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-022-01152-2 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Programmable four-photon graph states on a silicon chip
Adcock, J. C., Vigliar, C., Santagati, R., Silverstone, J. W., & Thompson, M. G. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11489-y · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Femtosecond laser micromachining for integrated quantum photonics
Corrielli, G., Crespi, A., & Osellame, R. (2021) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0419 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Indistinguishable and efficient single photons from a quantum dot in a planar nanobeam waveguide
Kiršanskė, G., Thyrrestrup, H., Daveau, R. S., Dreeßen, C., Pregnolato, T., Midolo, L., Tighineanu, P., Javadi, A., Stobbe, S., Schott, R., et al. (2017) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.165306 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Topological photonics: Where do we go from here?
Segev, M., & Bandres, M. A. (2020) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0441 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
High-rate entanglement between a semiconductor spin and indistinguishable photons
Coste, N., Fioretto, D., Belabas, N., Wein, S. C., Hilaire, P., Frantzeskakis, R., Gundín, M., Goes, B. O., Somaschi, N., Morassi, M., et al. (2023) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-023-01186-0 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Ultra-low loss quantum photonic circuits integrated with single quantum emitters
Chanana, A., Larocque, H., Moreira, R. L., Carolan, J., Guha, B., de Melo, E. G., Anant, V., Song, J. D., Englund, D., Blumenthal, D. J., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35332-z · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Error-protected qubits in a silicon photonic chip
Vigliar, C., Paesani, S., Ding, Y., Adcock, J. C., Wang, J., Morley-Short, S., Bacco, D., Oxenløwe, L. K., Thompson, M. G., Rarity, J. G., et al. (2021) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-021-01333-w · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Integrated photonics is an appealing platform for architectures that build large graph states for fault-tolerant MBQC [17–19].”
BackgroundInfluentialIntegrated Photonics Based on Rare‐Earth Ion‐Doped Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
Jia, Y., Wu, J., Sun, X., Yan, X., Xie, R., Wang, L., Chen, Y., & Chen, F. (2022) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202200059 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Nonlinear multimode photonics: nonlinear optics with many degrees of freedom
Wright, L. G., Renninger, W. H., Christodoulides, D. N., & Wise, F. W. (2022) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.461981 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Aithal, P. S. (2023) · International Journal of Case Studies in Business IT and Education · doi:10.47992/ijcsbe.2581.6942.0304 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sequential generation of linear cluster states from a single photon emitter
Istrati, D., Pilnyak, Y., Loredo, J. C., Antón, C., Somaschi, N., Hilaire, P., Ollivier, H., Esmann, M., Cohen, L., Vidro, L., et al. (2020) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Simulating boson sampling in lossy architectures
García−Patrón, R., Renema, J. J., & Shchesnovich, V. S. (2019) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2019-08-05-169 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“A single-photon and linear-optics version of measurement based quantum computation has also been thoroughly studied [2, 3].”
BackgroundIntegrated-optics heralded controlled-NOT gate for polarization-encoded qubits
Zeuner, J., Sharma, A. N., Tillmann, M., Heilmann, R., Gräfe, M., Moqanaki, A., Szameit, A., & Walther, P. (2018) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-018-0068-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“This technology has seen enormous progress in recent years [8–11], and may offer a realistic approach to realizing the complex circuits needed for scalable photonic quantum computing and quantum networks [12].”
BackgroundSciara, S., Roztocki, P., Fischer, B., Reimer, C., Cortés, L. R., Munro, W. J., Moss, D., Cino, A. C., Caspani, L., Kues, M., et al. (2021) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0510 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Uppu, R., Eriksen, H. T., Thyrrestrup, H., Uğurlu, A. D., Wang, Y., Scholz, S., Wieck, A. D., Ludwig, A., Löbl, M. C., Warburton, R. J., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17603-9 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“The latter is a drop-in replacement of the commonly employed probabilistic photon sources in advanced photonic quantum processors 3,24 , which will greatly bene fi t the scaling up towards multiphoton and multiemitter quantum information processing 25,26 .”
BackgroundAtomistic defects as single-photon emitters in atomically thin MoS2
Barthelmi, K., Klein, J., Hötger, A., Sigl, L., Sigger, F., Mitterreiter, E., Rey, S. I., Gyger, S., Lorke, M., Florian, M., et al. (2020) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0018557 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Robust Architecture for Programmable Universal Unitaries
Saygin, M. Y., Kondratyev, I. V., Dyakonov, I. V., Mironov, S. A., Straupe, S. S., & Kulik, S. P. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.010501 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Quantum indistinguishability by path identity and with undetected photons
Hochrainer, A., Lahiri, M., Erhard, M., Krenn, M., & Zeilinger, A. (2022) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.94.025007 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Time-Domain Multiplexed 2-Dimensional Cluster State: Universal Quantum Computing PlatformPreprint
Asavanant, W., Shiozawa, Y., Yokoyama, S., Charoensombutamon, B., Emura, H., Alexander, R. N., Takeda, S., Yoshikawa, J., Menicucci, N. C., Yonezawa, H., et al. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.03918 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Advances in Silicon Quantum Photonics
Adcock, J. C., Bao, J., Chi, Y., Chen, X., Bacco, D., Gong, Q., Oxenløwe, L. K., Wang, J., & Ding, Y. (2020) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/jstqe.2020.3025737 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“(b) A 2D unit tiling implementing (a) [41].”
BackgroundInfluentialWafer-scale nanofabrication of telecom single-photon emitters in silicon
Hollenbach, M., Klingner, N., Jagtap, N. S., Bischoff, L., Fowley, C., Kentsch, U., Hlawacek, G., Erbe, A., Abrosimov, N. V., Helm, M., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35051-5 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Deterministic single-photon sources monolithically integrated with silicon quantum PIC represent a new tool in quantum photonics [11], complementing heralded probabilistic sources [12] and offering very-largescale integration (VLSI) [13].”
MethodTelecom Networking with a Diamond Quantum Memory
Bersin, E. A., Sutula, M., Huan, Y. Q., Suleymanzade, A., Assumpção, D., Wei, Y.-C., Stas, P.-J., Knaut, C. M., Knall, E., Langrock, C., et al. (2024) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.5.010303 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
On-chip heralded single photon sources
Signorini, S., & Pavesi, L. (2020) · AVS Quantum Science · doi:10.1116/5.0018594 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
A feasible approach for automatically differentiable unitary coupled-cluster on quantum computers
Kottmann, J. S., Anand, A., & Aspuru‐Guzik, A. (2021) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d0sc06627c · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Quantum-dot single-photon source on a CMOS silicon photonic chip integrated using transfer printing
Katsumi, R., Ota, Y., Osada, A., Yamaguchi, T., Tajiri, T., Kakuda, M., Iwamoto, S., Akiyama, H., & Arakawa, Y. (2019) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/1.5087263 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Integrated Photonics for Quantum Communications and Metrology
Labonté, L., Alibart, O., D’Auria, V., Doutre, F., Etesse, J., Sauder, G., Martin, A., Picholle, É., & Tanzilli, S. (2024) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.5.010101 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Percolation thresholds for photonic quantum computing
Pant, M., Towsley, D., Englund, D. R., & Guha, S. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08948-x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“A major challenge, as expounded in [28] as well, is an experimental scheme to build an on-demand source of high-fidelity small entangled cluster states, e.”
BackgroundThree-dimensional entanglement on a silicon chip
Lu, L., Xia, L., Chen, Z., Chen, L., Yu, T., Tao, T., Ma, W., Pan, Y., Cai, X., Lu, Y., et al. (2020) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-020-0260-x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Dual-rail encoding with superconducting cavities
Teoh, J. D., Winkel, P., Babla, H. K., Chapman, B. J., Claes, J., de Graaf, S. J., Garmon, J. W. O., Kalfus, W. D., Lu, Y., Maiti, A., et al. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2221736120 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Silicon photonic devices for scalable quantum information applications
Feng, L., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Zhou, X., Qiang, X., Guo, G., & Ren, X. (2022) · Photonics Research · doi:10.1364/prj.464808 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Among those materials, silicon photonics is a good candidate because of its easy preparation, high integration density and excellent optical properties [33].”
BackgroundCryogenic operation of silicon photonic modulators based on the DC Kerr effect
Chakraborty, U., Carolan, J., Clark, G., Bunandar, D., Gilbert, G., Notaros, J., Watts, M. R., & Englund, D. R. (2020) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.403178 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Beyond photon pairs—nonlinear quantum photonics in the high-gain regime: a tutorial
Quesada, N., Helt, L. G., Menotti, M., Liscidini, M., & Sipe, J. E. (2022) · Advances in Optics and Photonics · doi:10.1364/aop.445496 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
High-speed thin-film lithium niobate quantum processor driven by a solid-state quantum emitter
Sund, P. I., Lomonte, E., Paesani, S., Wang, Y., Carolan, J., Bart, N., Wieck, A. D., Ludwig, A., Midolo, L., Pernice, W. H. P., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg7268 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Central to photonic quantum technologies is the generation of highquality photonic states and fast low-loss programmable circuits for their routing and processing [15, 16].”
BackgroundScalable Squeezed-Light Source for Continuous-Variable Quantum Sampling
Vernon, Z., Quesada, N., Liscidini, M., Morrison, B., Menotti, M., Tan, K., & Sipe, J. E. (2019) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.12.064024 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Fundamental building block for all-optical scalable quantum networks
Lee, S.-W., Ralph, T. C., & Jeong, H. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.100.052303 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Experimental time-reversed adaptive Bell measurement towards all-photonic quantum repeaters
Hasegawa, Y., Ikuta, R., Matsuda, N., Tamaki, K., Lo, H., Yamamoto, T., Azuma, K., & Imoto, N. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08099-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Photonic Indistinguishability of the Tin-Vacancy Center in Nanostructured Diamond
Martínez, J. A., Parker, R. A., Chen, K. C., Purser, C. M., Li, L., Michaels, C. P., Stramma, A. M., Debroux, R., Harris, I., Appel, M. H., et al. (2022) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.129.173603 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Resonance Fluorescence from Waveguide-Coupled, Strain-Localized, Two-Dimensional Quantum Emitters
Errando-Herranz, C., Schöll, E., Picard, R., Laini, M., Gyger, S., Elshaari, A. W., Branny, A., Wennberg, U., Barbat, S., Renaud, T., et al. (2021) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01653 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Choi, H., Pant, M., Guha, S., & Englund, D. (2019) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-019-0215-2 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Scheme for Universal High-Dimensional Quantum Computation with Linear Optics
Paesani, S., Bulmer, J. F. F., Jones, A. E., Santagati, R., & Laing, A. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.230504 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Quantum computing and industrial information integration: A review
Lu, Y., Sigov, A., Ratkin, L., Ivanov, L. A., & Zuo, M. (2023) · Journal of Industrial Information Integration · doi:10.1016/j.jii.2023.100511 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Mnaymneh, K., Dalacu, D., McKee, J., Lapointe, J., Haffouz, S., Weber, J. F., Northeast, D. B., Poole, P. J., Aers, G. C., & Williams, R. L. (2019) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.201900021 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
From quantum optics to quantum technologies
Browne, D. E., Bose, S., Mintert, F., & Kim, M. S. (2017) · Progress in Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2017.06.002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, the key principles of all of these ingredients have been demonstrated, and linear optical quantum computing remains a strong candidate for the realisation of large-scale quantum computing [212].”
BackgroundAppel, M. H., Tiranov, A., Pabst, S., Chan, M. L., Starup, C., Wang, Y., Midolo, L., Tiurev, K., Scholz, S., Wieck, A. D., et al. (2022) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.128.233602 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“The latter error reduces the measurement contrast in the XX and YY bases [12] and is additionally relevant for combining multiple smaller cluster states through entanglement fusion [2].”
BackgroundNanomechanical single-photon routing
Papon, C., Zhou, X., Thyrrestrup, H., Liu, Z., Stobbe, S., Schott, R., Wieck, A. D., Ludwig, A., Lodahl, P., & Midolo, L. (2019) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.6.000524 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Towards low loss non-volatile phase change materials in mid index waveguides
Faneca, J., Zeimpekis, I., Ilie, S. T., Bucio, T. D., Grabska, K., Hewak, D. W., & Gardes, F. Y. (2021) · Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering · doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ac156e · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“tions such as quantum computing [18, 22, 23], microwave photonics [14], neuromorphic computing [24–26],”
BackgroundLow-loss, high-bandwidth fiber-to-chip coupling using capped adiabatic tapered fibers
Khan, S., Buckley, S. M., Chiles, J., Mirin, R. P., Nam, S. W., & Shainline, J. M. (2020) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/1.5145105 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Mapping the design space of photonic topological states via deep learning
Singh, R., Agarwal, A., & Anthony, B. (2020) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.398926 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Tiurev, K., Appel, M. H., Mirambell, P. L., Lauritzen, M. B., Tiranov, A., Lodahl, P., & Sørensen, A. S. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.l030601 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Universal fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation
Brown, B. J., & Roberts, S. (2020) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033305 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The resurgence of the linear optics quantum interferometer — recent advances & applications
Tan, S.-H., & Rohde, P. P. (2019) · Reviews in Physics · doi:10.1016/j.revip.2019.100030 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“For this reason, the future of linear optics interferometry is a bright one, a sentiment echoed by others [233], which will find inevitable applicability in the future quantum world.”
BackgroundPrimer on silicon neuromorphic photonic processors: architecture and compiler
de Lima, T. F., Tait, A. N., Mehrabian, A., Nahmias, M. A., Huang, C., Peng, H.-T., Márquez, B. A., Miscuglio, M., El‐Ghazawi, T., Sorger, V. J., et al. (2018) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0172 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Silicon photonic systems have been proposed for quantum processing models, including quantum simulation and quantum computing [38, 39].”
Integrated photonics in quantum technologies
Giordani, T., Hoch, F., Carvacho, G., Spagnolo, N., & Sciarrino, F. (2023) · Rivista Del Nuovo Cimento · doi:10.1007/s40766-023-00040-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Phillips, C. L., Brash, A. J., Godsland, M., Martin, N. J., Foster, A. P., Tomlinson, A., Dost, R., Babazadeh, N., Sala, E. M., Wilson, L. R., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55024-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Many quantum communication and quantum information processing applications require a source of indistinguishable single photons 1–5 .”
BackgroundCalderbank-Shor-Steane holographic quantum error-correcting codes
Harris, R. J., McMahon, N. A., Brennen, G. K., & Stace, T. M. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.98.052301 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Epitaxial quantum dots: a semiconductor launchpad for photonic quantum technologies
Zhou, X., Zhai, L., & Liu, J. (2022) · Photonics Insights · doi:10.3788/pi.2022.r07 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“The splitting ratio of the switch characterizes how well the photons can be completely routed from one port to another, which, together with stochastic errors and losses, eventually affects the fidelity of the target quantum state [230,231] .”
BackgroundTunable quantum emitters on large-scale foundry silicon photonics
Larocque, H., Buyukkaya, M. A., Errando-Herranz, C., Papon, C., Harper, S., Tao, M., Carolan, J., Lee, C., Richardson, C. J. K., Leake, G., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50208-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Integrating other components such as on-chip SNSPDs 70,71 could also enable more complex types of on-chip photonic computations, including more complex quantum information processing tasks 72 and machine learning 73,74 .”
Silicon photonic quantum computing with spin qubits
Yan, X., Gitt, S., Lin, B., Witt, D. M., Abdolahi, M., Afifi, A. E., Azem, A., Darcie, A., Wu, J., Awan, K. M., et al. (2021) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/5.0049372 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cryogenic operation of silicon photonic modulators based on the DC Kerr effect
Chakraborty, U., Carolan, J., Clark, G., Bunandar, D., Gilbert, G. N., Notaroš, J., Watts, M. R., & Englund, D. (2020) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Conceptual Understanding through Efficient Automated Design of Quantum Optical Experiments
Krenn, M., Kottmann, J. S., Tischler, N., & Aspuru‐Guzik, A. (2021) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.11.031044 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Heralded GHZ states provide the resources for definite demonstration of deterministic violations of local-realistic worldviews [46] and are among the most promising building blocks for photonic quantum computation [7, 40].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
- Authors
- Rudolph, T.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rudolph, Terry
- ORCID
- Rudolph, Terry
- Venue
- APL Photonics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2017-03-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 2378-0967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2502799522
- Cited by
- 350
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 19.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- APL Photonics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/L024020/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
- Keywords
- silicon photonics, quantum computing, cluster states, three-photon entanglement, entangled photon sources, heralded single-photon source, silicon waveguides, interferometer, universal quantum computation, integrated photonics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
