Bacterial biota in the human distal esophagus
Open accessAbstract
The esophagus, like other luminal organs of the digestive system, provides a potential environment for bacterial colonization, but little is known about the presence of a bacterial biota or its nature. By using broad-range 16S rDNA PCR, biopsies were examined from the normal esophagus of four human adults. The 900 PCR products cloned represented 833 unique sequences belonging to 41 genera, or 95 species-level operational taxonomic units (SLOTU); 59 SLOTU were homologous with culture-defined bacterial species, 34 with 16S rDNA clones, and two were not homologous with any known bacterial 16S rDNA. Members of six phyla, Firmicutes , Bacteroides , Actinobacteria , Proteobacteria , Fusobacteria , and TM7 , were represented. A large majority of clones belong to 13 of the 41 genera (783/900, 87%), or 14 SLOTU (574/900, 64%) that were shared by all four persons. Streptococcus (39%), Prevotella (17%), and Veilonella (14%) were most prevalent. The present study identified ≈56–79% of SLOTU in this bacterial ecosystem. Most SLOTU of esophageal biota are similar or identical to residents of the upstream oral biota, but the major distinction is that a large majority (82%) of the esophageal bacteria are known and cultivable. These findings provide evidence for a complex but conserved bacterial population in the normal distal esophagus.
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The distal esophagus is mostly colonized by Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, with the most represented genera being Streptococcus, followed by Prevotella and Veillonella.
“The distal tract is mostly colonized by Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, with the most represented genera being Streptococcus, followed by Prevotella and Veillonella[35].”
From Proton pump inhibitors and dysbiosis: current knowledge and aspects to be clarified (2019) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Pei, Z., Bini, E. J., Yang, L., Zhou, M., Francois, F., & Blaser, M. J.
- Affiliations
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System (US)
- Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 10010
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2004-03-11
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4250-4255
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC384727
- OpenAlex
- W2056246809
- Cited by
- 501
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 10.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (9318128)
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA097946)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM063270)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058587)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000096)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- distal esophagus, oral microbiota, bacterial colonization, 16S rRNA gene, operational taxonomic units, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, TM7, human gut microbiome
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, DNA, Ribosomal, Esophagus, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Polymerase Chain Reaction
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