Prior expectations induce prestimulus sensory templates
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Abstract
Significance: The way that we perceive the world is partly shaped by what we expect to see at any given moment. However, it is unclear how this process is neurally implemented. Recently, it has been proposed that the brain generates stimulus templates in sensory cortex to preempt expected inputs. Here, we provide evidence that a representation of the expected stimulus is present in the neural signal shortly before it is presented, showing that expectations can indeed induce the preactivation of stimulus templates. Importantly, these expectation signals resembled the neural signal evoked by an actually presented stimulus, suggesting that expectations induce similar patterns of activations in visual cortex as sensory stimuli.
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In several instances, RS/ES effects observed with one noninvasive recording method were absent in another despite otherwise identical paradigms.
“in several instances, RS/ES effects that were observed with one noninvasive recording method were absent in another despite using otherwise identical paradigms.”
From Evaluating the neurophysiological evidence for predictive processing as a model of perception (2020) · cites this paper as [53]
The Discussion (page not provided) contrasts expectation suppression reported in earlier fMRI studies with its absence in this MEG study, including studies using an almost identical paradigm. It does not establish several cross-method instances, address repetition suppression, or say the paradigms were otherwise identical. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAnother possibility is that expectations have an anticipatory effect and sensitize representations even before stimulus onset.
“Another possibility is that expectations have an anticipatory effect and sensitize representations even before stimulus onset.Empirical support for such forward-looking perceptual predictions comes from electrophysiological reports of stimulus-specific baseline shifts before stimulus onset [67,97], from time-locked responses to unexpectedly omitted stimuli [69,98], and from predictive preactiv”
From How Do Expectations Shape Perception? (2018) · cites this paper as [99]
Although the overall spatial configuration of K.C.'s sketch map was intact, he included fewer streets and landmarks than did control participants.
“Although the overall spatial configuration of K.C.'s sketch map was intact, he included fewer streets and landmarks than did control participants.”
From From cognitive maps to spatial schemas (2023) · cites this paper as [213]
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- Authors
- Kok, P., Mostert, P., & de Lange, F. P.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Corresponding author
- Kok, Peter
- ORCID
- Kok, Peter
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2017-09-12
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 10473-10478
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5625909
- OpenAlex
- W2949604146
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 14.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Rubicon 446-15-004, VIDI 452-13-016)
- James S. McDonnell Foundation (220020373)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- top-down expectations, pre-activation, sensory cortex, top-down modulation, multivariate decoding, task-relevant features
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Photic Stimulation, Somatosensory Cortex, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Magnetoencephalography
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