Cited by 977Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsCognitive Abilities and Testing

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Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia

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Abstract

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) studies have found that patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) have abnormally low rates of cerebral glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate, parietal, temporal, and prefrontal cortex. We previously found that cognitively normal, late-middle-aged carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele, a common susceptibility gene for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia, have abnormally low rates of glucose metabolism in the same brain regions as patients with probable AD. We now consider whether ε4 carriers have these regional brain abnormalities as relatively young adults. Apolipoprotein E genotypes were established in normal volunteers 20–39 years of age. Clinical ratings, neuropsychological tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and PET were performed in 12 ε4 heterozygotes, all with the ε3/ε4 genotype, and 15 noncarriers of the ε4 allele, 12 of whom were individually matched for sex, age, and educational level. An automated algorithm was used to generate an aggregate surface-projection map that compared regional PET measurements in the two groups. The young adult ε4 carriers and noncarriers did not differ significantly in their sex, age, educational level, clinical ratings, or neuropsychological test scores. Like previously studied patients with probable AD and late-middle-aged ε4 carriers, the young ε4 carriers had abnormally low rates of glucose metabolism bilaterally in the posterior cingulate, parietal, temporal, and prefrontal cortex. Carriers of a common Alzheimer's susceptibility gene have functional brain abnormalities in young adulthood, several decades before the possible onset of dementia.

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Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.2635903100

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Metadata

Authors
Reiman, E. M., Chen, K., Alexander, G. E., Caselli, R. J., Bandy, D., Osborne, D., Saunders, A. M., & Hardy, J.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • Translational Genomics Research Institute (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2003-12-19
Volume
101
Issue
1
Pages
284-289
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W1986144956
Cited by
977
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 65
FWCI
21.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (P30 AG19610-02, P30AG019610)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH57899-01, R01MH057899)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, APOE ε4, genetic risk, brain glucose metabolism, brain abnormalities, young adults, posterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, temporal cortex
MeSH terms
Adult, Alleles, Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Brain, Female, Glucose, Heterozygote, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Apolipoprotein E3, Apolipoprotein E4

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