Regulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2) by the nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor, farnesoid X-activated receptor, and constitutive androstane receptor
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The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2), mediates the efflux of several conjugated compounds across the apical membrane of the hepatocyte into the bile canaliculi. We identified MRP2 in a screen designed to isolate genes that are regulated by the farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR, NR1H4). MRP2 mRNA levels were induced following treatment of human or rat hepatocytes with either naturally occurring (chenodeoxycholic acid) or synthetic (GW4064) FXR ligands. In addition, we have shown that MRP2 expression is regulated by the pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3). Thus, treatment of rodent hepatocytes with PXR or CAR agonists results in a robust induction of MRP2 mRNA levels. The dexamethasone- and pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile-dependent induction of MRP2 expression was not evident in hepatocytes derived from PXR null mice. In contrast, induction of MRP2 by phenobarbital, an activator of CAR, was comparable in wild-type and PXR null mice. An unusual 26-bp sequence was identified 440 bp upstream of the MRP2 transcription initiation site that contains an everted repeat of the AGTTCA hexad separated by 8 nucleotides (ER-8). PXR, CAR, and FXR bound with high affinity to this element as heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha, NR2B1). Luciferase reporter gene constructs containing 1 kb of the rat MRP2 promoter were prepared and transiently transfected into HepG2 cells. Luciferase activity was induced in a PXR-, CAR-, or FXR-dependent manner. Furthermore, the isolated ER-8 element was capable of conferring PXR, CAR, and FXR responsiveness on a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter. Mutation of the ER-8 element abolished the nuclear receptor response. These studies demonstrate that MRP2 is regulated by three distinct nuclear receptor signaling pathways that converge on a common response element in the 5'-flanking region of this gene.
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Ligands of mammalian LXR and FXR that upregulate mammalian ABCC genes also induce ABCC9A in sea urchin.
“However, ligands of mammalian LXR and FXR that have been shown to upregulate mammalian ABCC (MRP) genes (Kast et al., 2002;Kullak-Ublick and Becker, 2003) also induce ABCC9A in sea urchin (Hamdoun et al., unpublished data).”
From The chemical defensome: Environmental sensing and response genes in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome (2006) · cites this paper as Kast et al., 2002
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Coordinate transcriptional regulation of bile acid homeostasis and drug metabolism
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The biosynthesis, signaling, and neurological functions of bile acids
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Molecular basis of bile acid-FXR-FGF15/19 signaling axis
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Identification of Farnesoid X Receptor β as a Novel Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Sensing Lanosterol
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Nuclear receptors in bile acid metabolism
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Nuclear receptors as therapeutic targets in cholestatic liver diseases
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Nonsteroidal FXR Ligands: Current Status and Clinical Applications
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- Authors
- Kast, H. R., Goodwin, B., Tarr, P. T., Jones, S. A., Anisfeld, A. M., Stoltz, C. M., Tontonoz, P., Kliewer, S., Willson, T. M., & Edwards, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Edwards, Peter A.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 277
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2908-2915
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2125457175
- Cited by
- 916
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 35.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Education
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health (HL30568)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL3 0568, HL 68445, P01HL030568, R01HL068445)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- MRP2, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, nuclear receptor regulation, gene expression regulation, hepatocytes, retinoid X receptor alpha, chenodeoxycholic acid, GW4064, phenobarbital
- MeSH terms
- Pregnane X Receptor, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2, Constitutive Androstane Receptor, Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated, Animals, Base Sequence, Bile Acids and Salts, Cell Line, Cell Nucleus, Cells, Cultured, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Isoxazoles, Ligands, Liver, Models, Biological, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Phenobarbital, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Protein Binding, Receptors, Steroid, RNA, Messenger, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Blotting, Northern, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Activation, Genes, Reporter, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Protein Transport, Hepatocytes, Membrane Transport Proteins, ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins, Mice, Rats
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