Bile acid biosynthesis

Russell, David W.; Setchell, Kenneth D. R.

doi:10.1021/bi00135a001

Cited by 819Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismDrug Transport and Resistance MechanismsSteroid Chemistry and Biochemistry

Bile acid biosynthesis

Russell, David W., Setchell, Kenneth D. R.·1992·Biochemistry

DOI 10.1021/bi00135a001

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Abstract

To conclude, the last several years have seen a resurgence of interest in the biosynthesis of bile acids. This focus has come about due to the central roles that these molecules play in cholesterol and fat metabolism and due to recent advances in their chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology. The application of probes generated by these methodologies has begun to generate novel insight into bile acid metabolism, regulation, and genetics. The next several years should be equally exciting.

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AKR1D1 is the only human Δ4-3-ketosteroid-5β-reductase.
“AKR1D1 acts as the sole Δ4-3-ketosteroid-5β-reductase (steroid 5β-reductase) in humans”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
The A/B cis configuration introduces a 90° bend and amphipathic properties essential for emulsification of fats and cholesterol.
“This configuration introduces a 90° bend into the planar steroid and introduces amphipathic properties into the sterol which is essential for emulsification of fats and cholesterol”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
AKR1D1 catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of the C4-C5 double bond in Δ4 ketosteroids to form an A/B cis-ring junction.
“AKR1D1, catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of the C4-C5 double bond in Δ4 ketosteroids to form A/B cis-ring junction”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
Subsequent bile acid biosynthesis steps include side chain oxidation and truncation and conjugation with taurine or glycine.
“Subsequent steps in bile acid biosynthesis include side chain oxidation and truncation, and conjugation of the bile acid with taurine or glycine”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
AKR1D1 catalyzes 5β-reduction of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholestene-3-one and 7α,12α-dihydroxy-4-cholestene-3-one to their respective 5β products, and AKR1C4 reduces the 3-keto group.
“AKR1D1 catalyzes 5β-reduction of bile acid precursors 7α-hydroxy-4-cholestene-3-one and 7α,12α-dihydroxy-4-cholestene-3-one to yield 7α-hydroxy-5β-cholestan-3-one and 7α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestan-3-one, respectively and AKR1C4 catalyzes the further reduction of 3-keto group”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [20]

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Automated genome annotation and pathway identification using the KEGG Orthology (KO) as a controlled vocabulary
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Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism Are Impaired in Mice Lacking the Nuclear Oxysterol Receptor LXRα
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Mechanisms Underlying the Cholesterol-Lowering Properties of Soluble Dietary Fibre Polysaccharides
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The Farnesoid X Receptor
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Bile Acid Regulation of Gene Expression: Roles of Nuclear Hormone Receptors
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Redundant Pathways for Negative Feedback Regulation of Bile Acid Production
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Regional Diversity of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome
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Gut Microbiota Profiling: Metabolomics Based Approach to Unravel Compounds Affecting Human Health
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Liver X receptor in cholesterol metabolism
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Circulating intestinal fibroblast growth factor 19 has a pronounced diurnal variation and modulates hepatic bile acid synthesis in man
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Bile Acid Sulfation: A Pathway of Bile Acid Elimination and Detoxification
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Identification of a new inborn error in bile acid synthesis: mutation of the oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene causes severe neonatal liver disease.
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Self-citation
Regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene ( CYP7A1 ) transcription by the liver orphan receptor (LXRα)
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Oxysterol biosynthetic enzymes
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Bile Acids Regulate Gluconeogenic Gene Expression via Small Heterodimer Partner-mediated Repression of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 and Foxo1
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The LXRs: a new class of oxysterol receptors
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Amaral, J. D., Viana, R. J. S., Ramalho, R. M., Steer, C. J., & Rodrigues, C. M. P. (2009) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r900011-jlr200 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
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Bile system morphogenesis defects and liver dysfunction upon targeted deletion of HNF1β
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Orphan Nuclear Receptors as eLiXiRs and FiXeRs of Sterol Metabolism
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Expression cloning and characterization of the hamster ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter.
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Identification of a Bile Acid-responsive Element in the Human Ileal Bile Acid-binding Protein Gene
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Sterol upregulation of human CETP expression in vitro and in transgenic mice by an LXR element
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Loss of Nuclear Receptor SHP Impairs but Does Not Eliminate Negative Feedback Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis
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Elevated Cholesterol Metabolism and Bile Acid Synthesis in Mice Lacking Membrane Tyrosine Kinase Receptor FGFR4*
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Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling in Cholestasis, Inflammation, and Cancer
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Down-regulation of Cholesterol 7α-Hydroxylase (CYP7A1) Gene Expression by Bile Acids in Primary Rat Hepatocytes Is Mediated by the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway
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cDNA Cloning of Mouse and Human Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylases, Polytopic Membrane Proteins That Synthesize a Potent Oxysterol Regulator of Lipid Metabolism
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Cyp2c70 is responsible for the species difference in bile acid metabolism between mice and humans
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Circadian transcription of the cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase gene may involve the liver-enriched bZIP protein DBP.Preprint
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Authors: Russell, D. W., & Setchell, K. D. R.
Affiliations: The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Russell, David W.
Setchell, Kenneth D. R.
Venue: Biochemistry
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 1992-05-01
Volume: 31
Issue: 20
Pages: 4737-4749
ISSN: 0006-2960 (ISSN-L)
1520-4995
DOI: 10.1021/bi00135a001
OpenAlex: W2053916731
Cited by: 819
References: 104
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 28.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-20948, P01HL020948)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Keywords: bile acid synthesis, bile acids, cholesterol metabolism, fat metabolism
MeSH terms: Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Humans

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