Cited by 209Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsUbiquitin and proteasome pathwaysAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Parkin-catalyzed Ubiquitin-Ester Transfer Is Triggered by PINK1-dependent Phosphorylation

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Iguchi, Masahiro, Kujuro, Yuki, Okatsu, Kei, Koyano, Fumika, Kosako, Hidetaka, Kimura, Mayumi, Suzuki, Norihiro, Uchiyama, Shinichiro +2 more·2013·Journal of Biological Chemistry

Abstract

PINK1 and PARKIN are causal genes for autosomal recessive familial Parkinsonism. PINK1 is a mitochondrial Ser/Thr kinase, whereas Parkin functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Under steady-state conditions, Parkin localizes to the cytoplasm where its E3 activity is repressed. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential triggers Parkin E3 activity and recruits it to depolarized mitochondria for ubiquitylation of mitochondrial substrates. The molecular basis for how the E3 activity of Parkin is re-established by mitochondrial damage has yet to be determined. Here we provide in vitro biochemical evidence for ubiquitin-thioester formation on Cys-431 of recombinant Parkin. We also report that Parkin forms a ubiquitin-ester following a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in cells, and that this event is essential for substrate ubiquitylation. Importantly, the Parkin RING2 domain acts as a transthiolation or acyl-transferring domain rather than an E2-recruiting domain. Furthermore, formation of the ubiquitin-ester depends on PINK1 phosphorylation of Parkin Ser-65. A phosphorylation-deficient mutation completely inhibited formation of the Parkin ubiquitin-ester intermediate, whereas phosphorylation mimics, such as Ser to Glu substitution, enabled partial formation of the intermediate irrespective of Ser-65 phosphorylation. We propose that PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of Parkin leads to the ubiquitin-ester transfer reaction of the RING2 domain, and that this is an essential step in Parkin activation. Background: Parkin is a ubiquitin ligase activated by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). However, details regarding its mechanism remain limited. Results: PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser-65 following dissipation of ΔΨm triggers ubiquitin-ester transfer by the RING2 domain of Parkin to Cys-431. Conclusion: Parkin catalyzes trans- (ubiquitin-thioester)ification upon PINK1-dependent phosphorylation. Significance: The molecular process of Parkin-catalyzed ubiquitylation has been determined.

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Crossref · 10.1074/jbc.m113.467530

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  • Phosphorylation of ubiquitin and PRKN at Ser65 by PINK1 is required for activation of the PINK1-PRKN pathway.

    “Both events are required for the activation of the pathway.”

    From miRNA family miR-29 inhibits PINK1-PRKN signaling via ATG9A (2026) · cites this paper as [10]

    The paper’s Parkin phosphorylation and ubiquitin-ester formation sections report that PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser65 is important for Parkin activation. They do not establish that PINK1 phosphorylation of ubiquitin at Ser65 is also required; the discussion only speculates that other PINK1 substrates may be involved. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Upon mitochondrial depolarization, PINK1 stabilizes on the outer mitochondrial membrane and phosphorylates ubiquitin and PRKN at Ser65.

    “Upon mitochondrial depolarization, PINK1 stabilizes on the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it phosphorylates ubiquitin (Ub) and PRKN at Ser65 [5–10].”

    From miRNA family miR-29 inhibits PINK1-PRKN signaling via ATG9A (2026) · cites this paper as [10]

    The Abstract says PINK1 localizes to mitochondria after escaping membrane-potential-dependent degradation and describes PINK1 phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser-65. The paper discusses ubiquitin attachment to Parkin, but the passages found do not say that PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin; that part of the citing sentence is unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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Authors
Iguchi, M., Kujuro, Y., Okatsu, K., Koyano, F., Kosako, H., Kimura, M., Suzuki, N., Uchiyama, S., Tanaka, K., & Matsuda, N.
Affiliations
  • Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (JP)
  • Keio University (JP)
  • Tokushima University (JP)
  • Tokyo Women's Medical University (JP)
Corresponding author
  • Tanaka, Keiji
  • Matsuda, Noriyuki
Venue
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-07
Volume
288
Issue
30
Pages
22019-22032
ISSN
0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2015758704
Cited by
209
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 5
FWCI
17.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23570231, 25860721)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
Parkin, PINK1, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial depolarization, familial parkinsonism
MeSH terms
PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase, Animals, Binding Sites, Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone, Cells, Cultured, Cysteine, Embryo, Mammalian, Esters, Fibroblasts, HeLa Cells, Humans, Models, Biological, Phosphorylation, Protein Kinases, Serine, Substrate Specificity, Immunoblotting, Mice, Knockout, Ubiquitin, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Mice, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Ubiquitination, Biocatalysis, HEK293 Cells, Proton Ionophores

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