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Targeted Peptide Measurements in Biology and Medicine: Best Practices for Mass Spectrometry-based Assay Development Using a Fit-for-Purpose Approach

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Carr, Steven A., Abbatiello, Susan E., Ackermann, Bradley L., Borchers, Christoph, Domon, Bruno, Deutsch, Eric W., Grant, Russell P., Hoofnagle, Andrew N. +37 more·2014·Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

Abstract

Adoption of targeted mass spectrometry (MS) approaches such as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to study biological and biomedical questions is well underway in the proteomics community. Successful application depends on the ability to generate reliable assays that uniquely and confidently identify target peptides in a sample. Unfortunately, there is a wide range of criteria being applied to say that an assay has been successfully developed. There is no consensus on what criteria are acceptable and little understanding of the impact of variable criteria on the quality of the results generated. Publications describing targeted MS assays for peptides frequently do not contain sufficient information for readers to establish confidence that the tests work as intended or to be able to apply the tests described in their own labs. Guidance must be developed so that targeted MS assays with established performance can be made widely distributed and applied by many labs worldwide. To begin to address the problems and their solutions, a workshop was held at the National Institutes of Health with representatives from the multiple communities developing and employing targeted MS assays. Participants discussed the analytical goals of their experiments and the experimental evidence needed to establish that the assays they develop work as intended and are achieving the required levels of performance. Using this "fit-for-purpose" approach, the group defined three tiers of assays distinguished by their performance and extent of analytical characterization. Computational and statistical tools useful for the analysis of targeted MS results were described. Participants also detailed the information that authors need to provide in their manuscripts to enable reviewers and readers to clearly understand what procedures were performed and to evaluate the reliability of the peptide or protein quantification measurements reported. This paper presents a summary of the meeting and recommendations.

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  • Clinical application of LC-MS/MS for protein biomarkers requires stringent criteria for bias and precision, which are particularly challenging in workflows involving enzymatic digestion of the protein measurand before LC-MS/MS peptide measurement.

    “Clinical application of LC-MS/MS for protein biomarkers, furthermore, requires stringent criteria for bias and precision (28, 29) , which are particularly challenging in work flows involving enzymatic digestion of the protein measurand before LC-MS/MS peptide measurement (30) .”
  • NCI hosts open-access repositories of unified proteogenomics datasets, assays and reagents, including the Proteomic Data Commons, a fit-for-purpose targeted assay site and an antibody portal, largely due to CPTAC efforts.

    “Largely due to these efforts, NCI hosts open-access repositories of unified proteogenomics datasets, assays and reagents, including the Proteomic Data Commons (pdc.cancer.gov), a fit-for-purpose targeted assay site (assays.cancer.gov)102,106 and an Ab portal (antibodies.cancer.gov)107.”

    From A high-stringency blueprint of the human proteome (2020) · cites this paper as [102]

  • CPTAC SRM studies were focused on achieving essentially clinical-grade assays for relatively discrete sets of targets.

    “Another significant design difference is that CPTAC SRM studies were focused on achieving essentially clinical-grade assays68 for relatively discrete sets of targets.”
  • Targeted MS technologies such as SRM/MRM and PRM offer a promising alternative to the challenges of immunoassay validation.

    “As an antibody-free platform with robust sensitivity, high accuracy, and an exceptional multiplex capacity, targeted MS technologies such as SRM/MRM and PRM offer a promising alternative to the challenges of immunoassay validation [184–187].”

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  1. [68]Kuhn E. Ross J. Abbatiello S. E. Mani D. R. Carr S. A. (2012) Reversing the Curve: Determining LOD in the Presence of Endogenous Signal using SID-MRM-MS. Presented at the 60th Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry, Monday poster MP01, poster number 004

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Authors
Carr, S. A., Abbatiello, S. E., Ackermann, B. L., Borchers, C., Domon, B., Deutsch, E. W., Grant, R. P., Hoofnagle, A. N., Hüttenhain, R., Koomen, J. M., Liebler, D. C., Liu, T., MacLean, B., Mani, D., Mansfield, E., Neubert, H., Paulovich, A. G., Reiter, L., Vitek, O., Aebersold, R., Anderson, L., Bethem, R., Blonder, J., Boja, E., Botelho, J., Boyne, M., Bradshaw, R. A., Burlingame, A. L., Chan, D., Keshishian, H., Kuhn, E., Kinsinger, C., Lee, J. S. H., Lee, S.-W., Moritz, R., Oses-Prieto, J., Rifai, N., Ritchie, J., Rodriguez, H., Srinivas, P. R., Townsend, R. R., Van Eyk, J., Whiteley, G., Wiita, A., & Weintraub, S.
Affiliations
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
  • University of Victoria (CA)
  • Institute for Systems Biology (US)
  • LabCorp (United States) (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
  • Vanderbilt University (US)
  • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
  • United States Food and Drug Administration (US)
  • Pfizer (United States) (US)
  • Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
  • Biognosys (Switzerland) (CH)
  • ETH Zurich (CH)
  • National Cancer Institute (US)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Korea University (KR)
  • Boston Children's Hospital (US)
  • Emory University (US)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
Corresponding author
Carr, Steven A.
Venue
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-03
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
907-917
ISSN
1535-9476 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2109326791
Cited by
561
References
97
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 37
FWCI
31.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular & Cellular Proteomics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (U24CA160034)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Keywords
targeted mass spectrometry, multiple reaction monitoring, assay development, peptide quantification, protein quantification, analytical characterization, reproducibility
MeSH terms
Animals, Biological Assay, Biology, Humans, Isotope Labeling, Medicine, Peptides, Reference Standards, Software, Mass Spectrometry, Guidelines as Topic, Proteomics

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