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Estimated travel time for walking trails in natural areas
Abstract
An increase in walking or hiking activities in natural areas requires improvements in information and advice about trails, including their difficulty, available services and estimated travel time. Comparative studies show remarkable differences between measured and calculated travel times obtained by available predictive procedures (Naismith’s rule, Tobler’s hiking function or MIDE). A new procedure has been designed by combining pre-existing methods (Tobler’s and MIDE), and travel times have been calculated for 21 trails located in different protected natural areas of Spain. Times obtained are compared with travel times measured by individual users and uploaded into specialized walking-hiking websites (Wikiloc). Results show that the new procedure (Modified Tobler) reduces differences between calculated and measured travel times, which makes it suitable not only for trail managers to estimate travel times but also as a key part of pedestrian transport analysis in trail networks.
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For each of the cost functions (Tobler, modified Tobler, Naismith/Langmuir, Minetti), edge values depend only on distance and slope and are anisotropic.
“For each of these functions the edge values between points depend only on the distance and slope and are anisotropic, in other words they differ according to the slope in the direction of travel rather than simply depending on absolute slope.”
From Budget travel in the Mediterranean: a methodology for reconstructing ancient journeys through least cost networks (2022) · cites this paper as Márquez-Pérez, Vallejo-Villalta & Álvarez-Francoso (2017)
Given the evidence that the Modified Tobler function is more accurate, the lower range (2.0 to 2.5 knots) is preferred.
“However, given the evidence that the Modified Tobler function is more accurate (Márquez-Pérez, Vallejo-Villalta & Álvarez-Francoso 2017; Seifried & Gardner 2019) the lower range is preferred.”
From Budget travel in the Mediterranean: a methodology for reconstructing ancient journeys through least cost networks (2022) · cites this paper as Márquez-Pérez, Vallejo-Villalta & Álvarez-Francoso 2017
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Metadata
- Authors
- Márquez-Pérez, J., Vallejo-Villalta, I., & Álvarez-Francoso, J. I.
- Affiliations
- Department of Physical Geography and Regional Geographical Analysis, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Venue
- Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-01-02
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53-62
- ISSN
- 0016-7223 (ISSN-L)
- 1903-2471
- OpenAlex
- W2607389719
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 6.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Transportation Planning and Optimization
- Keywords
- travel time estimation, walking trails, hiking, natural areas, protected areas, trail difficulty, trail management, pedestrian transport, trail networks
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