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Modeling Slope as a Contributor to Route Selection in Mountainous Areas
Abstract
Slope exerts a powerful influence on the route selection processes of humans. Attempts to model human movement in hilly and mountainous terrain which have largely focused on least-time route transformations can be improved by incorporating research suggesting that humans systematically overestimate slopes. Such research suggests that cost functions derived from slope should be more expensive than time derivations alone would indicate. This paper presents a method for empirically estimating cost functions for slopes. We use the method to predict routes and paths that are more likely to be selected by humans based on their perceptions of slope. An evaluation of the method found that it successfully predicts road, track and trail locations over a variety of conditions and distances.
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Tobler's hiking function remains commonly used in GIS travel time computations.
“Despite the equation's 155 simplicity, it remains commonly used in GIS travel time computations (Pingel, 2010;Richards-Rissetto & Landau, 2014;Sherrill, Frakes, & Schupbach, 2010;White & Barber, 2012;White & Surface-Evans, 2012).”
From Measuring and modeling the speed of human navigation (2018) · cites this paper as Pingel, 2010
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pingel, T. J.
- Venue
- Cartography and Geographic Information Science
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-148
- ISSN
- 1523-0406 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-0465
- OpenAlex
- W1981816697
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 9.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cartography and Geographic Information Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Geographic Information Systems Studies
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics
- Keywords
- route choice, human movement modeling, cost function, mountainous terrain
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