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pH effects of the addition of three biochars to acidic Indonesian mineral soils
Open accessAbstract
Soil acidity may severely reduce crop production. Biochar (BC) may increase soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) but reported effects differ substantially. In a systematic approach, using a standardized protocol on a uniquely large number set of 31 acidic soils, we quantified the effect of increasing amounts (0–30%; weight:weight) of three types of field-produced BCs (from cacao (Theobroma cacao. L.) shell, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis. Jacq.) shell and rice (Oryza sativa. L.) husk) on soil pH and CEC. Soils were sampled from croplands at Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. All BCs caused a significant increase in mean soil pH with a stronger response and a greater maximum increase for the cacao shell BC addition, due to a greater acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and larger amounts of extractable base cations. At 1% BC addition, corresponding to about 30 tons ha−1, the estimated increase in soil pH from the initial mean pH of 4.7 was about 0.5 units for the cacao shell BC, whereas this was only 0.05 and 0.04 units for the oil palm shell and rice husk BC, respectively. Besides depending on BC type, the increase in soil pH upon the addition of each of the three BCs was mainly dependent on soil CEC (low CEC resulting in stronger pH increase), and to a lesser extent on initial soil pH (higher initial pH resulting in stronger pH increase). Addition of BC also increased the amount of exchangeable base cations (cacao shell ≫ oil palm and rice husk) and CEC. Through this systematic screening of the effect of BC on pH and CEC of acidic soils, we show that a small addition of BC, in particular if made of cacao shell, to acidic agricultural soils increases soil pH and CEC. However, the response is highly dependent on the type, quality and amount of the added BC as well as on intrinsic soil properties, mainly CEC.
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“The Al concentration can be reduced drastically by addition of biochar that acts as a liming agent in most of the degraded soils (Glaser et al., 2002;Major et al., 2010;Martinsen et al., 2015;Van Zwieten et al., 2010;Yamato et al., 2006).”
From Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil (2018) · cites this paper as Martinsen et al., 2015
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“Besides increasing soil pH (higher Ca/Al ratios and higher PO 4 -3 availability) and base saturation (BS) (Glaser et al., 2002;Martinsen et al., 2015) the addition of biochar increases nutrient retention capacity and soil CEC (Chan et al., 2008;Liang et al., 2006) and thus reduces nutrient leaching (Hale et al., 2013;Laird et al., 2010;Martinsen et al., 2014;Steiner et al., 2007).”
From Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil (2018) · cites this paper as Martinsen et al., 2015
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Metadata
- Authors
- Martinsen, V, Alling, V, Nurida, N., Mulder, J., Hale, S., Ritz, C., Rutherford, D., Heikens, A., Breedveld, G., & Cornelissen, G.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NO)
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NO)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- United Nations Development Programme (US)
- Venue
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-06-17
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 821-834
- ISSN
- 0038-0768 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-0765
- OpenAlex
- W2204538762
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 9.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Soil Science & Plant Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- United Nations Development Programme
- Norges Forskningsråd (217918, 204112)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
- Keywords
- biochar, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, acid soils, acid neutralizing capacity, exchangeable base cations, rice husk biochar, agricultural soils, biochar amendment
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