Biochar, hydrochar and uncarbonized feedstock application to permanent grassland—Effects on greenhouse gas emissions and plant growth

Schimmelpfennig, Sonja; Müller, Christoph; Grünhage, Ludger; Koch, Christian; Kammann, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027

Cited by 174Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsBioenergy crop production and managementAgricultural Science and Fertilization

Biochar, hydrochar and uncarbonized feedstock application to permanent grassland—Effects on greenhouse gas emissions and plant growth

Schimmelpfennig, Sonja, Müller, Christoph, Grünhage, Ludger, Koch, Christian, Kammann, Claudia·2014·Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Both reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration have the potential to reduce global climate warming and avoid dangerous climate change. We assessed the sequestration potential as well as possible risks and benefits of carbon amendments (16±4% of soil organic C) from Miscanthus×giganteus in different carbonization stages of a temperate grassland soil together with pig slurry: (1) untreated dried biomass (feedstock), (2) hydrothermally carbonized biomass (hydrochar) and (3) pyrolyzed biomass (biochar) in comparison to a control (only pig slurry application).The field study was complemented by a laboratory incubation study, followed by a growth experiment with Lolium perenne. In the field, greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) were monitored weekly over 1.5 years and over three months in the lab. Initial nitrogen losses via ammonia emissions after substrate–slurry application were assessed in an additional greenhouse study.We found that biochar reduced soil and ecosystem respiration in incubation and in the field, respectively. Additionally, biochar improved methane oxidation, though restricted by emissions outbursts due to slurry amendment. It also reduced N2O emissions significantly in the lab study but not in the field. Hydrochar and feedstock proved to be easily degradable in incubation, but had no effect on ecosystem respiration in the field. Feedstock amendment significantly increased N2O emissions in incubation and one year after application likewise in the field. In a growth experiment subsequent to the incubation, only biochar amendment increased L. perenne biomass (+29%) significantly, likely due to N retention. In the field, biochar caused a significant shift in the plant species composition from grasses to forbs, whereas hydrochar significantly reduced yields within two growth periods (2011 and 2012). Ammonia emissions were significantly higher with feedstock and biochar compared to the control or acidic hydrochar. The overall results indicate that biochar is better suited for C sequestration and GHG mitigation in grasslands than hydrochar or the uncarbonized feedstock. However, NH3 emission reductions may only occur when the biochar is neutral or slightly acidic.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027

Cites

122 of 122 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Schimmelpfennig et al. (2014) reported that during a laboratory incubation study with Lolium perenne using 16% hydrochar derived from silver grass, hydrochar was degraded but did not show a significant impact on ecosystem respiration during field experiments.
“Schimmelpfennig et al. (2014) reported on a growth experiment via a laboratory incubation study with Lolium perenne using 16% hydrochar derived from silver grass as a feedstock [86].During incubation, hydrochar was found to be degraded but did not show a significant impact on the ecosystem's respiration during the field experiments.”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [86]
Kammann et al. (2012) and Schimmelpfennig et al. (2014) noticed identical outcomes, i.e., emission of CO2 and CH4 during their carbon sequestration study using hydrochars derived from ryegrass and peanut hulls and Miscanthus giganteus as feedstocks.
“Kammann et al. (2012) and Schimmelpfennig et al. (2014) noticed identical outcomes, i.e., the emission of CO 2 and CH 4 during their carbon sequestration study using hydrochars derived from ryegrass and peanut hulls and Miscanthus giganteus as feedstocks [86,115].”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [86]

World Reference Base for Soil Resources
Driessen, P., Nachtergaele, F., Spaargaren, O. C., & Deckers, J. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/noe0849338304.ch410 · Cited by 7,248 · see citing works
Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century
Ravishankara, A. R., Daniel, J. S., & Portmann, R. W. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1176985 · Cited by 4,605 · see citing works
Outliers in Statistical Data
BARNETT, V. D., Lewis, T., & Abeles, F. F. (1979) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.2995737 · Cited by 2,834 · see citing works
A handful of carbon
Lehmann, J. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/447143a · Cited by 2,477 · see citing works
A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis
Jeffery, S., Verheijen, F. G. A., van der Velde, M., & Bastos, A. C. (2011) · Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.08.015 · Cited by 2,422 · see citing works
EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts
Bell, A., Main, I. G., Atkinson, M., Vicente, R. F., Meredith, P. G., & Boon, S. A. (2013) · Cited by 2,408 · see citing works
Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment
Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., & Joseph, S. (2007) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr07109 · Cited by 1,902 · see citing works
Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: A comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis
Libra, J. A., Ro, K. S., Kammann, C., Funke, A., Berge, N. D., Neubauer, Y., Titirici, M.-M., Fühner, C., Bens, O., Kern, J., et al. (2011) · Biofuels · doi:10.4155/bfs.10.81 · Cited by 1,756 · see citing works
Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: A meta-analysis
Biederman, L. A., & Harpole, W. S. (2013) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12037 · Cited by 1,737 · see citing works
World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2006
Ausgabe, D. (2007) · Cited by 1,699 · see citing works
Outliers in Statistical Data.
Atkinson, A. C., BARNETT, V. D., & Lewis, T. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2983451 · Cited by 1,688 · see citing works
Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils
Zimmerman, A. R., Gao, B., & Ahn, M.-Y. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.005 · Cited by 1,438 · see citing works
Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil
Laird, D., Fleming, P., Wang, B., Horton, R., & Karlen, D. (2010) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
Outliers in Statistical Data.
Balakrishnan, N., Barnett, V., & Lewis, T. (1995) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533352 · Cited by 1,228 · see citing works
A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics
Clough, T., Condron, L., Kammann, C., & Müller, C. (2013) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy3020275 · Cited by 969 · see citing works
Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity – Results from a short-term pilot field study
Karhu, K., Mattila, T., Bergström, I., & Regina, K. (2011) · Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.005 · Cited by 941 · cited 5× · see citing works
“However, biochar field studies with agricultural crop se or ploughing reported no effects on soil respiration at levels p to 20 t ha−1 (Castaldi et al., 2011; Karhu et al., 2011; Zhang t al., 2012), or increased CO2 emissions from soils amended with 0 t biochar ha−1 (Zhang et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Biochar mediated changes in soil quality and plant growth in a three year field trial
Jones, D. L., Rousk, J., Edwards-Jones, G., DeLuca, T. H., & Murphy, D. V. (2012) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.012 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions
Shindell, D. T., Faluvegi, G., Koch, D. M., Schmidt, G. A., Unger, N., & Bauer, S. E. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1174760 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Physiology, biochemistry, and specific inhibitors of CH4, NH4+, and CO oxidation by methanotrophs and nitrifiers
Bédard, C., & Knowles, R. (1989) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.53.1.68-84.1989 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
The global carbon sink: a grassland perspective
Scurlock, J. M. O., & Hall, D. O. (1998) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00151.x · Cited by 789 · see citing works
Biochar and denitrification in soils: when, how much and why does biochar reduce N2O emissions?
Cayuela, M. L., Sánchez-Monedero, M. A., Roig, A., Hanley, K., Enders, A., & Lehmann, J. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01732 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Relationships between the denitrification capacities of soils and total, water-soluble and readily decomposable soil organic matter
Burford, J. R., & Bremner, J. M. (1975) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(75)90055-3 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions during storage and after application of dairy cattle slurry and influence of slurry treatment
Amon, B., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, T., & Zechmeister‐Boltenstern, S. (2005) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.030 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Linking N2O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community
Harter, J., Krause, H.-M., Schuettler, S., Ruser, R., Fromme, M., Scholten, T., Kappler, A., & Behrens, S. (2014) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.160 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Short term soil priming effects and the mineralisation of biochar following its incorporation to soils of different pH
Luo, Y., Durenkamp, M., De Nobili, M., Lin, Q., & Brookes, P. C. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.020 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Biochar Carbon Stability in a Clayey Soil As a Function of Feedstock and Pyrolysis Temperature
Singh, B. P., Cowie, A. L., & Smernik, R. J. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es302545b · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Ammonia emission from field applied manure and its reduction—invited paper
Sommer, S. G., & Hutchings, N. J. (2001) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/s1161-0301(01)00112-5 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Avoiding dangerous climate change
Schellnhuber, H. J., Crämer, W., Nakićenović, N., Wigley, T. M. L., & Yohe, G. W. (2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-0979 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Short-term biochar-induced increase in soil CO2 release is both biotically and abiotically mediated
Jones, D. L., Murphy, D. V., Khalid, M. A., Ahmad, W., Edwards‐Jones, G., & DeLuca, T. H. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.018 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain
Zhang, A., Liu, Y., Pan, G., Hussain, Q., Li, L., Zheng, J., & Zhang, X. (2012) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0957-x · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Avoiding dangerous climate change
Challinor, A. J., Wheeler, T., Osborne, T., & Slingo, J. M. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · Cited by 533 · see citing works
The priming potential of biochar products in relation to labile carbon contents and soil organic matter status
Cross, A., & Sohi, S. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.016 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
One Step Forward toward Characterization: Some Important Material Properties to Distinguish Biochars
Schimmelpfennig, S., & Glaser, B. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0146 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil
Dempster, D. N., Gleeson, D. B., Solaiman, Z. M., Jones, D. L., & Murphy, D. V. (2012) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1067-5 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2009) · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Evaluation of biochar effects on nitrogen retention and leaching in multi-layered soil columns
Ding, Y., Liu, Y.-X., Wu, W.-X., Shi, D.-Z., Yang, M., & Zhong, Z.-K. (2010) · Water, Air, & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-010-0366-4 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Mechanisms of biochar decreasing methane emission from Chinese paddy soils
Feng, Y., Xu, Y., Yu, Y., Xie, Z., & Lin, X. (2012) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.016 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable
Taghizadeh-Toosi, A., Clough, T. J., Sherlock, R. R., & Condron, L. M. (2012) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
The effect of biochar addition on N2O and CO2 emissions from a sandy loam soil – The role of soil aeration
Case, S. D. C., McNamara, N. P., Reay, D. S., & Whitaker, J. (2012) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.03.017 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils
Ameloot, N., De Neve, S., Jegajeevagan, K., Yildiz, G., Buchan, D., Funkuin, Y. N., Prins, W., Bouckaert, L., & Sleutel, S. (2013) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.025 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Evidence for Fungal Dominance of Denitrification and Codenitrification in a Grassland Soil
Laughlin, R. J., & Stevens, R. J. (2002) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2002.1540 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa willd and on soil-plant relations
Kammann, C. I., Linsel, S., Gößling, J. W., & Koyro, H.-W. (2011) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0771-5 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Factors controlling atmospheric methane consumption by temperate forest soils
Castro, M. S., Steudler, P. A., Melillo, J. M., Aber, J. D., & Bowden, R. D. (1995) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/94gb02651 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Do freeze‐thaw events enhance C and N losses from soils of different ecosystems? A review
Matzner, E., & Borken, W. (2008) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00992.x · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Nitrous oxide emission by nitrification and denitrification in different soil types and at different soil moisture contents and temperatures
Maag, M., & Vinther, F. P. (1996) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/0929-1393(96)00106-0 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Influence of biochars on flux of N2O and CO2 from Ferrosol
ZWIETEN, L. V., Kimber, S. W. L., Morris, S., Downie, A. E., Berger, E., Rust, J., & Scheer, C. (2010) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr10004 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Reducing CH4 and CO2 emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar
Liu, Y., Yang, M., Wu, Y., Wang, H., Chen, Y., & Wu, W. (2011) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-011-0376-x · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Use of Chamber Systems to Measure Trace Gas Fluxes
Hutchinson, G. L., & Livingston, G. P. (1993) · ASA special publication · doi:10.2134/asaspecpub55.c4 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Physiology, biochemistry, and specific inhibitors of CH4, NH4+, and CO oxidation by methanotrophs and nitrifiers.
Bédard, C., & Knowles, R. (1989) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.53.1.68-84.1989 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Automated Gas Chromatographic System for Rapid Analysis of the Atmospheric Trace Gases Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Nitrous Oxide
Loftfield, N., Flessa, H., Augustin, J., & Beese, F. (1997) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600020030x · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilised grassland: A 2-year study of the effects of N fertiliser form and environmental conditions
Clayton, H., McTaggart, I. P., Parker, J., Swan, L., & Smith, K. A. (1997) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s003740050311 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Impact of biochar application to a mediterranean wheat crop on soil microbial activity and greenhouse gas fluxes
Castaldi, S., Riondino, M., Baronti, S., Esposito, F. R., Marzaioli, R., Rutigliano, F. A., Vaccari, F. P., & Miglietta, F. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Biochar and hydrochar effects on greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane) fluxes from soils
Kammann, C., Ratering, S., Eckhard, C., & Müller, C. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0132 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Biochar’s role as an alternative N-fertilizer: Ammonia capture
Spokas, K. A., Novak, J. M., & Venterea, R. T. (2012) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0930-8 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Material derived from hydrothermal carbonization: Effects on plant growth and arbuscular mycorrhiza
Rillig, M. C., Wagner, M., Salem, M., Antunes, P. M., George, C., Ramke, H.-G., Titirici, M.-M., & Antonietti, M. (2010) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.04.011 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Microbial mineralization of biochar and wheat straw mixture in soil: A short-term study
Zavalloni, C., Alberti, G., Biasiol, S., Vedove, G. D., Fornasier, F., Liu, J., & Peressotti, A. (2011) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.07.012 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Carbon Sources for Bacterial Denitrification
Beauchamp, E. G., Trevors, J. T., & Paul, J. W. (1989) · Advances in soil science · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8847-0_3 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Biochar Incorporation into Pasture Soil Suppresses in situ Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Ruminant Urine Patches
Taghizadeh‐Toosi, A., Clough, T. J., Condron, L. M., Sherlock, R. R., Anderson, C. R., & Craigie, R. A. (2011) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0419 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Amending greenroof soil with biochar to affect runoff water quantity and quality
Beck, D. A., Johnson, G. R., & Spolek, G. A. (2011) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.022 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Biochar for the mitigation of nitrate leaching from soil amended with biosolids.
Knowles, O., Robinson, B., Contangelo, A., & Clucas, L. (2011) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.011 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability in Biochar-Amended Soils
Nelson, N. O., Agudelo, S. C., Yuan, W. W., & Gan, J. (2011) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/ss.0b013e3182171eac · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Reduction of nitrogen loss and cu and zn mobility during sludge composting with bamboo charcoal amendment
Hua, L., Wu, W., Liu, Y., McBride, M. B., & Chen, Y. (2009) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-008-0041-0 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Methane oxidation in non-flooded soils as affected by crop production — invited paper
Hütsch, B. W. (2001) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/s1161-0301(01)00110-1 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Biochar and Emissions of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases from Soil
ZWIETEN, L. V., Singh, B., Joseph, S. D., Kimber, S. W. L., Cowie, A., & Chan, K. Y. (2012) · RUNE (Research UNE) · doi:10.4324/9781849770552-20 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Biochar addition indirectly affects N2O emissions via soil moisture and plant N uptake
Saarnio, S., Heimonen, K., & Kettunen, R. (2012) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.035 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Nitrous Oxide Emission from Soils
Sahrawat, K. L., & Keeney, D. R. (1986) · Advances in soil science · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8612-4_2 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Pedogenesis of Chernozems in Central Europe — A review
Eckmeier, E., Gerlach, R., Gehrt, E., & Schmidt, M. W. I. (2007) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.01.009 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Biochar Reduces Short-Term Nitrate Leaching from A Horizon in an Apple Orchard
Ventura, M., Sorrenti, G., Panzacchi, P., George, E., & Tonon, G. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0250 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Application of biochar to soil and N <sub>2</sub> O emissions: potential effects of blending fast‐pyrolysis biochar with anaerobically digested slurry
Bruun, E. W., Müller‐Stöver, D., Ambus, P., & Hauggaard‐Nielsen, H. (2011) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2011.01377.x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
A wood based low-temperature biochar captures NH3-N generated from ruminant urine-N, retaining its bioavailability
Taghizadeh-Toosi, A., Clough, T. J., Sherlock, R. R., & Condron, L. M. (2012) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1010-9 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Biochar affected by composting with farmyard manure
Prost, K., Borchard, N., Siemens, J., Kautz, T., Séquaris, J.-M., Möller, A., & Amelung, W. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0064 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Processes leading to N2O emissions in grassland soil during freezing and thawing
Müller, C., Martín, M. Á. M., Stevens, R. J., Laughlin, R. J., Kammann, C. I., Ottow, J. C. G., & Jäger, H. (2002) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(02)00076-7 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Effects of hydrochar application on the dynamics of soluble nitrogen in soils and on plant availability
Bargmann, I., Rillig, M. C., Kruse, A., Greef, J., & Kücke, M. (2014) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.201300069 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Reducing abrupt climate change risk using the Montreal Protocol and other regulatory actions to complement cuts in CO 2 emissions
Molina, M. J., Zaelke, D., Sarma, K. M., Andersen, S. O., Ramanathan, V., & Kaniaru, D. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0902568106 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes from organic soils under agriculture
Wild, KLEMISCH, & PFADENHAUER (1998) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00156.x · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Bioenergy by‐products as soil amendments? Implications for carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions
Cayuela, M. L., Oenema, O., Kuikman, P. J., Bakker, R. R. C., & van Groenigen, J. W. (2010) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01055.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Biochar is carbon negative
Glaser, B., Parr, M., Braun, C., & Kopolo, G. (2009) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo395 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
SE—Structures and Environment
Misselbrook, T. H., Smith, K. A., Johnson, R. A., & PAIN, B. F. (2002) · Biosystems Engineering · doi:10.1006/bioe.2001.0017 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Simple Biotoxicity Tests for Evaluation of Carbonaceous Soil Additives: Establishment and Reproducibility of Four Test Procedures
Busch, D., Kammann, C. I., Grünhage, L., & Müller, C. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0122 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Seasonal variations in nitrous oxide losses from managed grasslands in The Netherlands
Velthof, G. L., Brader, A. B., & Oenema, O. (1996) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/bf00012061 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Ammonia, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Pig Slurry Applied to a Pasture in New Zealand
Sherlock, R. R., Sommer, S. G., Khan, R. Z., Wood, C. W., Guertal, E. A., Freney, J. R., Dawson, C. O., & Cameron, K. C. (2002) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2002.1491 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Sorption of Pure N2O to Biochars and Other Organic and Inorganic Materials under Anhydrous Conditions
Cornelissen, G., Rutherford, D. W., Arp, H. P. H., Dörsch, P., Kelly, C. N., & Rostad, C. E. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es400676q · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Nitrous oxide emissions from soils due to inputs of nitrogen from excreta return by livestock on grazed grassland in the U.K.
Allen, A. G., Jarvis, S. C., & Headon, D. M. (1996) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00186-7 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Wheat straw and its biochar have contrasting effects on inorganic N retention and N2O production in a cultivated black chernozem
Cheng, Y., Cai, Z.-C., Chang, S. X., Wang, J., & Zhang, J.-B. (2012) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-012-0687-0 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Soil moisture as a predictor of methane uptake by temperate forest soils
Castro, M. S., Melillo, J. M., Steudler, P. A., & Chapman, J. W. (1994) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x94-233 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Different NH4+-inhibition patterns of soil CH4 consumption: A result of distinct CH4-oxidizer populations across sites?
Gulledge, J., Doyle, A. P., & Schimel, J. P. (1997) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(96)00265-9 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Effects of biochar addition on greenhouse gas emissions and microbial responses in a short-term laboratory experiment
Yoo, G., & Kang, H. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0157 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Loss of nitrogen through ammonia volatilisation during and following the application of pig or cattle slurry to grassland
PAIN, B. F., Phillips, V. R., Clarkson, C. R., & Klarenbeek, J. V. (1989) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740470102 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Environmental factors influencing the variability of methane oxidation in temperate zone soils
Czepiel, P. M., Crill, P., & Harriss, R. C. (1995) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/95jd00542 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Calibration of a simple method for determining ammonia volatilization in the field – comparative measurements in Henan Province, China
Pacholski, A., Cai, G., Nieder, R., Richter, J., Fan, X., Zhu, Z., & Roelcke, M. (2006) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10705-006-9003-4 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Switchgrass Biochar Affects Two Aridisols
Ippolito, J. A., Novak, J. M., Busscher, W. J., Ahmedna, M., Rehrah, D. M., & Watts, D. W. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0100 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions from urine-affected soil under controlled conditions
Monaghan, R. M., & Barraclough, D. (1993) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/bf00010793 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Biochar and bioenergy production for climate change mitigation
Winsley, P. H. (2007) · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Short-term C and N dynamics in a soil amended with pig slurry and barley straw: a field experiment
Chantigny, M. H., Rochette, P., & Angers, D. A. (2001) · Canadian Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.4141/s00-046 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Kinetics of Carbon Mineralization of Biochars Compared with Wheat Straw in Three Soils
Qayyum, M. F., Steffens, D., Reisenauer, H. P., & Schubert, S. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0058 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Seasonal variability and mitigation options for N2O emissions from differently managed grasslands
Kammann, C. I., Grünhage, L., Müller, C., Jacobi, S., & Jäger, H. (1998) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(98)80031-6 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Charcoal addition to soils in NE England: A carbon sink with environmental co-benefits?
Bell, M. J., & Worrall, F. (2011) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.031 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Sorption of copper (II) and sulphate to different biochars before and after composting with farmyard manure
Borchard, N., Prost, K., Kautz, T., Moeller, A., & Siemens, J. (2012) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2012.01446.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Methane Oxidation in Slurry Storage Surface Crusts
Petersen, S. O., Amon, B., & Gattinger, A. (2005) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2005.455 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Elevated CO2 stimulates N2O emissions in permanent grassland
Kammann, C. I., Müller, C., Grünhage, L., & Jäger, H. (2008) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Impacts of greenwaste biochar on ammonia volatilisation from bauxite processing residue sand
Chen, C. R., Phillips, I. R., Condron, L. M., Goloran, J., Xu, Z. H., & Chan, K. Y. (2012) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-012-1468-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Quantification of priming and CO 2 respiration sources following slurry‐C incorporation into two grassland soils with different C content
Bol, R. A., Moering, J., Kuzyakov, Y. V., & Amelung, W. (2003) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.1184 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Atmospheric Methane Consumption by Forest Soils and Extracted Bacteria at Different pH Values
Amaral, J. A., Ren, T., & Knowles, R. (1998) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.64.7.2397-2402.1998 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Degradation of grass-derived pyrogenic organic material, transport of the residues within a soil column and distribution in soil organic matter fractions during a 28month microcosm experiment
Hilscher, A., & Knicker, H. (2010) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.10.005 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Hydrothermally carbonized plant materials: Patterns of volatile organic compounds detected by gas chromatography
Becker, R., Dorgerloh, U., Helmis, M., Mumme, J., Diakité, M., & Irene Nehls, A. (2012) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.102 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ammonia Volatilization from Pig Slurry Applied with Trail Hoses or Broadspread to Winter Wheat: Effects of Crop Developmental Stage, Microclimate, and Leaf Ammonia Absorption
Sommer, S. G., Friis, E., Bach, A., & Schjørring, J. K. (1997) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040030x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Evidence that fungi can oxidize NH 4 + to NO 3 − in a grassland soil
Laughlin, R. J., Stevens, R. J., Müller, C., & Watson, C. J. (2008) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00995.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Biochar and earthworm effects on soil nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions
Augustenborg, C. A., Hepp, S., Kammann, C., Hagan, D., Schmidt, O., & Müller, C. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0119 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Growth Reduction Caused by Hydrochar Is Related to Nitrogen Supply
Gajić, A., & Koch, H. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0237 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Methane fluxes following slurry applications to grassland soils: laboratory experiments
Chadwick, D. R., & PAIN, B. F. (1997) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(96)01119-x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Soil biochar amendment in a nature restoration area: effects on plant productivity and community composition
van de Voorde, T. F. J., Bezemer, Т. M., van Groenigen, J. W., Jeffery, S., & Mommer, L. (2014) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/13-0578.1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Greenhouse gas emissions from a wastewater sludge-amended soil cultivated with wheat (Triticum spp. L.) as affected by different application rates of charcoal
Aguilar-Chávez, Á., Díaz-Rojas, M., Cárdenas-Aquino, M. D. R., Dendooven, L., & Luna-Guido, M. L. (2012) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.022 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Carbon mineralization, nitrogen immobilization and pH change in soil after adding volatile fatty acids
Sørensen, P. B. (1998) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.4930457.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Stabilisation of atmospheric greenhouse gases: Physical, biological, and socio-economic implications
Joos, F., Ogana, W., SCHIMEL, D. S., Moos, R., Kaufmann, R. K., Grubb, M. J., & Wigley, T. (1997) · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Stickstofffraktionen verschiedener Güllen und deren Wirkung im Pflanzenversuch
Amberger, A., Vilsmeier, K., & Gutser, R. (1982) · Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde · doi:10.1002/jpln.19821450403 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Intrinsic degradation of volatile fatty acids in laboratory-compacted clayey soil
Hrapovic, L., & Rowe, R. K. (2002) · Journal of Contaminant Hydrology · doi:10.1016/s0169-7722(02)00038-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sequential reduction of nitrate and nitrous oxide under field conditions as brought about by organic amendments and irrigation management
Focht, D. D., Stolzy, L. H., & Meek, B. D. (1979) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(79)90116-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Effects of liming and nitrogen application on the trace element concentrations of pastures in low mountain range
Laser, H. (2007) · Plant Soil and Environment · doi:10.17221/2222-pse · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Einflußfaktoren auf die Ammoniakfreisetzung aus Flüssigmist als Grundlage verfahrenstechnischer Verbesserungen
Gronauer, A. (1993) · mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Biochar and biological carbon cycling in temperate soils
McCormack, S. A., Vanbergen, A. J., Bardgett, R. D., HOPKINS, D. W., & Ostle, N. (2012) · EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Biochar as soil amendment
Alvum-Toll, K., Karlsson, T., & Ström, H. (2011) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Keimung, Wachstum und Nährstoffdynamik in Boden und Pflanze nach dem Einbringen von Biokohlen aus hydrothermaler Carbonierung ( Hydrochar) und Pyrolyse (Biochar)
Bargmann, I., Greef, J. M., & Kücke, M. (2012) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 124 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications
Kambo, H. S., & Dutta, A. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.050 · Cited by 1,746 · see citing works
A review of the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste for hydrochar formation: Process conditions, fundamentals, and physicochemical properties
Wang, T., Zhai, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, C., & Zeng, G. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.071 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar-compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil
Agegnehu, G., Bass, A. M., Nelson, P. N., & Bird, M. I. (2016) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.054 · Cited by 909 · see citing works
Minireview of potential applications of hydrochar derived from hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
Fang, J., Zhan, L., Ok, Y. S., & Gao, B. (2017) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.026 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications
Masoumi, S., Borugadda, V. B., Nanda, S., & Dalai, A. K. (2021) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal11080939 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
“Kammann et al. (2012) and Schimmelpfennig et al. (2014) noticed identical outcomes, i.e., the emission of CO 2 and CH 4 during their carbon sequestration study using hydrochars derived from ryegrass and peanut hulls and Miscanthus giganteus as feedstocks [86,115].”
BackgroundMethod
Carbon Sequestration Strategies in Soil Using Biochar: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities
Luo, L., Wang, J., Lv, J., Liu, Z., Sun, T., Yang, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c02620 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Production and characterization of hydrochars and their application in soil improvement and environmental remediation
Khosravi, A., Zheng, H., Liu, Q., Hashemi, M., Tang, Y., & Xing, B. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.133142 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Life cycle assessment of sewage sludge treatment and disposal based on nutrient and energy recovery: A review
Ding, A., Zhang, R., Ngo, H. H., He, X., Ma, J., Nan, J., & Li, G. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144451 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
BIOCHAR AS A TOOL TO REDUCE THE AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE-GAS BURDEN – KNOWNS, UNKNOWNS AND FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS
Kammann, C. I., Ippolito, J. A., Hagemann, N., Borchard, N., Cayuela, M. L., Estavillo, J. M., Fuertes‐Mendizábal, T., Jeffery, S., Kern, J., NOVAK, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management · doi:10.3846/16486897.2017.1319375 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
The molar H:Corg ratio of biochar is a key factor in mitigating N2O emissions from soil
Cayuela, M. L., Jeffery, S., & van Zwieten, L. (2015) · Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.12.015 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge: A critical analysis of process severity, hydrochar properties and environmental implications
Tasca, A. L., Puccini, M., Gori, R., Corsi, I., Galletti, A. M. R., & Vitolo, S. (2019) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.027 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Effects of maize stover and its biochar on soil CO2 emissions and labile organic carbon fractions in Northeast China
Yang, X., Meng, J., Lan, Y., Chen, W., Yang, T., Yuan, J. J., Liu, S., & Han, J. (2017) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2017.02.001 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
New Evidence for High Sorption Capacity of Hydrochar for Hydrophobic Organic Pollutants
Han, L., Ro, K. S., Sun, K., Sun, H., Wang, Z., Libra, J. A., & Xing, B. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b02401 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Sustainable mechanisms of biochar derived from brewers' spent grain and sewage sludge for ammonia–nitrogen capture
Zhang, J., & Wang, Q. (2015) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.096 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Sewage sludge derived biochar for environmental improvement: Advances, challenges, and solutions
Zhao, L., Sun, Z.-F., Pan, X., Tan, J.-Y., Yang, S.-S., Wu, J., Chen, C., Yuan, Y., & Ren, N. (2023) · Water Research X · doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100167 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Valorisation of food waste via hydrothermal carbonisation and techno-economic feasibility assessment
Saqib, N. U., Sharma, H. B., Baroutian, S., Dubey, B., & Sarmah, A. K. (2019) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.484 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Hydrothermal carbonization, torrefaction and slow pyrolysis of Miscanthus giganteus
Wilk, M., & Magdziarz, A. (2017) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.031 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Relating physical and chemical properties of four different biochars and their application rate to biomass production of Lolium perenne on a Calcic Cambisol during a pot experiment of 79days
de la Rosa, J. M., Paneque, M., Miller, A. Z., & Knicker, H. (2014) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.025 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
pH effects of the addition of three biochars to acidic Indonesian mineral soils
Martinsen, V, Alling, V, Nurida, N., Mulder, J., Hale, S., Ritz, C., Rutherford, D., Heikens, A., Breedveld, G., & Cornelissen, G. (2015) · Soil Science and Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/00380768.2015.1052985 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Does biochar accelerate the mitigation of greenhouse gaseous emissions from agricultural soil? - A global meta-analysis
Shakoor, A., Arif, M. S., Shahzad, S. M., Farooq, T. H., Ashraf, F., Altaf, M. M., Ahmed, W., Tufail, M. A., & Ashraf, M. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111789 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Biochar for Soil Improvement: Evaluation of Biochar from Gasification and Slow Pyrolysis
Fryda, L. E., & Visser, R. (2015) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture5041076 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Effects of biochar application on fluxes of three biogenic greenhouse gases: a meta‐analysis
Song, X., Pan, G., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2016) · Ecosystem Health and Sustainability · doi:10.1002/ehs2.1202 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Biochar decreases soil N2O emissions in Moso bamboo plantations through decreasing labile N concentrations, N-cycling enzyme activities and nitrification/denitrification rates
Song, Y., Li, Y., Cai, Y., Fu, S., Luo, Y., Wang, H., Liang, C., Lin, Z., Hu, S., Li, Y., et al. (2019) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.04.025 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Oxidation resistance of biochars as a function of feedstock and pyrolysis condition
Han, L., Ro, K. S., Wang, Y., Sun, K., Sun, H., Libra, J. A., & Xing, B. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.014 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Effects of biochar, earthworms, and litter addition on soil microbial activity and abundance in a temperate agricultural soil
Bamminger, C., Zaiser, N., Zinsser, P., Lamers, M., Kammann, C. I., & Marhan, S. (2014) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-014-0968-x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Designing advanced biochar products for maximizing greenhouse gas mitigation potential
Mandal, S., Sarkar, B., Bolan, N. S., Novak, J., Ok, Y. S., ZWIETEN, L. V., Singh, B. P., Kirkham, M. B., Choppala, G., Spokas, K. A., et al. (2016) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2016.1239975 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Hydrochar-based soil amendments for agriculture: a review of recent progress
Islam, M. A., Limon, S. H., Romić, M., & Islam, M. A. (2021) · Arabian Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.1007/s12517-020-06358-8 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Responses of soil greenhouse gas emissions to different application rates of biochar in a subtropical Chinese chestnut plantation
Lu, X., Li, Y., Wang, H., Singh, B. P., Hu, S., Luo, Y., Li, J., Xiao, Y., Cai, X., & Li, Y. (2019) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.03.001 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Emission of CO 2 from biochar‐amended soils and implications for soil organic carbon
Sagrilo, E., Jeffery, S., Hoffland, E., & Kuyper, T. W. (2014) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12234 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Biochar has no effect on soil respiration across Chinese agricultural soils
Liu, X., Zheng, J., Zhang, D., Cheng, K., Zhou, H., Zhang, A., Li, L., Joseph, S. D., Smith, P., Crowley, D. E., et al. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.179 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Elaboration, characteristics and advantages of biochars for the management of contaminated soils with a specific overview on Miscanthus biochars
Janus, A., Pelfrêne, A., Heymans, S., Deboffe, C., Douay, F., & Waterlot, C. (2015) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.07.056 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The role of biochars in sustainable crop production and soil resiliency
Jiang, Z., Lian, F., Wang, Z., & Xing, B. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erz301 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Recent advances in environmental and agricultural applications of hydrochars: A review
Al-Nuaimy, M. N. M., Azizi, N., Nural, Y., & Yabalak, E. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117923 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Biochar modulates mineral nitrogen dynamics in soil and terrestrial ecosystems: A critical review
Ahmad, Z., Mosa, A. A., Zhan, L., & Gao, B. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130378 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Toward a Better Assessment of Biochar–Nitrous Oxide Mitigation Potential at the Field Scale
Verhoeven, E., Pereira, E. I. P., Decock, C., Suddick, E. C., Angst, T. E., & Six, J. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2016.10.0396 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Biowaste to treasure: Application of microbial-aged hydrochar in rice paddy could improve nitrogen use efficiency and rice grain free amino acids
Yu, S., Feng, Y., Xue, L., Sun, H., Han, L., Yang, L., Sun, Q., & Chu, Q. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118180 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Does soil aging affect the N<sub>2</sub>O mitigation potential of biochar? A combined microcosm and field study
Hagemann, N., Harter, J., Kaldamukova, R., Guzman‐Bustamante, I., Ruser, R., Graeff, S., Kappler, A., & Behrens, S. (2017) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12390 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
BIOCHARS IN SOILS: TOWARDS THE REQUIRED LEVEL OF SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING
Tammeorg, P., Bastos, A. C., Jeffery, S., Rees, F., Kern, J., Gräber, E. R., Ventura, M., Kibblewhite, M., Amaro, A., Budai, A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management · doi:10.3846/16486897.2016.1239582 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) and its influence on soil microbial community composition, function, and activity: A review
Azeem, M., Sun, T., Jeyasundar, P. G. S. A., Han, R., Li, H., Abdelrahman, H. M., Shaheen, S. M., Zhu, Y., & Li, G. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2023.2190333 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Effect of biochar and hydrochar from cow manure and reed straw on lettuce growth in an acidified soil
Yin, S., Zhang, X., Suo, F., You, X., Yuan, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhang, C., & Li, Y. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134191 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hydrothermal Carbonization for Hydrochar Production and Its Application
Zhang, S., Zhu, X., Zhou, S., Shang, H., Luo, J., & Tsang, D. C. W. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811729-3.00015-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Assessment of Orange Peel Hydrochar as a Soil Amendment: Impact on Clay Soil Physical Properties and Potential Phytotoxicity
Kalderis, D., Papameletiou, G., & Kayan, B. (2018) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-018-0364-0 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste: A comparative review on the conversion pathways and potential applications of char product
Yang, J., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Zhao, Y. J., Zhao, Y. J., Qian, J., & Wang, T. (2023) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2023.101106 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Municipal Woody and Herbaceous Prunings: Hydrochar Valorisation as Soil Amendment and Growth Medium for Horticulture
Puccini, M., Ceccarini, L., Antichi, D., Seggiani, M., Tavarini, S., Latorre, M. H., & Vitolo, S. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10030846 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
In Situ Persistence and Migration of Biochar Carbon and Its Impact on Native Carbon Emission in Contrasting Soils under Managed Temperate Pastures
Singh, B. P., Fang, Y., Boersma, M., Collins, D. P., ZWIETEN, L. V., & Macdonald, L. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141560 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Impact of hydrochar on rice paddy CH4 and N2O emissions: A comparative study with pyrochar
Zhou, B., Feng, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, L., Xue, L., & Xing, B. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.056 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Recent Progress on Emerging Applications of Hydrochar
Islam, M. T., Sultana, A. I., Chambers, C., Saha, S., Saha, N., Kirtania, K., & Reza, M. T. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15249340 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Spent coffee grounds by-products and their influence on soil C–N dynamics
Cervera-Mata, A., Delgado, G., Fernández-Arteaga, A., Fornasier, F., & Mondini, C. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114075 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Molecular and microbial insights towards understanding the effects of hydrochar on methane emission from paddy soil
Ji, M., Sang, W., Tsang, D. C. W., Usman, M., Zhang, S., & Luo, G. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136769 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Influence of biochar on soil air permeability and greenhouse gas emissions in vegetated soil: A review
Wang, Y., Gu, J., & Ni, J. (2023) · Biogeotechnics · doi:10.1016/j.bgtech.2023.100040 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Hydrochar reduced NH3 volatilization from rice paddy soil: Microbial-aging rather than water-washing is recommended before application
Yu, S., Xue, L., Feng, Y., Liu, Y., Song, Z., Mandal, S., Yang, L., Sun, Q., & Xing, B. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122233 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Recent advancements on biochars enrichment with ammonium and nitrates from wastewaters: A critical review on benefits for environment and agriculture
Jellali, S., El-Bassi, L., Charabi, Y., Usman, M., Khiari, B., Al-Wardy, M., & Jeguirim, M. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114368 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Grassland Carbon Sequestration Ability in China: A New Perspective from Terrestrial Aridity Zones
Chen, Y., Mu, S., Sun, Z., Gang, C., Li, J., Padarian, J., Groisman, P., Chen, J., & Li, S. (2015) · Rangeland Ecology & Management · doi:10.1016/j.rama.2015.09.003 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The influence of hydrochar from biogas digestate on soil improvement and plant growth aspects
de Jager, M., Röhrdanz, M., & Giani, L. (2020) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-020-00054-2 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Food waste to hydrochar: A potential approach towards the Sustainable Development Goals, carbon neutrality, and circular economy
Dhull, S. B., Rose, P. K., Rani, J., Gökşen, G., & Bains, A. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.151609 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Effect of biochar and liming on soil nitrous oxide emissions from a temperate maize cropping system
Hüppi, R., Felber, R., Neftel, A., Six, J., & Leifeld, J. (2015) · SOIL · doi:10.5194/soil-1-707-2015 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Soil amendments alter plant biomass and soil microbial activity in a semi-desert grassland
Farella, M. M., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2017) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-017-3327-5 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Wood vinegar and biochar co-application mitigates nitrous oxide and methane emissions from rice paddy soil: A two-year experiment
Feng, Y., Li, D., Sun, H., Xue, L., Zhou, B., Yang, L., Liu, J., & Xing, B. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115403 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sustainable Drying and Torrefaction Processes of Miscanthus for Use as a Pelletized Solid Biofuel and Biocarbon-Carrier for Fertilizers
Szufa, S., Piersa, P., Adrian, Ł., Czerwińska, J., Lewandowski, A., Lewandowska, W., Sielski, J., Dzikuć, M., Wróbel, M., Jewiarz, M., et al. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26041014 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The change of heavy metals fractions during hydrochar decomposition in soils amended with different municipal sewage sludge hydrochars
Yue, Y., Yao, Y., Lin, Q., Li, G., & Zhao, X. (2016) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-015-1312-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Hydrochar enhances growth of poplar for bioenergy while marginally contributing to direct soil carbon sequestration
Baronti, S., Alberti, G., Camin, F., Criscuoli, I., Genesio, L., Mass, R., Vaccari, F. P., Ziller, L., & Miglietta, F. (2017) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12450 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Extractable pool of biochar controls on crop productivity rather than greenhouse gas emission from a rice paddy under rice-wheat rotation
Korai, P. K., Xia, X., Liu, X., Bian, R., Omondi, M. O., Nahayo, A., & Pan, G. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19331-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Modified biochar reduces the greenhouse gas emission intensity and enhances the net ecosystem economic budget in black soil soybean fields
Gong, Y., Hou, R., Fu, Q., Li, T., Wang, J., Su, Z., Shen, W., Zhou, W., Wang, Y., & Li, M. (2023) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2023.105978 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A Dialogue on Perspectives of Biochar Applications and Its Environmental Risks
Qadeer, S., Anjum, M., Khalid, A., Waqas, M., Batool, A., & Mahmood, T. (2017) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-017-3428-z · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Biochar and manure alter few aspects of prairie development: A field test
Biederman, L., Phelps, J. P., Ross, B. J., Polzin, M., & Harpole, W. S. (2016) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.016 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Ryegrass yield and nutrient status after biochar application in two Mediterranean soils
Manolikaki, I., & Diamadopoulos, E. (2016) · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science · doi:10.1080/03650340.2016.1267341 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Biomass-Derived Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Trapping Ammonia
Takaya, C. A., Parmar, K. R., Fletcher, L. A., & Ross, A. B. (2019) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture9010016 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Enhanced phosphorus removal of constructed wetland modified with novel Lanthanum-ammonia-modified hydrothermal biochar: Performance and mechanism
Shang, Z., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Jin, F., & Hu, Z. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.137818 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effects of different biochars and digestate on N2O fluxes under field conditions
Dicke, C., Andert, J., Ammon, C., Kern, J., Meyer‐Aurich, A., & Kaupenjohann, M. (2015) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.005 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
An overview of forest residues as promising low-cost adsorbents
Vieira, Y., dos Santos, J. M. N., Georgin, J., Oliveira, M. L. S., Pinto, D. C., & Dotto, G. L. (2021) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2021.06.018 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Persistence in soil of Miscanthus biochar in laboratory and field conditions
Rasse, D. P., Budai, A., O’Toole, A., Ma, X., Rumpel, C., & Abiven, S. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184383 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Assessment of crop residue and palm shell biochar incorporation on greenhouse gas emissions during the fallow and crop growing seasons of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Basalirwa, D., Sudo, S., Wacal, C., Fuyumi, A., Oo, A. Z., Koyama, S., Sasagawa, D., Yamamoto, S., Masunaga, T., & Nishihara, E. (2019) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2019.104435 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Biochar reduces N2O emission from fertilized cropland soils: a meta-analysis
Zhong, L., Wang, P., Gu, Z., Song, Y., Cai, X., Yu, G., Xu, X., & Kuzyakov, Y. V. (2025) · Carbon Research · doi:10.1007/s44246-025-00198-5 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Combining biochar and organic amendments
Kammann, C. I., Glaser, B., & Schmidt, H. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9781315884462-15 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hydrothermal Carbonization‐Derived Carbon from Waste Biomass as Renewable Pt Support for Fuel Cell Applications: Role of Carbon Activation
Schonvogel, D., Nowotny, M., Woriescheck, T., Multhaupt, H., Wagner, P., Dyck, A., Agert, C., & Wark, M. (2019) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.201900344 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Unraveling the fascinating connection between hydrochar feedstock and methane emissions in rice paddy soil: Insights from microorganisms and organic matter
Miao, J., Ji, M., Xiao, L., Liu, F., Ming, W., & Sang, W. (2023) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.144957 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Changes in macro‐ and micronutrient contents of grasses and forbs following M iscanthus x giganteus feedstock, hydrochar and biochar application to temperate grassland
Schimmelpfennig, S., Kammann, C. I., Moser, G. M., Grünhage, L., & Müller, C. (2015) · Grass and Forage Science · doi:10.1111/gfs.12158 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Emissions intensity and carbon stocks of a tropical Ultisol after amendment with Tithonia green manure, urea and biochar
Fungo, B., Lehmann, J. C., Kalbitz, K., Tenywa, M. M., Thionģo, M., & Neufeldt, H. (2017) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.05.013 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Application of hydrochar and pyrochar to manure is not effective for mitigation of ammonia emissions from cattle slurry and poultry manure
Gronwald, M., Helfrich, M., Don, A., Fuß, R., Well, R., & Flessa, H. (2018) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-018-1273-x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Using Date Palm Residues to Improve Soil Properties: The Case of Compost and Biochar
Kavvadias, V. A., Guyader, E. L., Mazlouzi, M. E., Gommeaux, M., Boumaraf, B., Moussa, M., Lamine, H., Sbih, M., Zoghlami, R. I., Guimeur, K., et al. (2024) · Soil Systems · doi:10.3390/soilsystems8030069 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Plant growth responses to soil-applied hydrothermally-carbonised waste amendments: a meta-analysis
Luutu, H., Rose, M. T., McIntosh, S. R., ZWIETEN, L. V., & Rose, T. J. (2021) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-021-05185-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Biochar Improves Soil Fertility and Crop Performance: A Case Study of Nigeria
Zubairu, A. M., Michéli, E., Ocansey, C. M., Boros, N., Rétháti, G., Lehoczky, É., & Gulyás, M. (2023) · Soil Systems · doi:10.3390/soilsystems7040105 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Potential Use of Waste Activated Sludge Hydrothermally Treated as a Renewable Fuel or Activated Carbon Precursor
Villamil, J. A., Díaz, E., la Rubia, M. A. D., & Mohedano, A. F. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25153534 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Recent Advances on Innovative Materials from Biowaste Recycling for the Removal of Environmental Estrogens from Water and Soil
Loffredo, E. (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15051894 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The stability of carbon from a maize-derived hydrochar as a function of fractionation and hydrothermal carbonization temperature in a Podzol
de Jager, M., Schröter, F., Wark, M., & Giani, L. (2022) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-022-00175-w · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of dairy processing sludge and derived biochar on greenhouse gas emissions from Danish and Irish soils
Hu, Y., Thomsen, T. P., Fenton, O. S., Sommer, S. G., Shi, W., & Cui, W. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114543 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Water-washed hydrochar in rice paddy soil reduces N2O and CH4 emissions: A whole growth period investigation
Chen, D., Zhou, Y., Xu, C., Lu, X., Liu, Y., Yu, S., & Feng, Y. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116573 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Environmental benefits and risks of biochar application to soil
Arbestain, M. C., Saggar, S., & Leifeld, J. (2014) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.014 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Evaluating climate change mitigation potential of hydrochars: compounding insights from three different indicators
Owsianiak, M., Brooks, J., Renz, M., & Laurent, A. (2017) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12484 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Towards the implementation of hydrothermal carbonization for nutrients, carbon, and energy recovery in centralized biogas plant treating sewage sludge
Hämäläinen, A., Kokko, M. E., Tolvanen, H., Kinnunen, V., & Rintala, J. A. (2023) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition varies with biochar application and soil type
Rittl, T. F., Canisares, L. P., Sagrilo, E., Butterbach‐Bahl, K., Dannenmann, M., & Cerri, C. E. P. (2020) · Pedosphere · doi:10.1016/s1002-0160(20)60013-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Microbial community shifts 2.6 years after top dressing of Miscanthus biochar, hydrochar and feedstock on a temperate grassland site
Rex, D., Schimmelpfennig, S., Jansen‐Willems, A., Moser, G. M., Kammann, C. I., & Müller, C. (2015) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2618-y · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Comparative evaluation of dry and wet carbonization of agro industrial wastes for the production of soil improver
Duman, G., Toptas, A., Uçar, S., & Yanık, J. (2018) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2018.05.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Comparative assessment of metribuzin sorption efficiency of biochar, hydrochar and vermicompost
Loffredo, E., Parlavecchia, M., Perri, G., & Gattullo, R. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B · doi:10.1080/03601234.2019.1632643 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Will Biochar Suppress or Stimulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agricultural Fields? Unveiling the Dice Game through Data Syntheses
Li, S., & Chan, C. Y. (2022) · Soil Systems · doi:10.3390/soilsystems6040073 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hydrochar and hydrochar co-compost from OFMSW digestate for soil application: 2. agro-environmental properties
Bona, D., Scrinzi, D., Tonon, G., Ventura, M., Nardin, T., Zottele, F., Andreis, D., Andreottola, G., Fiori, L., & Silvestri, S. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114894 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Application of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Fertilizers in Soils
Bisinoti, M. C., Moreira, A. B., Melo, C. A., Fregolente, L. G., Bento, L. R., dos Santos, J. V., & Ferreira, O. P. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814829-7.00008-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Potential for Sustainable Mountain Farming: Challenges and Prospects for Sustainable Smallholder Farming in the Maloti–Drakensberg Mountains
Adelabu, D. B., Clark, V. R., & Bredenhand, E. (2020) · Mountain Research and Development · doi:10.1659/mrd-journal-d-19-00058.1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Correlating the chemical properties and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter released from hydrochar of walnut shells
Hu, Z., Shi, X., & Jiang, H. T. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Novel kapok pods (Ceiba pentandra (l.) Gaerth) adsorbent and its reusability by transformation on hydrochar with an outstanding adsorptive capacity for Rhodamine B removal
Vasconcelos, K. C., Alencar, S. G., Ferro, A. B., Oliveira, L. F. A. M., Fonseca, E. J. S., Bernardo, V. B., Zanta, C. L. D. P. E. S., Duarte, J. L. D. S., & Oliveira, L. M. T. M. (2023) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2023.124787 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Carbon sequestration in temperate grassland soil : risks and opportunities of biochar and hydrochar application
Schimmelpfennig, S., & Justus Liebig University Giessen (2015) · University writing server of the Justus Liebig University Giessen (Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen) · doi:10.22029/jlupub-10338
Effects of biochar, hydrochar and nitrogen fertilization on greenhouse gas fluxes, soil organic carbon pools, and biomass yield of a boreal legume grassland
Bhattarai, H. R., Honkanen, E., Ruhanen, H., Soinnie, H., Gil, J., Saghir, S., Lappalainen, R., & Shurpali, N. (2025) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-025-00496-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Changes in macro‐ and micronutrient contents of grasses and forbs following M iscanthus x giganteus feedstock, hydrochar and biochar application to temperate grassland
Schimmelpfennig, S., Kammann, C. I., Moser, G. M., Grünhage, L., & Müller, C. (2015) · Grass and Forage Science · doi:10.1111/gfs.12158 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Degradation of Miscanthus × giganteus biochar, hydrochar and feedstock under the influence of disturbance events
Schimmelpfennig, S., Kammann, C. I., Mumme, J., Marhan, S., Bamminger, C., Moser, G. M., & Müller, C. (2017) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.01.006 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Biochar and its manure-based feedstock have divergent effects on soil organic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in croplands
Gross, C. D., Bork, E. W., Carlyle, C. N., & Chang, S. X. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151337 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

Authors: Schimmelpfennig, S., Müller, C., Grünhage, L., Koch, C., & Kammann, C.
Affiliations: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
University College Dublin (IE)
Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (DE)
Corresponding author: Schimmelpfennig, Sonja
ORCID: Schimmelpfennig, Sonja
Müller, Christoph
Kammann, Claudia
Venue: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-06
Volume: 191
Pages: 39-52
ISSN: 0167-8809 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027
OpenAlex: W2044125096
Cited by: 174
References: 124
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 4
FWCI: 24.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment (publishedVersion)
OpenAgrar (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
Keywords: biochar, hydrochar, Miscanthus × giganteus, pig slurry, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sequestration, nitrous oxide emissions, methane oxidation, ammonia emissions, ecosystem respiration, perennial ryegrass, plant growth, floristic composition, nitrogen retention

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Biochar, hydrochar and uncarbonized feedstock application to permanent grassland—Effects on greenhouse gas emissions and plant growth

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks