Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers.
Open accessAbstract
Aims The main aim of this study was to test whether automatic action‐tendencies to approach alcohol can be modified, and whether this affects drinking behaviour. Design and participants Forty‐two hazardous drinkers were assigned randomly to a condition in which they were implicitly trained to avoid or to approach alcohol, using a training variety of the alcohol Approach Avoidance Test (AAT). Participants pushed or pulled a joystick in response to picture‐format (landscape or portrait). The pictures depicted alcoholic or non‐alcoholic drinks. Participants in the avoid‐alcohol condition pushed most alcoholic and pulled most non‐alcoholic drinks. For participants in the approach‐alcohol condition these contingencies were reversed. After the implicit training, participants performed a taste test, including beers and soft drinks. Automatic action tendencies at post‐test were assessed with the AAT, including both trained and untrained pictures, and with a different test (Implicit Association Test, IAT). We further tested effects on subjective craving. Results Action tendencies for alcohol changed in accordance with training condition, with the largest effects in the clinically relevant avoid‐alcohol condition. These effects occurred outside subjective awareness and generalized to new pictures in the AAT and to an entirely different test using words, rather than pictures (IAT). In relatively heavy drinking participants who demonstrated changed action tendencies in accordance with their training condition, effects were found on drinking behaviour, with participants in the approach‐alcohol condition drinking more alcohol than participants in the avoid‐alcohol condition. No effect was found on subjective craving. Conclusions Retraining automatic processes may help to regain control over addictive impulses, which points to new treatment possibilities.
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Impulsive actions entail selective attentional bias, overattending to what fits the impulsive action in course and neglecting other information.
“Impulsive actions entail selective attentional bias, overattending to what fits the impulsive action in course, and neglecting other information (e.g., Wiers et al., 2010).”
From Impulsive action: emotional impulses and their control (2014) · cites this paper as Wiers et al., 2010
The Introduction says alcohol-related stimuli can automatically capture a problem drinker’s attention and elicit tendencies to approach alcohol. It does not say that impulsive actions generally direct attention toward action-congruent information or cause other information to be neglected. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Wiers, R. W., Rinck, M., Kordts, R., Houben, K., & Strack, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Wiers, Reinout W.
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-01-11
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 279-287
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W2136850887
- Cited by
- 582
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 22.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiteit Maastricht
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- approach-avoidance behavior, alcohol, implicit training, Implicit Association Test, alcohol craving, drinking behavior, addiction treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Avoidance Learning, Conditioning, Classical, Cues, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Visual Perception, Behavior, Addictive, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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