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Cited by 364

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Culture and Facial Expression: Open-ended Methods Find More Expressions and a Gradient of Recognition

Haidt, Jonathan, Keltner, Dacher·1999·Cognition & Emotion
DOI 10.1080/026999399379267
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Abstract

We used multiple methods to examine two questions about emotion and culture: (1) Which facial expressions are recognised cross-culturally; and (2) does the “forced-choice” method lead to spurious findings of universality? Forty participants in the US and 40 in India were shown 14 facial expressions and asked to say what had happened to cause the person to make the face. Analyses of the social situations given and of the affect words spontaneously used showed high levels of recognition for most of the expressions. A subsequent forced-choice task using the same faces confirmed these findings. Analysis of the pattern of magnitude, discreteness, and similarity of responses across cultures and expressions led to the conclusion that there is no neat distinction between cross-culturally recognisable and nonrecognisable expressions. Results are better described as a gradient of recognition.

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Citations

Cites

Show all 9 references

Research works printed but not linked: 56

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Metadata

Authors
Haidt, J., & Keltner, D.
Venue
Cognition & Emotion
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1999-05
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
225-266
ISSN
  • 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-0600
DOI
10.1080/026999399379267
OpenAlex
W2126287157
Cited by
364
References
9
FWCI
3.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Culture and Facial Expression: Open-ended Methods Find More Expressions and a Gradient of Recognition. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/026999399379267
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Haidt, J., & Keltner, D. (1999). Culture and Facial Expression: Open-ended Methods Find More Expressions and a Gradient of Recognition. Cognition & Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379267

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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