Oxidative Stress and Iron Homeostasis: Mechanistic and Health Aspects
Abstract
Iron is an essential cofactor for important biological activities and biochemical reactions, including the transport of oxygen via red blood cells and its reduction to water during respiration. While iron's bioavailability is generally limited, pathological accumulation of the metal within tissues aggravates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicits toxic effects, which are mainly related to oxidative stress. Here, we describe the role of iron in ROS-induced toxicity and discuss molecular mechanisms and physiological aspects of ROS- and iron-mediated signaling. In addition, we review our current understanding of the regulation of iron homeostasis at the cellular and systemic levels, and focus on the pathogenesis and management of iron overload disorders.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Reactions of peroxide and superoxide with poorly liganded iron species can lead to catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging and a major cause of chronic inflammation.
“Possibly the commonest means by which such much more damaging species, in particular the hydroxyl radical, are created is by reaction with unliganded or incompletely liganded iron ions [61-63].”
The commonest means by which hydroxyl radical is created is reaction with unliganded or incompletely liganded iron ions.
“Possibly the commonest means by which such much more damaging species, in particular the hydroxyl radical, are created is by reaction with unliganded or incompletely liganded iron ions [61-63].”
Cites
McCord, J. M., & Fridovich, I. (1969) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63504-5 · Cited by 12,952 · see citing works
Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease
Pacher, P., Beckman, J. S., & Liaudet, L. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2006 · Cited by 6,390 · see citing works
Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs.
Chance, B., Sies, H., & Boveris, A. (1979) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1979.59.3.527 · Cited by 5,827 · see citing works
A novel MHC class I-like gene is mutated in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis
Feder, J. N., Gnirke, A., Thomas, W., Tsuchihashi, Z., Ruddy, D. A., Basava, A., Dormishian, F., Domingo, R., Ellis, M. C., Fullan, A., et al. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0896-399 · Cited by 3,664 · see citing works
Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter
Gunshin, H., Mackenzie, B., Berger, U. V., Gunshin, Y., Romero, M. F., Boron, W. F., Nussberger, S., Gollan, J. L., & Hediger, M. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41343 · Cited by 3,166 · see citing works
The ferritins: molecular properties, iron storage function and cellular regulation
Harrison, P. M., & Arosio, P. (1996) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/0005-2728(96)00022-9 · Cited by 2,667 · see citing works
H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> , a Necessary Evil for Cell Signaling
Rhee, S. G. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1130481 · Cited by 2,160 · see citing works
Andrews, N. C. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199912233412607 · Cited by 2,130 · see citing works
Iron, brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders
Zecca, L., Youdim, M. B. H., Riederer, P., Connor, J. R., & Crichton, R. R. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1537 · Cited by 1,801 · see citing works
Jones, D. P. (2006) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.1865 · Cited by 1,726 · see citing works
Positional cloning of zebrafish ferroportin1 identifies a conserved vertebrate iron exporter
Donovan, A., Brownlie, A., Zhou, Y., Shepard, J., Pratt, S. J., Moynihan, J., Paw, B. H., Drejer, A., Barut, B., Zapata, A., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35001596 · Cited by 1,667 · see citing works
McKie, A. T., Marciani, P., Rolfs, A., Brennan, K., Wehr, K., Barrow, D., Miret, S., Bomford, A., Peters, T. J., Farzaneh, F., et al. (2000) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80425-6 · Cited by 1,422 · see citing works
A Novel Mammalian Iron-regulated Protein Involved in Intracellular Iron Metabolism
Abboud, S., & Haile, D. J. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m000713200 · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works
Finkel, T. (1998) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(98)80147-6 · Cited by 1,170 · see citing works
Microcytic anaemia mice have a mutation in Nramp2, a candidate iron transporter gene
Fleming, M. D., Trenor, C. C., Su, M. A., Foernzler, D., Beier, D. R., Dietrich, W. F., & Andrews, N. C. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0897-383 · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
An iron-regulated ferric reductase associated with the absorption of dietary iron
McKie, A. T., Barrow, D., Latunde-Dada, G. O., Rolfs, A., Sager, G., Mudaly, E., Mudaly, M., Richardson, C., Barlow, D., Bomford, A., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1057206 · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
Vulpe, C. D., Kuo, Y.-M., Murphy, T. L., Cowley, L., Askwith, C., Libina, N., Gitschier, J., & Anderson, G. J. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/5979 · Cited by 1,084 · see citing works
Papanikolaou, G., & Pantopoulos, K. (2005) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.06.021 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
Self-citationBone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression
Babitt, J. L., Huang, F. W., Wrighting, D. M., Xia, Y., Sidis, Y., Samad, T. A., Campagna, J. A., Chung, R. T., Schneyer, A. L., Woolf, C. J., et al. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1777 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Hereditary Hemochromatosis — A New Look at an Old Disease
Pietrangelo, A. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra031573 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress: Introductory Remarks
Sies, H. (1985) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-642760-8.50005-3 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Mutations in HFE2 cause iron overload in chromosome 1q–linked juvenile hemochromatosis
Papanikolaou, G., Samuels, M. E., Ludwig, E. H., MacDonald, M. L. E., Franchini, P. L., Dubé, M.-P., Andres, L., MacFarlane, J., Sakellaropoulos, N., Politou, M., et al. (2004) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1274 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Denu, J. M., & Tanner, K. G. (1998) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi973035t · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Fleming, M. D., Romano, M. A., Su, M. A., Garrick, L. M., Garrick, M. D., & Andrews, N. C. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.1148 · Cited by 936 · see citing works
Biologically relevant metal ion‐dependent hydroxyl radical generation An update
Halliwell, B. B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1992) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80911-y · Cited by 884 · see citing works
Calcium and oxidative stress: from cell signaling to cell death
Ermak, G., & Davies, K. J. A. (2002) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00108-0 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Mutant antimicrobial peptide hepcidin is associated with severe juvenile hemochromatosis
Roetto, A., Papanikolaou, G., Politou, M., Alberti, F., Girelli, D., Christakis, J., Loukopoulos, D., & Camaschella, C. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1053 · Cited by 860 · see citing works
[5] Diversity of glutathione peroxidases
Maiorino, F. M., Brigelius‐Flohé, R., Aumann, K. D., Roveri, A., Schomburg, D., & Flohé, L. (1995) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(95)52007-4 · Cited by 854 · see citing works
Qiu, A., Jansen, M., Sakaris, A., Min, S. H., Chattopadhyay, S., Tsai, E., Sandoval, C., Zhao, R., Akabas, M. H., & Goldman, I. D. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.041 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Kakhlon, O., & Cabantchik, Z. I. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01006-7 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
Penetrance of 845G→A (C282Y) HFE hereditary haemochromatosis mutation in the USA
Beutler, E., Felitti, V. J., Koziol, J. A., Ho, N. J., & Gelbart, T. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07447-0 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
The gene TFR2 is mutated in a new type of haemochromatosis mapping to 7q22
Camaschella, C., Roetto, A., Calì, A., De Gobbi, M., Garozzo, G., Carella, M., Majorano, N., Totaro, A., & Gasparini, P. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/75534 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Oxidative chemistry of nitric oxide: the roles of superoxide, peroxynitrite, and carbon dioxide
Squadrito, G. L., & Pryor, W. A. (1998) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00095-1 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Ohgami, R. S., Campagna, D. R., Greer, E. L., Antiochos, B., McDonald, A., Chen, J., Sharp, J. J., Fujiwara, Y., Barker, J. E., & Fleming, M. D. (2005) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1658 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Regulation of Iron Metabolism by Hepcidin
Nemeth, E., & Ganz, T. (2006) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111303 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Identification of an Intestinal Heme Transporter
Shayeghi, M., Latunde-Dada, G. O., Oakhill, J. S., Laftah, A. H., Takeuchi, K., Halliday, N., Khan, Y., Warley, A., McCann, F. E., Hider, R. C., et al. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.025 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
The mitochondrial‐lysosomal axis theory of aging
Brunk, U. T., & Terman, A. (2002) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02869.x · Cited by 729 · see citing works
The Evolution of Iron Chelators for the Treatment of Iron Overload Disease and Cancer
Kalinowski, D. S., & Richardson, D. R. (2005) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.2 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Intracellular messenger function of hydrogen peroxide and its regulation by peroxiredoxins
Rhee, S. G., Kang, S. W., Jeong, W., Chang, T.-S., Yang, K., & Woo, H. A. (2005) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.02.004 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Pham, C. G., Bubici, C., Zazzeroni, F., Papa, S., Jones, J., Alvarez, K., Jayawardena, S., De Smaele, E., Cong, R., Beaumont, C., et al. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.017 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Andrews, N. C., & Schmidt, P. J. (2006) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.69.031905.164337 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Mitoferrin is essential for erythroid iron assimilation
Shaw, G. C., Cope, J. J., Li, L., Corson, K., Hersey, C., Ackermann, G. E., Gwynn, B., Lambert, A. J., Wingert, R. A., Traver, D., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04512 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Bridle, K. R., Frazer, D. M., Wilkins, S. J., Dixon, J. L., Purdie, D. M., Crawford, D. H., Subramaniam, V. N., Powell, L. W., Anderson, G. J., & Ramm, G. A. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12602-5 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
The transferrin receptor: role in health and disease
Ponka, P., & Lok, C. (1999) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s1357-2725(99)00070-9 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system
Levy, J. E., Jin, O., Fujiwara, Y., Kuo, F., & Andrews, N. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/7727 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Reversing the Inactivation of Peroxiredoxins Caused by Cysteine Sulfinic Acid Formation
Woo, H. A., Chae, H. Z., Hwang, S. C., Yang, K., Kang, S. W., Kim, K., & Rhee, S. G. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1080273 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Autosomal-dominant hemochrom-atosis is associated with a mutation in the ferroportin (SLC11A3) gene
Montosi, G., Donovan, A., Totaro, A., Garuti, C., Pignatti, E., Cassanelli, S., Trenor, C. C., Gasparini, P., Andrews, N. C., & Pietrangelo, A. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200113468 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Autosomal-dominant hemochrom-atosis is associated with a mutation in the ferroportin (SLC11A3) gene
Montosi, G., Donovan, A., Totaro, A., Garuti, C., Pignatti, E., Cassanelli, S., Trenor, C. C., Gasparini, P., Andrews, N. C., & Pietrangelo, A. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13468 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Ponka, P. (1997) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v89.1.1 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Redox signaling in macrophages.
Forman, H., & Torres, M. (2001) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0098-2997(01)00010-3 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
HFE gene knockout produces mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis
Zhou, X. Y., Tomatsu, S., Fleming, R. E., Parkkila, S., Waheed, A., Jiang, J., Fei, Y., Brunt, E. M., Ruddy, D. A., Prass, C. E., et al. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2492 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Chevion, M. (1988) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(88)90059-7 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Iron Metabolism and the IRE/IRP Regulatory System: An Update
Pantopoulos, K. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1306.001 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Self-citationA mutation in SLC11A3 is associated with autosomal dominant hemochromatosis
Njajou, O. T., Vaessen, N., Joosse, M., Berghuis, B., van Dongen, J. W. F., Breuning, M. H., Snijders, P. J. L. M., Rutten, W. P. F., Sandkuijl, L. A., Oostra, B. A., et al. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/90038 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Hepcidin in iron overload disorders
Papanikolaou, G., Tzilianos, M., Christakis, J. I., Bogdanos, D., Tsimirika, K., MacFarlane, J., Goldberg, Y. P., Sakellaropoulos, N., Ganz, T., & Nemeth, E. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-12-4844 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Reynaert, N. L., van der Vliet, A., Guala, A. S., McGovern, T., Hristova, M., Pantano, C., Heintz, N. H., Heim, J., Ho, Y.-S., Matthews, D. E., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0603290103 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Davies, K. J. A. (1999) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1080/713803463 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Mitochondrial free radical production and cell signaling
Cadenas, E. (2004) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2004.02.005 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Flemming (1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Biosynthesis of nitric oxide activates iron regulatory factor in macrophages.
Drapier, J. C., Hirling, H., Wietzerbin, J., Kaldy, P., & Kühn, L. C. (1993) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06038.x · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Hepcidin is decreased in TFR2 hemochromatosis
Nemeth, E., Roetto, A., Garozzo, G., Ganz, T., & Camaschella, C. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-08-3042 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Fluorescence analysis of the labile iron pool of mammalian cells
Epsztejn, S., Kakhlon, O., Glickstein, H., Breuer, W., & Cabantchik, Z. I. (1997) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1006/abio.1997.2126 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Translational regulation via iron‐responsive elements by the nitric oxide/NO‐synthase pathway.
Weiss, G., Goossen, B., Doppler, W., Fuchs, D., Pantopoulos, K., Werner‐Felmayer, G., Wachter, H., & Hentze, M. W. (1993) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06039.x · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citationEaton, J. W., & Qian, M. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00772-4 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Pietrangelo, A. (2003) · Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2003.08.003 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Rhee, S. G., Yang, K.-S., Kang, S. W., Woo, H. A., & Chang, T.-S. (2005) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2005.7.619 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Heme oxygenase and the cardiovascular–renal system
Abraham, N. G., & Kappas, A. (2005) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.03.010 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Goswami, T., & Andrews, N. C. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c600197200 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
The role of cysteine residues as redox-sensitive regulatory switches
Barford, D. (2004) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2004.09.012 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Rapid responses to oxidative stress mediated by iron regulatory protein.
Pantopoulos, K., & Hentze, M. W. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07291.x · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationCoordinated Regulation of Iron-Controlling Genes, H-Ferritin and IRP2 , by c-MYC
Wu, K., Polack, A., & Dalla‐Favera, R. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5402.676 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Transient Adaptation to Oxidative Stress in Mammalian Cells
Wiese, A. G., Pacifici, R. E., & Davies, K. J. A. (1995) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1995.1225 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Design of iron chelators with therapeutic application
Liu, Z. D., & Hider, R. C. (2002) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0010-8545(02)00050-4 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Antunes, F., Cadenas, E., & Brunk, U. T. (2001) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3560549 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Design of clinically useful iron(III)‐selective chelators
Liu, Z. D., & Hider, R. C. (2002) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.1027 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
The C282Y Mutation Causing Hereditary Hemochromatosis Does Not Produce a Null Allele
Levy, J. E., Montross, L. K., Cohen, D. E., Fleming, M. D., & Andrews, N. C. (1999) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v94.1.9.413a43_9_11 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Heme Oxygenase-1: Redox Regulation of a Stress Protein in Lung and Cell Culture Models
Ryter, S. W., & Choi, A. M. K. (2004) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2005.7.80 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Overexpression of Wild Type and Mutated Human Ferritin H-chain in HeLa Cells
Cozzi, A., Corsi, B., Levi, S., Santambrogio, P., Albertini, A., & Arosio, P. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m003797200 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Juvenile Hemochromatosis Locus Maps to Chromosome 1q
Roetto, A., Totaro, A., Cazzola, M., Cicilano, M., Bosio, S., D’Ascola, D. G., Carella, M., Zelante, L., Kelly, A., Cox, T. M., et al. (1999) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302379 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Ferroportin‐mediated mobilization of ferritin iron precedes ferritin degradation by the proteasome
De Domenico, I., Vaughn, M. B., Li, L., Bagley, D., Musci, G., Ward, D. M., & Kaplan, J. (2006) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601409 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Iron, Free Radicals, and Oxidative Injury
McCord, J. M. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.11.3171s · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Intralysosomal iron: a major determinant of oxidant-induced cell death
Yu, Z., Persson, H. L., Eaton, J. W., & Brunk, U. T. (2003) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00109-6 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Free radical biology – terminology and critical thinking
Azzi, A., Davies, K. J. A., & Kelly, F. J. (2004) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01526-6 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Iron Chelators in Cancer Chemotherapy
Buss, J. L., Greene, B. T., Turner, J., Torti, F. M., & Torti, S. V. (2004) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026043387269 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Pantopoulos, K., Weiss, G., & Hentze, M. W. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.16.7.3781 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding iron homeostasis through genetic analysis of hemochromatosis and related disorders
Camaschella, C. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-05-1857 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Intracellular iron, but not copper, plays a critical role in hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA Damage
Barbouti, A. (2001) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00608-6 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Cybrd1 (duodenal cytochrome b) is not necessary for dietary iron absorption in mice
Gunshin, H., Starr, C. N., DiRenzo, C., Fleming, M. D., Jin, J., Greer, E. L., Sellers, V. M., Galica, S. M., & Andrews, N. C. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-02-0716 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Prevention of oxidant-induced cell death by lysosomotropic iron chelators
Persson, H. L., Yu, Z., Tirosh, O., Eaton, J. W., & Brunk, U. T. (2003) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00106-0 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Use and abuse of exogenous H2O2 in studies of signal transduction
Forman, H. J. (2007) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.01.011 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Antunes, F., Cadenas, E., & Brunk, U. T. (2001) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3560549 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Ferritins: iron/oxygen biominerals in protein nanocages
Theil, E. C., Matzapetákis, M., & Liu, X. (2006) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-006-0125-6 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Mechanisms of iron–sulfur protein maturation in mitochondria, cytosol and nucleus of eukaryotes
Lill, R., Dutkiewicz, R., Elsässer, H., Hausmann, A., Netz, D. J. A., Pierik, A. J., Stehling, O., Urzica, E. I., & Mühlenhoff, U. (2006) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.05.011 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Pantopoulos, K., Mueller, S., Atzberger, A., Ansorge, W. J., Stremmel, W., & Hentze, M. W. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.15.9802 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationIron in cytosolic ferritin can be recycled through lysosomal degradation in human fibroblasts
Radisky, D. C., & Kaplan, J. (1998) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3360201 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Signaling Role of Intracellular Iron in NF-κB Activation
Xiong, S., She, H., Takeuchi, H., Han, B., Engelhardt, J. F., Barton, C. H., Zandi, E., Giulivi, C., & Tsukamoto, H. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m210905200 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Han, D., Canali, R., Garcia, J., Aguilera, R., Gallaher, T. K., & Cadenas, E. (2005) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi0509393 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Ca2+ channel blockers reverse iron overload by a new mechanism via divalent metal transporter-1
Ludwiczek, S., Theurl, I., Muckenthaler, M. U., Jakab, M., Mair, S. M., Theurl, M., Kiss, J., Paulmichl, M., Hentze, M. W., Ritter, M., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1542 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Iron is the intracellular metal involved in the production of DNA damage by oxygen radicals
Mello-Filho, A. C., & Meneghini, R. (1991) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/0027-5107(91)90220-i · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Unexpected role of ceruloplasmin in intestinal iron absorption
Cherukuri, S., Potla, R., Sarkar, J., Nurko, S., Harris, Z. L., & Fox, P. L. (2005) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2005.10.003 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress Induces Activation of a Cytosolic Protein Responsible for Control of Iron Uptake
Martins, E. A. L., Robalinho, R. L., & Meneghini, R. (1995) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1995.1019 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Does the calcein-AM method assay the total cellular ‘labile iron pool’ or only a fraction of it?
Τενοπούλου, Μ., Kurz, T., Doulias, P., Galaris, D., & Brunk, U. T. (2007) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20061840 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationMetallothionein protects against oxidative stress-induced lysosomal destabilization
Baird, S. K., Kurz, T., & Brunk, U. T. (2006) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20051143 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Localized Unfolding at the Junction of Three Ferritin Subunits
Takagi, H., Shi, D., Ha, Y., Allewell, N. M., & Theil, E. C. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.30.18685 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Iron activates NF-κB in Kupffer cells
She, H., Xiong, S., Lin, M., Zandi, E., Giulivi, C., & Tsukamoto, H. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00108.2002 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Chaston, T. B., Watts, R., Yuan, J. J., & Richardson, D. R. (2004) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0865 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Levi, S., & Arosio, P. (2004) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2003.10.020 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Aggeli, I.-K. S., Gaitanaki, C., & Beis, I. D. (2006) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.02.001 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Modulation of Cellular Iron Metabolism by Hydrogen Peroxide
Caltagirone, A., Weiß, G., & Pantopoulos, K. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m100245200 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationIron Chelator Research: Past, Present, and Future
Tam, T. F., Leung-Toung, R., Li, W., Wang, Y., Karimian, K., & Spino, M. (2003) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867033457593 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Dayani, P. N., Bishop, M. C., Black, K., & Zeltzer, P. M. (2004) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1023/b:neon.0000024238.21349.37 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Determination of the Chelatable Iron Pool of Single Intact Cells by Laser Scanning Microscopy
Petrat, F., de GROOT, H., & Rauen, U. (2000) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.1711 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Galaris, D., Cadenas, E., & Hochstein, P. E. (1989) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(89)90509-2 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of compartmentalized redox-active iron in hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis
Τενοπούλου, Μ., Doulias, P., Barbouti, A., Brunk, U. T., & Galaris, D. (2005) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20041650 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationMütze, S., Hebling, U., Stremmel, W., Wang, J., Arnhold, J., Pantopoulos, K., & Mueller, S. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m307159200 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationHereditary Causes of Disturbed Iron Homeostasis in the Central Nervous System
Ponka, P. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1306.022 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Lovejoy, D., & Richardson, D. (2003) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867033457557 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Kakhlon, O., Gruenbaum, Y., & Cabantchik, Z. I. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v97.9.2863 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Doulias, P., Christoforidis, S., Brunk, U. T., & Galaris, D. (2003) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00396-4 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationGalaris, D., Barbouti, A., & Korantzopoulos, P. G. (2006) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161206777947614 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationMerkofer, M., Kissner, R., Hider, R. C., Brunk, U. T., & Koppenol, W. H. (2006) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx060101w · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Mechanisms of reoxygenation injury in myocardial infarction: Implications of a myoglobin redox cycle
Galaris, D., Eddy, L. J., Arduini, A., Cadenas, E., & Hochstein, P. (1989) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(89)80125-1 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidation-induced ferritin turnover in microglial cells: role of proteasome
Mehlhase, J., Sandig, G., Pantopoulos, K., & Grune, T. (2004) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.10.025 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationSullivan, J. L. (2004) · Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.lab.2004.10.006 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Zhang, W. (2003) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01375-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Camaschella, C., Roetto, A., & Gobbi, M. D. (2002) · Seminars in Hematology · doi:10.1053/shem.2002.35635 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Iron Chelator L1 Potentiates Oxidative DNA Damage in Iron-Loaded Liver Cells
Cragg, L., Hebbel, R. P., Miller, W. J., Solovey, A., Selby, S. A., & Enright, H. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v92.2.632 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Intracellular Labile Iron Modulates Adhesion of Human Monocytes to Human Endothelial Cells
Kartikasari, A. E. R., Georgiou, N., Visseren, F. L. J., Kats-Renaud, H. J. V., van Asbeck, B. S., & Marx, J. J. M. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000147406.00871.b3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Doulias, P., Kotoglou, P., Τενοπούλου, Μ., Keramisanou, D., Tzavaras, T., Brunk, U. T., Galaris, D., & Angelidis, C. E. (2006) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.11.022 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, L., Xiong, S., She, H., Lin, S. W., Wang, J., & Tsukamoto, H. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m609273200 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Lee, D.-H., & Jacobs, D. R. (2004) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00344-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Li, L., & Frei, B. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000245820.34238.da · Cited by 49 · see citing works
On the Molecular Mechanism of Metmyoglobin-Catalyzed Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide by Ascorbate
Galaris, D., & Korantzopoulos, P. G. (1997) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(96)00382-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationNitric Oxide Inhibits the Degradation of IRP2
Wang, J., Chen, G., & Pantopoulos, K. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.4.1347-1353.2005 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationβ-Thalassaemia: emergence of new and improved iron chelators for treatment
Wong, C. S., & Richardson, D. R. (2003) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00046-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Linkage to Chromosome 1q in Greek Families with Juvenile Hemochromatosis
Papanikolaou, G. V., Politou, M., Roetto, A., Bosio, S., Sakelaropoulos, N., Camaschella, C., & Λουκόπουλος, Δ. (2001) · Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases · doi:10.1006/bcmd.2001.0444 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Cross-compartment protection by SOD1
Liochev, S. I., & Fridovich, I. (2004) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.10.017 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
When Is a Heme Transporter Not a Heme Transporter? When It's a Folate Transporter
Andrews, N. C. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.12.004 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
New developments in iron chelators
Cunningham, M. J., & Nathan, D. G. (2005) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/01.moh.0000152631.63469.07 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Juvenile hemochromatosis locus maps to chromosome 1q in a French Canadian population
Rivard, S. R., Lanzara, C., Grimard, D., Carella, M., Simard, H., Ficarella, R., Simard, R., D’Adamo, P., Férec, C., Camaschella, C., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201009 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
NF-κB meets ROS: an ‘iron-ic’ encounter
Papa, S., Bubici, C., Pham, C. G., Zazzeroni, F., & Franzoso, G. (2005) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401694 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Desferrithiocin Analogue Based Hexacoordinate Iron(III) Chelators
Bergeron, R. J., Huang, G., Weimar, W. R., Smith, R. E., Wiegand, J., & McManis, J. S. (2002) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm020184n · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Iron-binding drugs targeted to lysosomes: a potential strategy to treat inflammatory lung disorders
Persson, H. L., & Richardson, D. R. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.14.8.997 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Adams, P. C. (2004) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2004.06.002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Pietrangelo, A. (2006) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.09.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Papanikolaou, G. V., Papaioannou, M., Politou, M., Vavatsi, N. A., Kioumi, A., Τσιάτσιου, Π., Marinaki, P., Loukopoulos, D., & Christakis, J. I. (2002) · Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases · doi:10.1006/bcmd.2002.0553 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Regulation of cellular iron metabolism
Wang, J., & Pantopoulos, K. (2011) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20101825 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
Self-citationTriggering and resolution of inflammation in NASH
Schuster, S., Cabrera, D., Arrese, M., & Feldstein, A. E. (2018) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0009-6 · Cited by 943 · see citing works
Iron homeostasis and oxidative stress: An intimate relationship
Galaris, D., Barbouti, A., & Pantopoulos, K. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118535 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Self-citationCommon Genetic Variation In Cellular Transport Genes and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) Risk
Chornokur, G., Lin, H., Tyrer, J. P., Lawrenson, K., Dennis, J., Amankwah, E. K., Qu, X., Tsai, Y.-Y., Jim, H., Chen, Z., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128106 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Kell, D. B. (2009) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/1755-8794-2-2 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Metals, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: A focus on iron, manganese and mercury
Farina, M., Ávila, D. S., da Rocha, J. B. T., & Aschner, M. (2012) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.12.006 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Regulation of the Iron Homeostatic Hormone Hepcidin
Sangkhae, V., & Nemeth, E. (2017) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.116.013961 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Bone loss caused by iron overload in a murine model: importance of oxidative stress.
Tsay, J., Yang, Z., Ross, F., Cunningham-Rundles, S., Lin, H., Coleman, R. M., Mayer-Kuckuk, P., Doty, S. B., Grady, R., Giardina, P., et al. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-12-260083 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
van Dronkelaar, C., van Velzen, A., Abdelrazek, M., van der Steen, A., Weijs, P. J. M., & Tieland, M. (2018) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.026 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Altered Iron Metabolism and Impact in Cancer Biology, Metastasis, and Immunology
Brown, R. A. M., Richardson, K. L., Kabir, T. D., Trinder, D., Ganß, R., & Leedman, P. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00476 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
“ROS are targeted by antioxidant systems which reduce them to non-reactive H2O before damage ensues (17).”
BackgroundFree radical biology for medicine: learning from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Serviddio, G., Bellanti, F., & Vendemiale, G. (2013) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.174 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Synthetic and natural iron chelators: Therapeutic potential and clinical use
Hatcher, H. C., Singh, R. N., Torti, F. M., & Torti, S. V. (2009) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc.09.121 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Iron deficiency and cardiovascular disease
Savarese, G., von Haehling, S., Butler, J., Cleland, J. G. F., Ponikowski, P. P., & Anker, S. D. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac569 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Kontoghiorghes, G. J., & Kontoghiorghe, C. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9061456 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
“Different mechanisms, pathways and proteins are involved in the uptake, distribution, utilization, recycling and excretion of iron in living organisms, including humans where each cell requires and utilizes different amounts of iron [5,6,29].”
BackgroundInfluentialShin, S. M., Cho, I. J., & Kim, S. G. (2009) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.109.058479 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Iron Accumulates in Huntington’s Disease Neurons: Protection by Deferoxamine
Chen, J., Marks, E. S., Lai, B. C. H., Zhang, Z., Duce, J. A., Lam, L. Q., Volitakis, I., Bush, A. I., Hersch, S. M., & Fox, J. H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077023 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Brambilla, D., Mancuso, C., Scuderi, M. G., Bosco, P., Cantarella, G., Lempereur, L., Benedetto, G. D., Pezzino, S., & Bernardini, R. (2008) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-7-29 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Jung, S. H., Kim, B. J., Lee, E. H., & Osborne, N. N. (2010) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.08.005 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., & Gladyshev, V. N. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.071746 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Ferroptosis in sepsis: The mechanism, the role and the therapeutic potential
Lei, X. L., Zhao, G. Y., Guo, R., & Cui, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.956361 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Diagnostic morphology: biophysical indicators for iron-driven inflammatory diseases
Pretorius, E., & Kell, D. B. (2014) · Integrative Biology · doi:10.1039/c4ib00025k · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Ferroptosis Signaling and Regulators in Atherosclerosis
Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., Ye, T., Yang, L. M., Shen, Y., & Li, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.809457 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“On the other hand, overloaded iron acts as a catalyst for redox reactions, which can lead to oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity (Galaris and Pantopoulos, 2008; Klóska et al., 2019).”
BackgroundZhang, Y., & Gladyshev, V. N. (2009) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr800557s · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Cell Death Pathways: a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neuroscientists
Morris, G., Walker, A. J., Berk, M., Maes, M. H. J., & Puri, B. K. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0793-y · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Iron deficiency beyond erythropoiesis: should we be concerned?
Musallam, K. M., & Taher, A. T. (2017) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2017.1394833 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Bou‐Abdallah, F., Zhao, G., Biasiotto, G., Poli, M., Arosio, P., & Chasteen, N. D. (2008) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja8054035 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Choi, S. H., Kim, Y. W., & Kim, S. G. (2009) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2009.12.011 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Ferroptosis: Final destination for cancer?
Zeng, Y., Liu, W., Zhuo, Q., Hu, Q., Liu, M., Sun, Q., Zhang, Z., Fan, G., Xu, W., Ji, S., et al. (2020) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.12761 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Iron intake, body iron status, and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chang, V. C., Cotterchio, M., & Khoo, E. (2019) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5642-0 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Kontoghiorghes, G. J., Kolnagou, A., Kontoghiorghe, C., Mourouzidis, L., Timoshnikov, V. A., & Polyakov, N. E. (2020) · Medicines · doi:10.3390/medicines7080045 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“In general, many organic compounds can influence the rate of FR production, including reducing agents and or chelators, such as ascorbic acid [16,20].”
BackgroundKim, Y. W., Lee, S. M., Shin, S. M., Hwang, S. J., Brooks, J. S., Kang, H. E., Lee, M. G., Kim, S. C., & Kim, S. G. (2009) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.018 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Malesza, I. J., Bartkowiak-Wieczorek, J., Winkler-Galicki, J., Nowicka, A., Dzięciołowska, D., Błaszczyk, M., Gajniak, P., Słowińska, K., Niepolski, L., Walkowiak, J., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14173478 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Subsequently, lipid and amino acid peroxidation and DNA damage occur leading to cell death [10,18].”
BackgroundRegulation of iron pathways in response to hypoxia
Chepelev, N. L., & Willmore, W. G. (2010) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.023 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Nelson, N., Port, J. D., & Pandey, M. K. (2020) · Journal of Nanotheranostics · doi:10.3390/jnt1010008 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“This free Fe2+ can then lead to the induction of DNA damage or inflammatory responses through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction [30].”
BackgroundBone Disease in Thalassemia: A Molecular and Clinical Overview
Wong, P., Fuller, P. J., Gillespie, M. T., & Milat, F. (2016) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1105 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Iron overload inhibits late stage autophagic flux leading to insulin resistance
Jahng, J. W. S., Alsaadi, R. M., Palanivel, R., Song, E., Hipolito, V. E. B., Sung, H. K., Botelho, R. J., Russell, R. C., & Sweeney, G. (2019) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201947911 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“Excess accumulation of intracellular iron leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tissue damage [2,18].”
Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence: Is Labile Iron the Connecting Link?
Nousis, L., Kanavaros, P., & Barbouti, A. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12061250 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“Evidence in the literature is clear in highlighting that labile iron represents a requirement for ROS-induced adverse effects [11,14].”
BackgroundInfluentialTimoshnikov, V. A., Selyutina, O. Y., Polyakov, N. E., Didichenko, V., & Kontoghiorghes, G. J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031247 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Kornberg, T. G., Stueckle, T. A., Antonini, J. A., Rojanasakul, Y., Castranova, V., Yang, Y. S., & Wang, L. (2017) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano7100307 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Association between dietary nutrient intake and sarcopenia in the SarcoPhAge study
Beaudart, C., Locquet, M., Touvier, M., Reginster, J., & Bruyère, O. (2019) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01186-7 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Ning, Q., Liu, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, R., Zhang, J., Yang, M., Sun, H., Han, F., Zhao, W., & Zhang, X. (2017) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2017.1281197 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Dong, G.-Z., Lee, J., Ki, S. H., Yang, J. H., Cho, I. J., Kang, S. H., Zhao, R., Kim, S. C., & Kim, Y. W. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.017 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Pretorius, E., Bester, J., Vermeulen, N., Alummoottil, S., Soma, P., Buys, A. V., & Kell, D. B. (2015) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0192-5 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The effect of exercise on intraocular pressure. I. Human beings.
Marcus, D. F., Krupin, T., Podos, S. M., & BECKER, B. A. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Implications of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Thymus Involution
Barbouti, A., Vasileiou, P. V. S., Evangelou, K., Vlasis, K. G., Papoudou‐Bai, A., Gorgoulis, V. G., & Kanavaros, P. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/7986071 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“It seems that the labile iron pool plays a major role not only in H2O2-induced toxicity but also in specific redox signaling pathways [75, 76].”
BackgroundNovel insights into redox system and the mechanism of redox regulation
Wang, X., & Hai, C. (2016) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-016-4022-y · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Iron Load Toxicity in Medicine: From Molecular and Cellular Aspects to Clinical Implications
Kontoghiorghes, G. J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241612928 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Other diseases associated with abnormalities in iron metabolism and heterogeneous iron distribution with toxic side effects include those related to heme biosynthesis, mitochondrial iron metabolism, and rare cases of iron overload [21,44,233,234].”
BackgroundHohnholt, M. C., Geppert, M., & Dringen, R. (2011) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.052 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Discovering the role of mitochondria in the iron deficiency-induced metabolic responses of plants
Vigani, G. (2011) · Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2011.09.008 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Iron homeostasis and health: understanding its role beyond blood health – a narrative review
Obeagu, E. I. (2025) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000003100 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“The relationship between iron dysregulation and neurodegenerative diseases is an area of ongoing research, with potential therapeutic implications for iron chelation in these disorders [ 2 , 10–12 ] .”
Hydroxytyrosol inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic signaling via labile iron chelation
Kitsati, N., Mantzaris, M. D., & Galaris, D. (2016) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.006 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationMitochondrial Iron Metabolism: The Crucial Actors in Diseases
Duan, G., Li, J., Duan, Y., Zheng, C., Guo, Q., Li, F., Zheng, J., Yu, J., Zhang, P., Wan, M., et al. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28010029 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Notably, the cellular redox equilibrium can be easily disrupted by catalytic amounts of iron, thus resulting in the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress [2,3].”
BackgroundKontoghiorghe, C., Kolnagou, A., & Kontoghiorghes, G. J. (2015) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules201119725 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Nrf2 regulates iron-dependent hippocampal synapses and functional connectivity damage in depression
Zeng, T., Li, J., Xie, L., Dong, Z., Chen, Q., Huang, S., Xie, S., Lai, Y., Li, J., Yan, W., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02875-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“The accumulation of iron, accompanied by unregulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the Fenton reaction, has the potential to significantly enhance exci - totoxicity in glutamatergic neurons, thereby influencing synaptic plasticity and neuronal damage [9, 10].”
BackgroundJiang, H., Zhang, X., Yang, W.-P., Li, M., Wang, G., & Luo, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.869794 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Because the liver is the major extraerythrocyte storage organ for iron and most of the iron within the liver is stored in Ft-L, which is often used to indicate iron levels (Ishizaka et al., 2005; Galaris and Pantopoulos 2008).”
BackgroundCastiglione, D., Platania, A., Conti, A., Falla, M., D’Urso, M., & Marranzano, M. (2018) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox7070079 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Iron is crucial for the delivery of oxygen to the cells, because it is part of hemoglobin [25].”
BackgroundThe Potential for Transition Metal-Mediated Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Lovejoy, D. B., & Guillemin, G. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00173 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Unsuspected control of siderophore production by N ‐acetylglucosamine in streptomycetes
Craig, M., Lambert, S., Jourdan, S., Tenconi, E., Colson, S., Maciejewska, M., Ongena, M., Martin, J. F., van Wezel, G. P., & Rigali, S. (2012) · Environmental Microbiology Reports · doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00354.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Molecular basis of iron-loading disorders
Darshan, D., Frazer, D. M., & Anderson, G. J. (2010) · Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1462399410001687 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Pretorius, E., Vermeulen, N., Bester, J., Lipiński, B., & Kell, D. B. (2013) · Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods · doi:10.3109/15376516.2012.762082 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Mantzaris, M. D., Bellou, S., Skiada, V., Kitsati, N., Fotsis, T., & Galaris, D. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationChoudhury, Y., Toh, Y., Xing, J., Qu, Y., Poh, J., Li, H., Tan, H. S., Kanesvaran, R., Yu, H., & Tan, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep41238 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Iron excess limits HHIPL-2 gene expression and decreases osteoblastic activity in human MG-63 cells
Doyard, M., Fatih, N., Monnier, A., Island, M., Aubry, M., Leroyer, P., Bouvet, R., Chalès, G., Mosser, J., Loréal, O., et al. (2012) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-011-1871-z · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Red ginseng abrogates oxidative stress via mitochondria protection mediated by LKB1-AMPK pathway
Dong, G.-Z., Jang, E. J., Kang, S. H., Cho, I. J., Park, S., Kim, S. C., & Kim, Y. W. (2013) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-64 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Disorders associated with systemic or local iron overload: from pathophysiology to clinical practice
Sebastiani, G., & Pantopoulos, K. (2011) · Metallomics · doi:10.1039/c1mt00082a · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationComparative Genomics of Trace Element Dependence in Biology
Zhang, Y., & Gladyshev, V. N. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r110.172833 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Jiang, X., Malkovskiy, A. V., Tian, W., Sung, Y. K., Sun, W., Hsu, J. L., Manickam, S., Wagh, D. A., Joubert, L., Semenza, G. L., et al. (2013) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.092 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Quantitative high-field imaging of sub-cortical gray matter in multiple sclerosis
Lebel, R. M., Eissa, A., Seres, P., Blevins, G., & Wilman, A. H. (2011) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458511428464 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kaji, K., Yoshiji, H., Kitade, M., Ikenaka, Y., Noguchi, R., Shirai, Y., Aihara, Y., Namisaki, T., Yoshii, J., Yanase, K., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00365.2010 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Rzymski, P., & Jaśkiewicz, M. (2017) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-017-1079-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“…represent a rich source of iron; overloading of which has also been associated with gastrointestinal distress (Frykman et al. 1994) as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species through Fenton and Haber–Weiss reactions and subsequent oxidative stress (Galaris and Pantopoulos 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialAnne, M.-L., Lan, C. L., Monbet, V., Boussard‐Plédel, C., Ropert, M., Sire, O., Pouchard, M., Jard, C., Lucas, J., Adam, J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.3253319 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional landscape under genotoxic stress
Namouchi, A., Gómez-Muñoz, M., Frye, S. A., Moen, L. V., Rognes, T., Tønjum, T., & Balasingham, S. V. (2016) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3132-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Iron in intracellular infection: to provide or to deprive?
Silva-Gomes, S., Vale-Costa, S., Appelberg, R., & Gomes, M. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2013.00096 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“…and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can modulate the activation of macrophagic NF-κB signaling pathways (Xiong et al., 2003; Leonard et al., 2004; Galaris and Pantopoulos, 2008) which are known to regulate numerous genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses (Bonizzi and Karin, 2004).”
BackgroundLi, C., Pan, D., Li, M., Wang, Y., Song, L., Yu, D., Zuo, Y., Wang, K., Liu, Y., Wei, Z., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.699913 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Iron overload causes oxidative stress and impaired insulin signaling in AML-12 hepatocytes
Messner, D. J., Rhieu, B., & Kowdley, K. (2013) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-013-2648-3 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hepcidin: another culprit for complications in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Nakanishi, T., Hasuike, Y., Otaki, Y., Kida, A., Nonoguchi, H., & Kuragano, T. (2011) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfr410 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Ferroptosis increases obesity: Crosstalk between adipocytes and the neuroimmune system
Zhang, S., Sun, Z., Jiang, X. Y., Lu, Z., Ding, L., Li, C., Tian, X., & Wang, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049936 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Oral iron supplementation leads to oxidative imbalance in anemic women: A prospective study
Tiwari, A. K. M., Mahdi, A. A., Chandyan, S., Zahra, F. T., Godbole, M., Jaiswar, S. P., Srivastava, V. K., & Negi, M. P. S. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.08.001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Daba, A., Gkouvatsos, K., Sebastiani, G., & Pantopoulos, K. (2012) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-012-0937-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationIron-rich Kupffer cells exhibit phenotypic changes during the development of liver fibrosis in NASH
Kanamori, Y., Tanaka, M., Itoh, M., Ochi, K., Ito, A., Hidaka, I., Sakaida, I., Ogawa, Y., & Suganami, T. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.102032 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
El‐Maraghy, S. A., & Nassar, N. N. (2010) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.20354 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 5 (FBXL5): Sensing intracellular iron and oxygen
Ruiz, J. C., & Bruick, R. K. (2014) · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.01.015 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Iron and vascular calcification. Is there a link?
Neven, E., Schutter, T. M. D., Behets, G. J. S., Gupta, A., & D’Haese, P. C. (2011) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfq858 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The acute toxicity of iron and copper: Biomolecule oxidation and oxidative damage in rat liver
Boveris, A., Musacco-Sebio, R., Ferrarotti, N., Saporito-Magriñá, C., Torti, H., Massot, F., & Repetto, M. G. (2012) · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.07.004 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Iron overload exacerbates age-associated cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of hemochromatosis
Sukumaran, A., Chang, J., Han, M., Mintri, S., Khaw, B., & Kim, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05810-2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Kaur, D., Rajagopalan, S., & Andersen, J. K. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.043 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
HSC20 interacts with frataxin and is involved in iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis and iron homeostasis
Shan, Y., & Cortopassi, G. A. (2011) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr582 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Chollangi, S., Thompson, J. W., Ruiz, J. C., Gardner, K. H., & Bruick, R. K. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.360404 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Kitsati, N., Fokas, D., Ouzouni, M., Mantzaris, M. D., Barbouti, A., & Galaris, D. (2012) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf301237y · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationNur, E., Brandjes, D. P. M., Schnog, J. B., Otten, H.-M. M. B., Fijnvandraat, K., Schalkwijk, C. G., Biemond, B. J., & the CURAMA Study Group (2010) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08320.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Coaction of hepatic thioredoxin and glutathione systems in iron overload‐induced oxidative stress
Aydın, F. S., Hukkamlı, B., & Budak, H. (2021) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.22704 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Wang, F., Glenn, A. J., Tessier, A., Mei, Z., Haslam, D. E., Guasch‐Ferré, M., Tobias, D. K., Eliassen, A. H., Manson, J. E., Clish, C. B., et al. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01109-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Excess iron stores, particularly from haem iron intake, can act as pro-oxidants, catalysing the formation of reactive oxygen species and leading to physiological dysfunction or disease states 1,2 .”
Oxidative stress and aging: the potential role of iron
Galaris, D., Mantzaris, M. D., & Amorgianiotis, C. (2008) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/bf03401502 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationGerogianni, P. S., Chatziathanasiadou, Μ. V., Diamantis, D. A., Tzakos, A. G., & Galaris, D. (2018) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.014 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationCheng, Y., Yang, R., Lyu, M., Wang, S., Liu, X., Wen, Y., Song, Y., Li, J., & Chen, Z. (2018) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01503-18 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Excessive free Fe2 ions trigger a Fenton reaction, which generates harmful reactive oxygen species that rapidly damage proteins, DNA, and other biomolecules (52).”
BackgroundLi, X., Li, H., Lu, N., Feng, Y., Huang, Y., & Gao, Z. (2012) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.019 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Koçpınar, E. F., Baltacı, N. G., Ceylan, H., Kalın, Ş. N., Erdoğan, O., & Budak, H. (2019) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-019-01817-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Formanowicz, D., Radom, M., Rybarczyk, A., & Formanowicz, P. (2018) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.01.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ito‐Hagiwara, K., Hagiwara, J., Endo, Y., Becker, L. B., & Hayashida, K. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118315 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Time-dependent changes in protein expression in rainbow trout muscle following hypoxia
Wulff, T., Jokumsen, A., Højrup, P., & Jessen, F. (2012) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.010 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Galaris, D., & Pantopoulos, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Ioannina (GR)
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (CA)
- ORCID
- Pantopoulos, Kostas
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 1040-8363 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-781X
- OpenAlex
- W2094776609
- Cited by
- 352
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 3.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Keywords
- iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, iron overload, iron toxicity, iron bioavailability, iron accumulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Iron, Iron Chelating Agents, Liver, Signal Transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Iron Overload
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review