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Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native
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The question of genocide is never far from discussions of settler colonialism. Land is life—or, at least, land is necessary for life. Thus contests for land can be—indeed, often are—contests for li...
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64 Own interpretation · 30 Sources not found · 10 No basis given · 2 No full text of the sources · 1 Not checked yet
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“the factor that most antagonized the Georgia state government (with the at-least-tacit support of Andrew Jackson's federal administration) was not actually the recalcitrant savagery of which Indians were routinely accused, but the Cherokee's unmistakable aptitude for civilization.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Throughout this process, reformers' justifications for it (saving the Indian from the tribe, giving him the same opportunities as the White man, etc.) repeatedly included the express intention to destroy the tribe in whole.60”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [60] 60. Statistical Abstract of the United States (Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, 1955), p 180.
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“In the half-century from 1881, the total acreage held by Indians in the United States fell by two thirds, from just over 155 million acres to just over 52 million.59”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [59] 59. John R. Wunder, "Retained by the People": A History of American Indians and the Bill of Rights (New York: Oxford U.P. 1994), pp 17, 39.
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“At the height of the Dawes-era assimilation programme, for instance, in the decade after Richard Pratt penned his Denver paper, Indian numbers hit the lowest level they would ever register.50”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [50] 50. "In 1998-2000, life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples was shorter by 21 years for males and 20 years for females, compared with the total population . . . In 1998-2000, the death rate for Indi- genous infants was around four times the rate in the total population." Australian Bureau of Statistics, Aus- tralian Social Trends: Health-Mortality and Morbidity: Mortality of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2002), p 1. See also: House of Representatives Standing Committee on Family and Community Affairs, Health i
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“The centrepiece of this campaign was the allotment programme, first generalized as Indian policy in the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 and subsequently intensified and extended, whereby tribal land was to be broken down into individual allotments whose proprietors could eventually sell them to White people.58”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [58] 58. Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 US 1903, p 553. SETTLER COLONIALISM
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“The first major expression of this shift was the discontinuation of treaty-making, which came about in 1871.55”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [55] 55. "No Indian nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be acknowledged or recognized as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty." 16 Stat., 566 (Act of March 3, 1871), c 120, s
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“As practised by Europeans, both genocide and settler colonialism have typically employed the organizing grammar of race.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“In settlercolonial terms, this enables a population to be expanded by continuing immigration at the expense of native lands and livelihoods.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Though a thoroughgoing diminution of native entitlement was axiomatic to discovery, the discourse was primarily addressed to relations between European sovereigns rather than to relations between Europeans and natives.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17] 17. As Mr Justice Johnson put it in his concurrence with Chief Justice Marshall's judgment in Cherokee v. Georgia, "The hunter state bore within itself the promise of vacating the territory, because when game ceased, the hunter would go elsewhere to seek it. But a more fixed state of society would amount to a permanent destruction of the hope, and, of consequence, of the beneficial character of the pre-emptive right." Cherokee v. Georgia, 30 US (5 Peters) 1, 1831, p 23. 20 The judgments most often cited in this connection are Worcester v. Georgia, 31 US (6 Peters) 515, 1832, Crow Dog, 109 US 5
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“As observed, the logic of elimination continues into the present.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“They had become successful agriculturalists on the White model, with a number of them owning substantial holdings of Black slaves, and they had introduced a written national constitution that bore more than a passing resemblance to the US one.41”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] 41. Ross-the successful self-made Cherokee entrepreneur-was really what white Georgians feared. Their biggest obstacle to acquiring the Cherokee lands was the cultivator's plow and overseer's whip-not PATRICK WOLFE the war club, bow, and scalping knife." Sean M. O'Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson's Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles (Westport, CT: Praeger 2003), p 229. For the Constitution of the Cherokee Nation, see the Cherokee Phoenix, February 28, 1828.
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“Even in contemporary, post-Native Title Australia, Aboriginal life expectancy clings to a level some 25% below that enjoyed by mainstream society, with infant mortality rates that are even worse.51”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [51] 51. Neil Thomson, "Trends in Aboriginal infant mortality," in Alan Gray, ed., A Matter of Life and Death: Contemporary Aboriginal Infant Mortality (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1990), pp 1-8.
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“In the end, though, the western frontier met the one moving back in from the Pacific, and there was simply no space left for removal.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“As homesteaders, by contrast, the Choctaw who stayed became individual proprietors, each to his own, of separately allotted fragments of what had previously been the tribal estate, theirs to sell to White people if they chose to.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Rwanda and Burundi are colonial creations-not only so far as the obvious factor of their geographical borders is concerned, but, more intimately, in the very racial boundaries that marked and reproduced the Hutu/Tutsi division.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [37] 37. Robert Melson, "Modern genocide in Rwanda: ideology, revolution, war, and mass murder in an African state," in Gellately and Kiernan, The Specter of Genocide, pp 325-338, at p 326.
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“All these strategies, including frontier homicide, are characteristic of settler colonialism.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“In addition to its objective economic centrality to the project, agriculture, with its life-sustaining connectedness to land, is a potent symbol of settler-colonial identity.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Preemption sanctioned European priority but not Indigenous freedom of choice.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“the occasions on or the extent to which settler colonialism conduces to genocide are not a matter of the presence or absence of the formal apparatus of the state.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“In its positive aspect, the logic of elimination marks a return whereby the native repressed continues to structure settler-colonial society.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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In the paper
“I contend that, though the two have converged-which is to say, the settler-colonial logic of elimination has manifested as genocidal-they should be distinguished.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“In sum, then, settler colonialism is an inclusive, land-centred project that coordinates a comprehensive range of agencies, from the metropolitan centre to the frontier encampment, with a view to eliminating Indigenous societies.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Agriculture not only supports the other sectors.It is inherently sedentary and, therefore, permanent.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“Accordingly, settler-colonial discourse is resolutely impervious to glaring inconsistencies such as sedentary natives or the fact that the settlers themselves have come from somewhere else.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“The American right to buy always superseded the Indian right not to sell.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21] 21. Grant Foreman, Indian Removal (Norman, OK: Oklahoma U.P. 1932). SETTLER COLONIALISM
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In the paper
“Settler colonialism is inherently eliminatory but not invariably genocidal.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“As opposed to enslaved people, whose reproduction augmented their owners' wealth, Indigenous people obstructed settlers' access to land, so their increase was counterproductive.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“It is both as complex social formation and as continuity through time that I term settler colonization a structure rather than an event”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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“settler colonizers come to stay: invasion is a structure not an event.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Abstract
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In the paper
“In the event, Indigenous people are either rendered dependent on the introduced economy or reduced to the stock-raids that provide the classic pretext for colonial death-squads.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Aborigines were accorded no rights to their territory, informal variants on the theme of terra nullius being taken for granted in settler culture.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“For various reasons, these removals, which turned eastern tribes into proxy invaders of Indian territory across the Mississippi, were a crude and unsatisfactory form of elimination.In particular, they were temporary, it being only a matter of time before the frontier rabble caught up with them.53”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [53] 53. This was the reality behind the mushrooming frontier demographies. "In the decade before 1820, the popu- lation of the new state of Alabama increased by a startling 1,000 per cent." O'Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears, p 221. For an illuminating catalogue of Creek responses to this invasion, see Richard S. Lackey, comp., Frontier Claims in the Lower South. Records of Claims Filed by Citizens of the Alabama and Tom- bigbee River Settlements in the Mississippi Territory for Depradations by the Creek Indians During the War of 1812 (New Orleans: Polyanthos 1977).
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“Mass murders are not the same thing as genocide, though the one action can be both.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Tribal land was tribally owned-tribes and private property did not mix.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“On emancipation, Blacks became surplus to some requirements and, to that extent, more like Indians.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“Thus the key factor in colonial and 'post'-colonial race relations is not, as some have argued, simple demographic numbers, since populations have to be differentiated before they can be counted. Difference, it cannot be stressed enough, is not simply given. It is the outcome of differentiation, which is an intensely conflictual process.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > References
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wolfe, 'Land, labor, and difference: elementary structures of race,' American Historical Review, Vol 106, 2001, pp 865-905, at p 894.
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“In the first place, it shows us that settler colonialism is an indicator.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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“My reason for not favouring the term is that it confuses definition with degree.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“The US parallel is significant because, unlike the South African case, the formal apparatus of oppression (slavery) was overcome but Whites remained in power.76”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [76] 76. Ward Churchill, Indians Are Us? Culture and Genocide in Native North America (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press 1994).
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“Colin Tatz has argued, conclusively in my view, that, while Turkish behaviour in Armenia, Nazi behaviour in Europe, and Australian behaviour towards Aborigines (among other examples) constitute genocide, the apartheid regime in South Africa does not.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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In the paper
“Richard Pratt and Phillip Sheridan were both practitioners of genocide.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the strike on the World Trade Center is an example of mass murder but not, in my view, of genocide.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48] 48. Henry G. Liddell and Robert Scott, Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon 1869), pp 314, 426. Cf. Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, p 79.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In both cases, the genocide tribunal is the wrong court.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, as Palestinians become more and more dispensable, Gaza and the West Bank become less and less like Bantustans and more and more like reservations (or, for that matter, like the Warsaw Ghetto).”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Apartheid also relied on sequestration.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without the tribe, though, for all practical purposes they were no longer Indians (this is the citizenship part).”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > ÃÃÃ
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Apart from its contrivance, this analogy fails because the Nazi racialization of Jews did not conduce to their assimilation.Rather, the reverse was the case.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > Notes and References
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gellately
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A drive to replace Palestinian labour with cheap immigrant labour was begun in the early 1990s in response to the first Intifada. Though this policy was officially abandoned as it generated its own problems, around 8% of Israel's population continues to be made up of illegal immigrants (who are, by definition, non-Jewish).”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > References
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Amir
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Definitionally, in other words, as in the case of other patterned or cumulative phenomena, genocide can obtain retrospectively.”
§ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native > References
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
In some settler-colonial sites such as Fiji, native society was able to accommodate the invaders and the transformative socioeconomic system they introduced.
“In some settler-colonial sites (one thinks, for instance, of Fiji), native society was able to accommodate-though hardly unscathed-the invaders and the transformative socioeconomic system that they introduced.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Land is necessary for life.
“Land is life-or, at least, land is necessary for life.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Settler colonialism always needs more land.
“Of itself, however, modernity cannot explain the insatiable dynamic whereby settler colonialism always needs more land.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Settler colonialism is a specific social formation whose specificity should be retained.
“As stated at the outset, settler colonialism is a specific social formation and it is desirable to retain that specificity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Settler colonialism persists over extended periods of time.
“Since settler colonialism persists over extended periods of time, structural genocide should be easier to interrupt than short-term genocides.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The rule of law is ideologically central to the cohesion of settler society.
“since it does not involve such a disruptive affront to the rule of law that is ideologically central to the cohesion of settler society.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Apartheid also relied on sequestration.
“There again, apartheid also relied on sequestration.”
The paper relies on this without support.
As valuable commodities, slaves had only been destroyed in extremis.
“As valuable commodities, slaves had only been destroyed in extremis.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Porous borders do not offer a way out.
“Porous borders do not offer a way out.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“I use ' settlerhumanitarianism ' to emphasize how liberal interventions inspired by sympathy for Indigenous suffering are aligned with settler-colonialism ' s enduring goal of eliminating Indigenous peoples in order to control and exploit their territory (Wolfe 2006).”
From Settler-Humanitarianism: Healing the Indigenous Child-Victim (2017) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, standards-heavy science education in the U.S. participates in, and is a re fl ection of, U.S. settler colonialism (Calderón, 2014a), as the displacement and elimination of indigenous knowledges from the curriculum mimics how (mostly) European settlers permanently moved into territories for economic gain, while displacing, dispossessing, and enslaving indigenous peoples (Wolfe, 2006).”
From Creating third spaces in K-12 socio-environmental education through indigenous languages: a case study (2024) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“methods included westward removal of Native communities to enable settler territorial expansion as well as ethnocidal settler governmental policy illegitimizing and illegalizing Native cultures and subsequent forced assimilation of Native peoples into Anglo lifestyles-and the settler economy, and the general imposition of settler governmental powers over Native individuals and Native Nations”
From Indigenous Carceral System Inequalities in the US: A Synthesis of the Literature About the Nature and Sources (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“genocide was key among the mechanisms of usurping Native populations of their resources and legal-political powers in the Americas”
From Indigenous Carceral System Inequalities in the US: A Synthesis of the Literature About the Nature and Sources (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The nature of the settler colonial society, regardless of where it is imposed, is defined by the divestiture of the political, governmental, economic powers of the colonized (Indigenous) population toward the benefit and supremacy of the settler population”
From Indigenous Carceral System Inequalities in the US: A Synthesis of the Literature About the Nature and Sources (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Dominant representations of”
From Review of Network Sovereignty: Building the Internet Across Indian Country, Marisa Elena Duarte (2019) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“I use the formulation of ' settlerhumanitarianism ' to express how liberal interventions of care and protection, intended to ameliorate Indigenous suffering, align with settler-colonialism ' s enduring goal of Indigenous elimination (Wolfe 2006).”
From Settler-Humanitarianism: Healing the Indigenous Child-Victim (2017) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The colonial logics of elimination that materialized security theology in Palestine are evinced in other settler colonial contexts (Wolfe, 2006), such as in the United States where curriculums of fear are framed as epistemological tools for reinforcing settler rights to Indigenous lands via statesponsored educational and genocidal projects (Nguyen, 2016).”
From Entwined Complicities: Genocidal Geographies of the Youth Carceral State and Arrivals to Educational Abolitionism (2025) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As Wolfe (2006) famously argued, colonialism is not an event, but a structure of settler societies.”
From Decolonizing prisons: Indigenized programming and a critique of critical prison studies (2023) · cites this paper as Wolfe, 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Wolfe (2006) points out that settler colonialism acts as an enduring structure, not an event, meaning it is not a historical moment of conquest but an ongoing form of occupation through the enduring social, political, and economic structures built by invading people (Grimwood and Johnson 2019;Kauanui 2016;Tuck and Yang 2012;Wolfe 2006).”
From Unsettling Archaeology (2020) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These macro-level social frames are informed by a logic of elimination (Wolfe 2006), which seeks to erase Indigenous Peoples and their rightful claims to land, political sovereignty, and cultural alterity.”
From Archaeology and Social Justice in Native America (2022) · cites this paper as Wolfe 2006
In the citing paper
“Indigenizing healthcare by increasing numbers of Indigenous healthcare providers makes sense and it has been a focus of the Canadian governments and universities in order to improve healthcare and, ultimately, the health of First Nations [72].”
From Confronting Racism within the Canadian Healthcare System: Systemic Exclusion of First Nations from Quality and Consistent Care (2020) · cites this paper as [72]
Citations
Cites
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Harris, C. (2004) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.09401009.x · Cited by 457
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35. The Advantages of Mingling Indians with Whites
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Research works printed but not linked: 23
- [1]1. Rose, Hidden Histories: Black Stories from Victoria River Downs, Humbert River and Wave Hill Stations (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1991), p 46. ne, destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group; the other, the imposition of the national pattern of the oppressor. This imposition, in turn, may be made upon the oppressed population which is allowed to remain, or upon the territory alone, after removal of the population and colonization of the area by the oppressor's own nationals." Raphae ¨l Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress (New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1944), p 79.
- [3]3. Theodor Herzl, Old-New Land [Altneuland, 1902], Lotta Levensohn, trans. (New York: M. Wiener 1941), p 38.
- [13]13. Robert A. Williams, Jr., The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest (Oxford: Oxford U.P. 1990), esp. pp 233-286.
- [14]14. This observation unites almost all commentators, whatever their political inclination. Cf. e.g. Anthony Anghie, "Finding the peripheries: sovereignty and colonialism in nineteenth-century international law," Harvard International Law Journal, Vol 40, 1999, pp 1-80, at p 69;
- [19]19. The classic accounts from a well-established literature include: Annie H. Abel, "The history of events resulting in Indian consolidation west of the Mississippi River," in American Historical Association Annual Report for 1906, 2 vols (Washington, DC: American Historical Association 1906), Vol 2, pp 233 - 450;
- [25]25. For discussion of Olney's "tide of history" concept, see Jackie Delpero, "'The tide of history': Australian native title discourse in global context," MA thesis, Victoria University, Australia, 2003;
- [26]26. David Rittter, "The judgement of the world: the Yorta Yorta case and the "tide of history,'" Australian Historical Studies, Vol 123, 2004, pp 106-121.
- [29]29. n order to justify the inclusion of the Negev in the future Jewish state, eleven new kibbutzim were simul- taneously installed in that desert region on October 6th, 1946, in addition to the ten settlements already established there during the War for the same purpose." Nathan Weinstock, Zionism, False Messiah, Alan Adler, trans. (London: Ink Links 1979), p 249.
- [32]32. Enzo Traverso, The Origins of Nazi Violence, Janet Lloyd, trans. (New York: New Press 2003);
- [35]35. Israel is also, of course, a partial exception here, though not so substantial an exception as is asserted by those who claim that Israel cannot be a colonial formation because it lacks a single commissioning metro- polis. From the outset, the Yishuv co-opted Ottoman, British and US imperialism to its own advantage, a reciprocated opportunism involving what Maxime Rodinson neatly glossed as "the collective mother country." Rodinson, Israel. A Settler-Colonial State? David Thorstad, trans. (New York: Monad 1973), p 76.
- [39]39. "For the provisions serving to the support of humane life, produced by one acre of inclosed and cultivated land, are (to speak much within compasse) ten times more, than those, which are yeilded [sic] by an acre of Land, of an equal richnesse, lyeing wast in common." John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P. 1963 [1698]), p 312.
- [40]40. The new Jew is an enduring Zionist theme. In introducing his terrorist memoir, future Israeli prime minister Menachim Begin announced that, in addition to his Jewish readers, he had also written the book for gentiles: "lest they be unwilling to realise, or all too ready to overlook, the fact that out of blood and fire and tears and ashes a new specimen of human being was born, a specimen completely unknown to the world for over eighteen hundred years, 'the FIGHTING JEW'." Begin, The Revolt, Samuel Katz, trans. (London: W.H. Allen 1979), p xxv, capitals in original. For a more recent diasporan example, see, for instance, the Adi Nes photograph used as publicity for the Jewish Museum of New York's 1998-1999 "After Rabin: new art from Israel" show, at www.thejewishmuseum.org/site/pages/content/exhibitions/special/rabin/rabin_zoom/rabinL1.html 41 "
- [48]48. Henry G. Liddell and Robert Scott, Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon 1869), pp 314, 426. Cf. Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, p 79.
- [51]51. Neil Thomson, "Trends in Aboriginal infant mortality," in Alan Gray, ed., A Matter of Life and Death: Contemporary Aboriginal Infant Mortality (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1990), pp 1-8.
- [61]61. See e.g. Frederick E. Hoxie, A Final Promise. The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880-1920 (Cambridge: Nebraska U.P. 1989); Prucha, Americanizing the American Indians, passim.
- [63]63. "Thus the key factor in colonial and 'post'-colonial race relations is not, as some have argued, simple demographic numbers, since populations have to be differentiated before they can be counted. Difference, it cannot be stressed enough, is not simply given. It is the outcome of differentiation, which is an intensely conflictual process." Patrick Wolfe, "Land, labor, and difference: elementary structures of race," American Historical Review, Vol 106, 2001, pp 865-905, at p 894.
- [68]68. Wolfe, "Nation and miscegeNation," p 111; Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology, p 180. Scholars who have made this point after me are too numerous to mention. Among those who made it before I did, see e.g. Jeremy Beckett, "The past in the present, the present in the past: constructing a national Aboriginality," in his, ed., Past and Present: The Construction of Aboriginality (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press 1988), pp 191-217;
- [71]71. Evans and Thorpe, "The massacre of Aboriginal history," Overland, Vol 163, 2001, pp 21 -39, at p 36.
- [73]73. Robert K. Hitchcock and Tara M. Twedt, "Physical and cultural genocide of various Indigenous peoples," in Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny, eds, Genocide in the Twentieth Century (New York: Garland Press 1995), pp 483 -514, at pp 498-501. For "politicide" ("a process that covers a wide range of social, political, and military activities whose goal is to destroy the political and national viability of a whole community of people"), see Baruch Kimmerling, Politicide. Ariel Sharon's War Against the Palestinians (rev. ed., London: Verso 2006).
- [76]76. Ward Churchill, Indians Are Us? Culture and Genocide in Native North America (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press 1994).
- [80]80. A drive to replace Palestinian labour with cheap immigrant labour was begun in the early 1990s in response to the first Intifada. Though this policy was officially abandoned as it generated its own problems, around 8% of Israel's population continues to be made up of illegal immigrants (who are, by definition, non-Jewish). See Shmuel Amir, "Overseas foreign workers in Israel: policy aims and labor market outcomes," International Migration Review, Vol 36, 2002, pp 41-58;
- [81]81. Eric Beachemin, "Illegal in Israel," Radio Netherlands broadcast, September 15, 2004, at http://www2.rnw.nl/rnw/en/features/humanrights/tornlives/ilegalinisrael?view ¼ Standard; Leila Farsakh, "An occupation that creates children willing to die. Israel: an apartheid state?," Monde Diplomatique, English language edition, November 4, 2003, at http://mondediplo.com/2003/11/ 04apartheid
- [85]85. Joel Williamson, The Crucible of Race: Black-White Relations in the American South Since Eman- cipation (Oxford: Oxford U.P. 1984), pp 180-223.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 6,388
Reed, G., Gobby, J., Sinclair, R., Ivey, R., & Matthews, H. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainable Cities · doi:10.3389/frsc.2021.644675 · Cited by 34
“This includes those that continue to stand up in resistance against the capitalist mode of production and the logics of domination that maintain the structure of settler colonialism (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundNeufeld, K. H. S., Starzyk, K. B., Boese, G. D. B., Efimoff, I. H., & Wright, S. C. (2021) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12783 · Cited by 30
Dromoelimination: Accelerating settler colonialism in Palestine
Ghantous, W., & Joronen, M. (2022) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758221090968 · Cited by 25
“Here, invaders turn inhabitants and the native inhabitants a problem to eliminate through various means and modes of violence and coercion, ranging from assimilation policies and dispossession to outright genocides (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialMcCartan, J., Brimblecombe, J. K., & Adams, K. (2022) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100282 · Cited by 25
The Truth Will Set You Free? The Promises and Pitfalls of Truth‐Telling for Indigenous Emancipation
Maddison, S., Hurst, J. M., & Thomas, A. (2023) · Social Inclusion · doi:10.17645/si.v11i2.6491 · Cited by 25
Ruette‐Orihuela, K., Gough, K. V., Vélez‐Torres, I., & Terreros, C. P. M. (2023) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2023.102934 · Cited by 31
Chen, J., Hsu, F., Yan, L., Lee, H. M., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13080629 · Cited by 41
“Wolfe [33] further suggested three scenarios specific to food tourists visiting a new restaurant within a one- or two-hour drive, visiting foreign grocery stores or food markets during overseas trips, and having a vacation associated with food festivals or seasonal fruit or vegetable plantations.”
BackgroundThe question of genocide and Indigenous child removal: the colonial Australian context
Robinson, S., & Paten, J. (2008) · Journal of Genocide Research · doi:10.1080/14623520802447818 · Cited by 25
Pacification and Indigenous Struggles in Canada
Dafnos, T. (2013) · Socialist studies · doi:10.18740/s49g6r · Cited by 30
The Biopolitical Logics of Settler Colonialism and Disruptive Relationality
Dietrich, R. (2016) · Culture Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies · doi:10.1177/1532708616638696 · Cited by 25
“…crucial for a thorough analysis and critique of settler colonialism, because: “Territoriality is settler colonialism’s specific, irreducible element” (P. Wolfe, 2006, p. 388).2 Notably, then, recent iterations of settler colonial and critical Indigenous studies approaches put an emphasis on how…”
BackgroundTransformative Sustainability Education and Empowerment Practice on Indigenous Lands
Williams, L. (2018) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/1541344618789363 · Cited by 25
“As Wolfe (2006) reminds us, colonial invasion is not an event, but an ongoing structure, which continues to deeply affect our self-understanding and the ways we live and think.”
BackgroundInfluentialComack, E. (2018) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-018-9414-y · Cited by 25
Incarcerated Childhood and the Politics of Unchilding
Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N. (2019) · doi:10.1017/9781108555470 · Cited by 32
NPCC4: Advancing climate justice in climate adaptation strategies for New York City
Foster, S. R., Baptista, A., Nguyen, K. H., Tchen, J., Tedesco, M., & Leichenko, R. (2024) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15148 · Cited by 26
Thielen-Wilson, L. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société · doi:10.1017/cls.2014.4 · Cited by 23
Reorientation of trade, investment and migration
Pomfret, R. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cho9781107445222.025 · Cited by 24
Haight, W., Waubanascum, C., Glesener, D., et al. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105601 · Cited by 24
“Settler colonialism is a form of colonialism where settlers come to stay, destroying Indigenous life and replacing it with their own structures, ultimately for land possession (Tuck & Yang, 2012; Wolfe, 2006; Veracini, 2011).”
BackgroundInfrastructure and the Form of Politics
Barney, D. D. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Communication · doi:10.22230/cjc.2021v46n2a3833 · Cited by 25
“In light of the particular history and present of settler colonialism as an infrastructural project, it is hard to imagine that Winner’s basic propositions could ever have been controversial (Byrd 2011; Day, 2016; Karuka 2019; Rifkin 2014; Wolfe 2006).”
BackgroundKent‐Stoll, P. (2022) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spac054 · Cited by 24
Gartner, D. R., Maples, C., Nash, M. J., & Howard, H. (2023) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxad001 · Cited by 30
“25 These populations share similar experiences of oppression, domination, and discrimination by and within nation-states.”
BackgroundThe Coloniality of drug prohibition
Dertadian, G. C. (2024) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104368 · Cited by 24
Lavalley, J., Steinhauer, L., Bundy, D. B., Kerr, T. H., & McNeil, R. (2024) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104631 · Cited by 27
Denying Indigenous Environmental Justice: Experiences from Australia, Brazil, and Canada
Aravind, S. (2021) · Fourth World Journal · doi:10.63428/2sxzbx08 · Cited by 26
A Basic Writing Course Design to Promote Writer Identity: Three Analyses of Student Papers
Bird, B. (2013) · Journal of Basic Writing · doi:10.37514/jbw-j.2013.32.1.04 · Cited by 25
Is the Violence of Tag Mehir a State Crime?
Shalhoub‐Kevorkian, N., & David, Y. (2015) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azv101 · Cited by 24
Wounded Knee: Settler Colonial Property Regimes and Indigenous Liberation
Estes, N. (2013) · Capitalism Nature Socialism · doi:10.1080/10455752.2013.814697 · Cited by 24
“Yet, the very foundation of wealth (both monetary and material) in the U.S. ultimately boils down to the accumulation of land through active dispossession and elimination of Native peoples (Wolfe 2006).”
Searching for the ‘C’ Word: Museums, Art Galleries, and Settler Colonialism in Hawai‘i
Kosasa, K. K. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230306288_11 · Cited by 24
Native rhythms in the city: embodied refusal among Uyghur male migrants in Ürümchi
Byler, D. (2017) · Central Asian Survey · doi:10.1080/02634937.2017.1410468 · Cited by 24
“See Wolfe (2006) for a discussion of comparative cases of strategies of elimination of native populations in North America, Australia, Israel and elsewhere.”
BackgroundColonialism invigorated? The manufacture of resilient indigeneity
Lindroth, M., & Sinevaara-Niskanen, H. (2019) · Resilience · doi:10.1080/21693293.2019.1601860 · Cited by 28
“Languages, livelihoods and intergenerational knowledge have been lost in whole or in part due to forced removals, social stigmas, confiscation of lands, legal sanctions and racism (e.g. Wolfe, 2006, 2016).”
BackgroundSonic Sovereignty: Performing Hopi Authority in Öngtupqa
Reed, T. (2019) · Journal of the Society for American Music · doi:10.1017/s1752196319000397 · Cited by 24
Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress
Ullah, A. A., Lee, S. C. W., Hassan, N. H., et al. (2020) · Global Affairs · doi:10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 · Cited by 24
“Some other says, when Europeans moved around the world, the stigmatized “indigenous locals” were considered as inferior and described them as “the others” (Patrick, 2006).”
BackgroundGun to body: Mental health against unchilding
Shalhoub‐Kevorkian, N. (2020) · International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies · doi:10.1002/aps.1652 · Cited by 28
Saner, R., & Yiu, L. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607.008 · Cited by 24
The Plantation's Outsides: The Work of Settlement in Kalimpong, India
Besky, S. (2021) · Comparative Studies in Society and History · doi:10.1017/s0010417521000104 · Cited by 24
“There are also striking similarities to Native American residential schools in the United States and Canada (see Willinsky 1998; Tuck and Gaztambide-Fernández 2013; Wolfe 2006).”
BackgroundResult(Re)producing the Israeli (European) body: Zionism, Anti-Black Racism and the Depo-Provera Affair
Abusneineh, B. (2021) · Feminist Review · doi:10.1177/01417789211016331 · Cited by 24
“Rather than a singular event, settler colonialism requires the displacement and subordination of the Indigenous groups occupying desired land and seeks to replace them with a different society (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundGrosglik, R., Handel, A., & Monterescu, D. (2021) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758211041121 · Cited by 24
“While colonial agriculture has typically represented “natives as unsettled, nomadic, rootless” (Wolfe, 2006), in recent years, several studies have described the use of farming for reclaiming indigenous identity in settler colonial settings.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe vermin of the street: the politics of violence and the nomos of automobility
Braun, R. L., & Randell, R. (2021) · Mobilities · doi:10.1080/17450101.2021.1981118 · Cited by 24
“American Indian” as a Racial Category in Public Health: Implications for Communities and Practice
Gartner, D. R., Wilbur, R. E., & McCoy, M. L. (2021) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2021.306465 · Cited by 24
Veronese, G., Cavazzoni, F., Russo, S., & Ayoub, H. (2022) · Journal of International and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/17513057.2022.2102204 · Cited by 24
“Palestinian children and the Israeli military violence “Invasion is a structure, not an event” (Wolfe, 2006, p. 388).”
BackgroundFrom the Sky to the Ground: Indigenous Peoples in an Age of Space Expansion
Milligan, T. (2022) · Space Policy · doi:10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101520 · Cited by 26
The wheel of history and minorities’ ‘self-sacrifice’ for the Chinese nation
Bulag, U. E. (2023) · Comparative Education · doi:10.1080/03050068.2023.2271781 · Cited by 24
“This framing is derived from the writings of Patrick Wolfe who has argued that genocide is intrinsic to settler colonialism as both the intention and consequence of a settler colonial encounter with indigenous peoples that follows a ‘ logic of elimination ’ (Wolfe 2006).”
MethodSato, M. T., Silva, R. H., & Jaber, M. (2014) · Environmental Education Research · doi:10.1080/13504622.2013.852654 · Cited by 24
“…discuss the various cultural effects of colonization,’ as distinct to closely related terms associated with the political and economic transitions primarily marked by some post-colonial theories (see the work of Fanon (1979), Bhabha (1994), Wolfe (1999, 2006), Anderson (2008) and Veracine (2011).”
BackgroundResidential Schools and Opinion-Making in the Era of Traumatized Subjects and Taxpayer-Citizens
Henderson, J. (2015) · Journal of Canadian Studies · doi:10.3138/jcs.49.1.5 · Cited by 24
“On settler colonialism as a structure of elimination, see Patrick Wolfe (2006).”
BackgroundIndefinite Detention Meets Colonial Dispossession
Blagg, H., Tulich, T., & Bush, Z. (2017) · Social & Legal Studies · doi:10.1177/0964663916676650 · Cited by 24
“According to Wolfe (2006), the logic of white settlement is ‘eliminatory’ in relation to Indigenous peoples’ connection to land.”
BackgroundTHE STUDY OF SUSTAINED COLONIALISM: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE KASHAYA POMO HOMELAND IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
Lightfoot, K. G., & Gonzalez, S. L. (2018) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2018.17 · Cited by 24
Phillips, L. G., Ritchie, J., & Adair, J. K. (2018) · Compare A Journal of Comparative and International Education · doi:10.1080/03057925.2018.1543578 · Cited by 24
If you don’t know how, just learn: Chinese housing and the transformation of Uyghur domestic space
Grose, T. A. (2020) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2020.1789686 · Cited by 24
“Put another way, the Three News project – as do other colonial campaigns – destroys in order to replace (Wolfe 2006).”
BackgroundKnowledge of Life: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia
Price, K. (2015) · Cited by 23
The Logic of Recognition: Debating Osage Nation Citizenship in the Twenty-First Century
Dennison, J. (2013) · The American Indian Quarterly · doi:10.1353/aiq.2014.0009 · Cited by 23
In the Balance: Indigeneity, Performance, Globalization
Greyeyes, M., Guzmán, T. D., Moyo, A., Werry, M., Ginsburg, F., Raymond, R., Córdova, A., Haebich, A., Hilder, T., Joseph, D., et al. (2017) · Liverpool University Press eBooks · doi:10.3828/9781786940803 · Cited by 23
Corntassel, J. G. (2021) · Anarchist Developments in Cultural Studies · Cited by 23
Cubillo, B., Stacey, N., & Brimblecombe, J. K. (2023) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2023.102434 · Cited by 28
Surrogacy at the Fertility Frontier
Vertommen, S. (2024) · History of the Present · doi:10.1215/21599785-10898374 · Cited by 23
Palestine Studies, Knowledge Production, and the Struggle for Decolonisation
Pappé, I., Dana, T., & Naser–Najjab, N. (2024) · Middle East Critique · doi:10.1080/19436149.2024.2342189 · Cited by 23
“This was another dimension of what Wolfe (2016) called the ‘elimination of the native’ logic, which is typical of most settler colonial projects in the world.”
Containing Aboriginal Mobility in the Northern Territory: From 'Protectionism' to 'Interventionism'
Howard‐Wagner, D., & Kelly, B. (2011) · Law/text/culture · doi:10.14453/ltc.637 · Cited by 24
“It ‘destroys in order to replace’ and is primarily motivated by access to and control of territory (Wolfe 2006: 388).”
BackgroundUncovering Colonial Legacies: Voices of Indigenous Youth on Child Welfare (Dis)Placements
Navia, D., Henderson, R., & Charger, L. F. (2018) · Anthropology & Education Quarterly · doi:10.1111/aeq.12245 · Cited by 30
The cultural politics of water in the Everglades and beyond
Cattelino, J. R. (2015) · Hau Journal of Ethnographic Theory · doi:10.14318/hau5.3.013 · Cited by 23
Meari, L. (2017) · Community Development Journal · doi:10.1093/cdj/bsx030 · Cited by 23
Sommerville, M. (2018) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12395 · Cited by 23
Colonial America Today: U.S. Empire and the Political Status of Native American Nations
Bacon, J. M., & Norton, M. (2019) · Comparative Studies in Society and History · doi:10.1017/s0010417519000069 · Cited by 24
“Eliminationism (Wolfe 2006) has indeed been the policy of the United States toward Native people at multiple times.32 Native peoples and polities in 32 At times this has been explicit policy, as in the “termination era” of the 1940s–1960s, while in others elimination takes subtler guises such as…”
BackgroundAngelino, A. C., Evans‐Campbell, T., & Duran, B. (2020) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-019-00693-7 · Cited by 23
Theorizing race in Hawai‘i: Centering place, indigeneity, and settler colonialism
Darrah–Okike, J. (2020) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12791 · Cited by 29
Settler colonialism and the violent geographies of tourism in the California redwoods
Walter, P. (2021) · Tourism Geographies · doi:10.1080/14616688.2020.1867888 · Cited by 23
“As Wolfe (2006) explains, settler colonialism is premised on the ‘elimination of the native: … elimination is an organizing principal of settler colonial society rather than a one-off (and superseded) occurrence… Settler colonialism destroys to replace’ (p. 388).”
BackgroundGreenfield, B. L., Elm, J. H. L., & Hallgren, K. A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11036-9 · Cited by 24
Levkoe, C. Z., McLaughlin, J. K., & Strutt, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2021.672458 · Cited by 23
Mills, K., Creedy, D. K., Sunderland, N., Allen, J., Carter, A. G., & Corporal, S. (2021) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105219 · Cited by 23
Barriers to Achieving Reproductive Justice for an Indigenous Gulf Coast Tribe
Liddell, J. L., & Doria, C. M. (2022) · Affilia · doi:10.1177/08861099221083029 · Cited by 25
“More particularly, settler colonialism is characterized by the elimination of Indigenous peoples through various strategies, including forced relocation, child abduction, forced assimilation, and most importantly, land acquisition (Wolfe, 2006).”
BackgroundSatterfield, T. A., Nawaz, S., & Boettcher, M. (2023) · State of the Planet · doi:10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-11-2023 · Cited by 33
Mobilization and Conflict in Multiethnic States
Vogt, M. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190065874.001.0001 · Cited by 24
Unsettling Reconciliation: Decolonial Methods for Transforming Social-Ecological Systems
Murdock, E. G. (2018) · Environmental Values · doi:10.3197/096327118x15321668325948 · Cited by 25
“In this way, ‘settler colonialism is a structure not an event’, incapable of being reduced to a finite, closed occurrence (Wolfe, 2006: 388).”
BackgroundElimi(Nation): Canada’s “Post-Settler” Embrace of Disposable Migrant Labour
Stasiulis, D. K. (2020) · Studies in Social Justice · doi:10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.2251 · Cited by 30
“Intrinsic to settler colonialism is a “logic of elimination,” a drive to reduce Indigenous peoples who are regarded as an obstacle to the appropriation and settlement of land (Wolfe, 2006; see also Coulthard, 2014; Day, 2015).”
BackgroundLearning with immigrant indigenous parents in school and community
Baquedano‐López, P. (2020) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1080/00405841.2020.1829384 · Cited by 23
Ko, D., Bal, A., Bear, A. B., Sannino, A., & Engeström, Y. (2021) · Race Ethnicity and Education · doi:10.1080/13613324.2021.1969903 · Cited by 28
“In the settler colonial school system, Native American students continue to experience unwarranted pathologization and criminalization through which their grief, pain, and resentment become multiplied (Wolfe 2006).”
Background“Globalization,” Coloniality, and Decolonial Love in STEM Education
Takeuchi, M. A., & Marin, A. M. (2022) · Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1655 · Cited by 23
Determining Emotions and the Burden of Proof in Investigative Commissions to Palestine
ALLEN, L. A. (2017) · Comparative Studies in Society and History · doi:10.1017/s0010417517000081 · Cited by 24
Pexa, C. J. (2018) · MELUS Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States · doi:10.1093/melus/mlx079 · Cited by 22
Murray, C. E. (2019) · Journal of Historical Sociology · doi:10.1111/johs.12224 · Cited by 22
Imperial Whiteness: Fantasy, Colonialism and New Walls
Stümer, J. (2019) · New Global Studies · doi:10.1515/ngs-2019-0030 · Cited by 21
“If settler colonialism is an enduring structure (Wolfe 2006) rather than a past event, Trump’s wall can be read as the screen for a national imaginary that demonstrates how American greatness is renewed through fascist rhetoric and nostalgia for empire.”
BackgroundHajj, N. (2021) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.111 · Cited by 24
Zargar, H., & Osuri, G. (2023) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/dech.12809 · Cited by 22
Development as terracide: sacrifice zones and extractivism as state policy in Mexico
Tornel, C. (2024) · Globalizations · doi:10.1080/14747731.2024.2424075 · Cited by 22
Blatman, N. (2016) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.11.007 · Cited by 22
(2015) · University of Hawaii Press eBooks · doi:10.21313/hawaii/9780824855857.001.0001 · Cited by 24
Hall, R. J. (2020) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.01.013 · Cited by 23
THE RACIAL HISTORY OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN AMERICA
Thompson, H. A. (2019) · Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x19000183 · Cited by 30
“As scholars such as Patrick Wolfe (2006) point out, such power and ownership was made possible only because the “native” had, in effect, been eliminated.”
BackgroundHackl, A. (2020) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/1467-9655.13316 · Cited by 22
“The ‘elimination’ (Wolfe 2006) and ‘supersession’ (Edmonds 2010) of native sovereignty and space lives on through the many ‘ongoing attempts of political erasure’ (Sturm 2017: 341), one of them being conditional inclusion.”
BackgroundPicturing the pipeline: Mapping settler colonialism on Instagram
Karsgaard, C., & MacDonald, M. (2020) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444820912541 · Cited by 23
“Though settler colonialism is typically theorized as a structure (Wolfe, 2006), these maps speak against hegemonic notions of settler colonialism.”
BackgroundAnimate Earth, Settler Ruins: Mound Landscapes and Decolonial Futures in the Native South
Bloch, L. (2020) · Cultural Anthropology · doi:10.14506/ca35.4.02 · Cited by 12
Debunking the Myth of Canada as a Non-Colonial Power
Midzain-Gobin, L., & Smith, H. A. (2020) · The American Review of Canadian Studies · doi:10.1080/02722011.2020.1849329 · Cited by 22
“This view further highlights a national ignorance to contemporary, structural forms of (settler) colonialism (Pasternak 2017; Wolfe 2006; Veracini 2015).”
BackgroundUnpaid care, welfare conditionality and expropriation
Klein, E. (2021) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12679 · Cited by 22
Lees, A., Tropp Laman, T., & Calderón, D. (2021) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1080/00405841.2021.1911482 · Cited by 23
“…permanent move of mostly European settlers into other territories that require the ongoing displacement and/or elimination of Indigenous peoples (Wolfe, 2006), the enslavement and dispossession of Indigenous peoples from Africa (Kelley, 2017), and the individual ownership of land for capital…”
BackgroundIncarceration, classification and control: Administrative detention in settler colonial Australia
Nethery, A. (2021) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102457 · Cited by 22
Learning Together for and with the Martuwarra Fitzroy River
Hill, R., Harkness, P., Raisbeck‐Brown, N., Lyons, I., Álvarez-Romero, J., Kim, M. K., Chungalla, D., Wungundin, H., Aiken, M., Malay, J., et al. (2021) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-021-00988-x · Cited by 22
“Remote Indigenous land-attached peoples encounter continuing dispossession and erasure of influence over their ancestral lands and waters through the administrative systems of government and the private/corporate ownership and control of property, land and water (Wolfe 2006).”
BackgroundIndigenous articulations of social media and digital assemblages of care
Frazer, R., Carlson, B. L., & Farrelly, T. (2022) · Digital Geography and Society · doi:10.1016/j.diggeo.2022.100038 · Cited by 23
“Understanding settler colonialism as a particular geographical formation and distinct political project (Wolfe, 2006), this work points towards the many ways that the health and wellbeing of Indigenous peoples are politically determined.”
BackgroundAwakening to Elsewheres: Collectively Restorying Embodied Experiences of (Be)longing
McGuire-Adams, T. D., Joseph, J., Peers, D., Eales, L., Bridel, W., Chen, C., Hamdon, E., & Kingsley, B. C. (2022) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.2021-0124 · Cited by 29
“As Wolfe (2006) declared, “settler colonialism destroys to replace” (p. 388).”
BackgroundAll I See Is White. The Colonial Problem in Finland
Kuokkanen, R. (2022) · Helsinki University Press eBooks · doi:10.33134/hup-17-12 · Cited by 25
Settler Children, Kangaroos and the Cultural Politics of Australian National Belonging
Taylor, A. (2014) · Global Studies of Childhood · doi:10.2304/gsch.2014.4.3.169 · Cited by 22
“Importantly, he emphasises that this securement and legitimisation is predicated upon the initial dispossession of indigenous people and the continuing disavowal of their presence, or what Patrick Wolfe (2006) calls the ‘elimination of the native’.”
BackgroundCooke, L. (2017) · Tourist Studies · doi:10.1177/1468797616685643 · Cited by 28
“…to the Grave”—Autopsy, settler structures, and indigenous counter-conduct
Smiles, N. D. (2018) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.034 · Cited by 22
Learning to feel at home in the Anthropocene:
Vine, M. (2018) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/amet.12674 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolfe, P.
- Corresponding author
- Wolfe, Patrick
- Venue
- Journal of Genocide Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 387-409
- ISSN
- 1462-3528 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-9494
- OpenAlex
- W2018276495
- Cited by
- 6,491
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 580 · 2025: 873 · 2024: 682 · 2023: 696 · 2022: 623 · 2021: 724 · 2020: 614 · 2019: 554 · 2018: 364 · 2017: 213 · 2016: 154 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 155 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 27.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Genocide Research (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law
- Keywords
- settler colonialism, genocide, land dispossession
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