The DOI matches its Crossref record; 218 of the 245 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 192 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology
Open accessAbstract
Despite long-standing interest in the influence of adverse early experiences on mental health, systematic scientific inquiry into childhood adversity and developmental outcomes has emerged only recently. Existing research has amply demonstrated that exposure to childhood adversity is associated with elevated risk for multiple forms of youth psychopathology. In contrast, knowledge of developmental mechanisms linking childhood adversity to the onset of psychopathology-and whether those mechanisms are general or specific to particular kinds of adversity-remains cursory. Greater understanding of these pathways and identification of protective factors that buffer children from developmental disruptions following exposure to adversity is essential to guide the development of interventions to prevent the onset of psychopathology following adverse childhood experiences. This article provides recommendations for future research in this area. In particular, use of a consistent definition of childhood adversity, integration of studies of typical development with those focused on childhood adversity, and identification of distinct dimensions of environmental experience that differentially influence development are required to uncover mechanisms that explain how childhood adversity is associated with numerous psychopathology outcomes (i.e., multifinality) and identify moderators that shape divergent trajectories following adverse childhood experiences. A transdiagnostic model that highlights disruptions in emotional processing and poor executive functioning as key mechanisms linking childhood adversity with multiple forms of psychopathology is presented as a starting point in this endeavour. Distinguishing between general and specific mechanisms linking childhood adversity with psychopathology is needed to generate empirically informed interventions to prevent the long-term consequences of adverse early environments on children's development.
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104 Not checked yet · 56 Own interpretation · 10 No basis given
In the paper
“Using data from a large population-based cohort of adolescents, we recently replicated the association between childhood trauma exposure and blunted cardiac output reactivity during acute stress (Heleniak, Riese, Ormel, & McLaughlin, 2016).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Heleniak, Riese, Ormel, & McLaughlin, 2016
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“a recent study from my lab found that when trying to regulate emotional responses using cognitive reappraisal, children who had been abused recruited regions of the prefrontal cortex involved in effortful control to a greater degree than children who had never experienced violence (McLaughlin, Peverill, et al., 2015).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McLaughlin, Peverill, et al., 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“We observed a pattern of increased vascular resistance and blunted cardiac output reactivity among youths who had been physically or sexually abused relative to participants with no history of violence exposure (McLaughlin, Sheridan, Alves, & Mendes, 2014).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McLaughlin, Sheridan, Alves, & Mendes, 2014
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In recent work in our lab, we have also observed blunted reward learning among children exposed to institutional rearing (Sheridan, McLaughlin, et al., 2016).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sheridan, McLaughlin, et al., 2016
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“in recent work we have shown that early environmental deprivation has a particularly pronounced impact on the development of stress response systems during the first 2 years of life (McLaughlin et al., 2015).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Moderators of the Link Between Distal and Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McLaughlin et al., 2015
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, findings from epidemiological studies indicate clearly that exposure to childhood adversity powerfully shapes risk for psychopathology in the population.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“far less is known about which of these mechanisms are common across different types of adversity versus specific to particular types of experiences.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the burgeoning interest and research attention devoted to childhood adversity, there is a surprising lack of consistency with regard to the definition and measurement of the construct.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Finally, exposure to childhood adversity explains a substantial proportion of mental disorder onsets in the population, both in the United States and cross-nationally”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Afifi et al., 2008
- Not checked yetcites Green et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al., 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Existing research has amply demonstrated that exposure to childhood adversity is associated with elevated risk for multiple forms of youth psychopathology.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > Abstract
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 38
- Probably not a substantial claim. 26
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, deprivation exposure was associated with deficits in inhibition to both neutral and emotional stimuli and poor cognitive flexibility.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“in a recent study in my lab, we observed that exposure to trauma (both maltreatment and community violence) was associated with deficits in inhibitory control only in the context of emotional stimuli (i.e., a Stroop task involving emotional faces) and not when stimuli were neutral (i.e., shapes), and had no association with cognitive flexibility (Lambert, King, Monahan, & McLaughlin, 2016).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lambert, King, Monahan, & McLaughlin, 2016
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Second, individuals who have experienced childhood adversity are at elevated risk for developing a lifetime mental disorder compared to individuals without such exposure, and the odds of developing a lifetime mental disorder increase as exposure to adversity increases”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Edwards et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Green et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al., 1997
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The prevalence of exposure to childhood adversity is estimated at about 50% in the U.S. population across numerous epidemiological surveys”
- Also stated in: § CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY · boosted
“Remarkably similar prevalence estimates have been documented in other high-income countries, as well as in low- and middle-income countries worldwide”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Green et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Kessler, Davis, & Kendler, 1997
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al., 2010
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY · boosted
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Childhood adversity exposure is associated not only with risk of mental disorder onset in childhood and adolescence (McLaughlin, Green, et al., 2012) but also with elevated odds of developing a first onset mental disorder in adulthood, which persists after adjustment for mental disorders beginning at earlier stages of development”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McLaughlin, Green, et al., 2012
- Not checked yetcites Green et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al., 1997
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the lack of an agreed-upon definition of the construct represents a significant impediment to future progress in the field.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Childhood adversity is a coherent construct that can be defined and measured consistently enough to support cumulative research.
In the paper
“the ACE score, a count of the total number of adversities experienced, is designed to assess “the total amount of stress experienced during childhood.””
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/acestudy/findings.html
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Even in the seminal ACE Study that spurred much of the recent research into childhood adversity, a concrete definition of adverse childhood experience is not provided. The original article from the study argues for the importance of understanding the lasting health effects of child abuse and “household dysfunction,” the latter of which is never defined specifically”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Felitti et al., 1998
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Studies of institutional rearing have identified a sensitive period for the development of a secure attachment relationship at around 2 years of age; the majority of children placed into stable family care before that time ultimately develop secure attachments to a caregiver, whereas the majority of children placed after 2 years fail to develop secure attachments”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smyke et al., 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in order to uncover mechanisms linking childhood adversity to psychopathology, the developmental trajectory of the candidate emotional, cognitive, social, or neurobiological process under typical circumstances must first be characterized before examining how exposure to an adverse environment alters that trajectory.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Childhood adversity is difficult to define but fairly obvious to most observers, making the construct an example of the classic standard of you know it when you see it.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“deviations from the expectable environment often take two primary forms: an absence of expected inputs (e. g., limited exposure to language or the absence of a primary caregiver), or the presence of unexpected inputs that represent significant threats to the physical integrity or well-being of the child”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McLaughlin, Sheridan, & Lambert, 2014
- Not checked yetcites Sheridan & McLaughlin, 2014
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Children reared in institutional settings also exhibit social skills deficits, delays in language development, lasting disruptions in executive functioning skills, decrements in IQ, and atypical patterns of emotional processing”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Almas et al., 2012
- Not checked yetcites Bos, Fox, Zeanah, & Nelson, 2009
- Not checked yetcites Nelson et al., 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Developmental psychopathology emphasizes the cumulative and hierarchical nature of development”
- Also stated in: § Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development · plain
“Learning and acquisition of competencies at one point in development provide the scaffolding upon which subsequent skills and competencies are built”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gottlieb, 1991a, 1991b
- Not checked yetcites Sroufe, 2009
- Not checked yetcites Sroufe, Egeland, & Kreutzer, 1990
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development · plain
In the paper
“Toxic stress refers to the second component of stress just described—the response of the organism. Specifically, toxic stress refers to exaggerated, frequent, or prolonged activation of physiological stress response systems in response to an accumulation of multiple adversities over time in the absence of protection from a supportive caregiver”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Shonkoff & Garner, 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The concept of toxic stress is conceptually similar to the construct of allostatic load as defined by McEwen (2000) and focuses on a different aspect of stress than childhood adversity.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McEwen, 2000
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Identifying sensitive periods is likely to yield critical insights into the points in development when particular capabilities are most likely to be influenced by environmental experience”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Sensitive periods in emotional, social, cognitive, and neurobiological development exist and can be identified by studying the timing of adversity exposure.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“determining how anomalous or atypical environmental inputs influence developmental processes differently based on the timing of exposure provides a unique opportunity to identify sensitive periods in development”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A developmental psychopathology perspective emphasizes the reciprocal and integrated nature of our understanding of normal and abnormal development”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti, 1996
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993 source
- Not checked yetcites Lynch & Cicchetti, 1998
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The prevailing conceptualization of life stress defines the construct as the adaptation of an organism to specific circumstances that change over time (Monroe, 2008). This definition includes three primary components that interact with one another: environment (the circumstance or event that requires adaptation by the organism), organism (the response to the environmental stimulus), and time (the”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Monroe, 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examples of adverse childhood experiences that would not be considered traumatic are neglect; poverty; and the absence of a stable, supportive caregiver.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such information can be leveraged to inform decisions about the points in time when psychosocial interventions for children exposed to adversity are likely to be maximally efficacious.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Understanding developmental mechanisms and protective factors will make it possible to design interventions that prevent psychopathology after childhood adversity.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Traumatic events occurring in childhood represent one potential form of childhood adversity, but not all types of childhood adversity are traumatic.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The expectable environment refers to a wide range of species-typical environmental inputs that the human brain requires to develop normally. These include sensory inputs (e.g., variation in patterned light information that is required for normal development of the visual system), exposure to language, and the presence of a sensitive and responsive caregiver”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fox et al., 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Trauma is defined as exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, either by directly experiencing or witnessing such events or by learning of such events occurring to a close relative or friend”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Defining Childhood Adversity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites American Psychiatric Association, 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Identifying sensitive periods of emotional and social development requires detailed information on the timing of exposure to atypical or adverse environments, which is challenging to measure.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“identification of sensitive periods has remained elusive in other domains of emotional and social development, potentially reflecting the fact that sensitive periods exist for fewer processes in these domains.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“recent evidence suggests that child maltreatment is associated with a latent liability for psychopathology that explains entirely the associations of maltreatment with specific mental disorders (Caspi et al., 2014; Keyes et al., 2012).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Explaining Multifinality
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Caspi et al., 2014
- Not checked yetcites Keyes et al., 2012
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Sensitive periods have been identified both in sensory development and in the development of complex social–cognitive skills, including language”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Integrating Studies of Typical and Atypical Development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hensch, 2005
- Not checked yetcites Kuhl, 2004
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although they are probabilistically related to psychopathology, exposure to threat and deprivation do not invariably lead to mental disorders.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Distal Risk Factors
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the model is not intended to be comprehensive in delineating all mechanisms linking childhood adversity with psychopathology but rather focuses on two candidate mechanisms linking childhood adversity to multiple forms of psychopathology.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This pattern suggests that attempts to modulate emotional responses to negative cues require more cognitive resources for children with abuse histories, meaning that effective regulation may break down more easily in the face of stress.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“modern conceptualizations of resilience describe it as a developmental process that unfolds over time as an ongoing transaction between a child and the multiple contexts in which he or she is embedded (Luthar et al., 2000).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Characterizing the Interplay of Risk and Protective Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Luthar et al., 2000
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, converging evidence across multiple levels of analysis indicates that exposure to trauma is associated with a persistent pattern of information processing involving biased attention toward potential threats in the environment, heightened neural and subjective responses to negative emotional cues, and a pattern of autonomic nervous system reactivity consistent with heightened threat”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“in most cases children exposed to adversity exhibit adaptive functioning in some domains but not others; even within a single domain, children may be functioning well at one point in time but not at others (Luthar et al., 2000).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Characterizing the Interplay of Risk and Protective Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Luthar et al., 2000
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“children with abuse histories—an environment characterized by high levels of threat—exhibit attention biases toward facial displays of anger, identify anger with little perceptual information, have difficulty disengaging from angry faces, and display anticipatory monitoring of the environment following interpersonal displays of anger (Pollak, Cicchetti, Hornung, & Reed, 2000; Pollak & Sinha, 2002;”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pollak, Cicchetti, Hornung, & Reed, 2000
- Not checked yetcites Pollak & Sinha, 2002
- Not checked yetcites Pollak & Tolley-Schell, 2003
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These attention biases are specific to children who have experienced violence; for example, children who have been neglected (i.e., an environment characterized by deprivation in social and cognitive inputs) experience difficulty discriminating facial expressions of emotion but do not exhibit attention biases toward threat (Pollak, Klorman, Thatcher, & Cicchetti, 2001; Pollak et al., 2005).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pollak, Klorman, Thatcher, & Cicchetti, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Pollak et al., 2005
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Experiences of uncontrollable threat are associated with strong learning of specific contingencies and overgeneralization of that learning to novel contexts, which facilitates the processing of salient emotional cues in the environment (e.g., biased attention to threat).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“High reliance on rumination as a strategy for responding to distress has been observed in adolescents and adults who were abused as children (Conway, Mendelson, Giannopoulos, Csank, & Holm, 2005; Heleniak et al., in press; Sarin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2010), adolescents who experienced victimization by peers (McLaughlin, Hatzenbuehler, & Hilt, 2009), and both adolescents and adults exposed to a wide”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Conway, Mendelson, Giannopoulos, Csank, & Holm, 2005
- Not checked yetcites Heleniak et al., in press
- Not checked yetcites Sarin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the same time, these mechanisms are also specific in that each is most likely to emerge following exposure to specific dimensions of adverse early experience.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Proximal risk factors directly influence symptoms and are temporally closer to symptom onset and often easier to modify than distal risk factors (Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They represent environmental conditions largely outside the control of the child that are linked to the onset of psychopathology only through intervening causal mechanisms that represent more proximal risk factors.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Distal Risk Factors
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nolen-Hoeksema and Watkins (2011) argued that proximal risk factors are within-person factors that mediate the relationship between distal risk factors—including aspects of environmental context that are difficult to modify, such as childhood adversity—and the emergence of psychopathology.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Atypical physiological responses to emotional cues have also been documented consistently among children who have experienced trauma, although the specific pattern of findings has varied across studies depending on the specific physiological measures and emotion eliciting paradigms employed.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“although genetic variation clearly contributes to developmental trajectories of adaptation and maladaptation following childhood adversity, this topic has been reviewed extensively elsewhere (Heim & Binder, 2012; McCrory, De Brito, & Viding, 2010; Uher & McGuffin, 2010)”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND YOUTH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Characterizing the Interplay of Risk and Protective Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Heim & Binder, 2012
- Not checked yetcites McCrory, De Brito, & Viding, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Uher & McGuffin, 2010
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“deficits have also been observed among children raised in low SES families, including problems with working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility (Blair, 2002; Farah et al., 2006; Noble et al., 2007; Noble, Norman, & Farah, 2005; Raver, Blair, Willoughby, & The Family life Project Key Investigators, 2013), as well as deficits in language abilities (Fernald, Marchman, & Weisleder, 2”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Blair, 2002
- Not checked yetcites Farah et al., 2006
- Not checked yetcites Noble et al., 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“an increase in ventral striatum response to happy emotional faces occurred from childhood to adolescence in typically developing children but not in children reared in deprived institutions (Goff et al., 2013).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goff et al., 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Children raised in institutional settings exhibit a range of deficits in cognitive functions including general intellectual ability (Nelson et al., 2007; O’Connor, Rutter, Beckett, Keaveney, & Kreppner, 2000), expressive and receptive language (Albers, Johnson, Hostetter, Iverson, & Miller, 1997; Windsor et al., 2011), and executive function skills (Bos et al., 2009; Tibu et al., 2016).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nelson et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites O’Connor, Rutter, Beckett, Keaveney, & Kreppner, 2000
- Not checked yetcites Albers, Johnson, Hostetter, Iverson, & Miller, 1997
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Some of these dimensions of environmental experience have also been shown to be deprived among children raised in poverty, including access to cognitively enriching activities—including access to books, toys, and puzzles; learning opportunities outside the home (e.g., museums) and within the context of the parent–child relationship (e.g., parental encouragement of learning colors, words, and num”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bradley, Convyn, Burchinal, McAdoo, & Coll, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Bradley, Corwyn, McAdoo, & Coll, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Dubowitz et al., 2002
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“degree of environmental stimulation in the home and amount and quality of maternal language each predict the development of language skills in early childhood (Farah et al., 2008; Hoff, 2003)”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Farah et al., 2008
- Not checked yetcites Hoff, 2003
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“recent work suggests that children raised in deprived early environments exhibit elevated amygdala response to facial emotion and a mature pattern of functional connectivity between the amygdala and mPFC during emotional-processing tasks (Gee et al., 2013; Tottenham et al., 2011).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gee et al., 2013
- Not checked yetcites Tottenham et al., 2011
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“attention biases to threat and overgeneral autobiographical memory biases have been linked to anxiety and depression, respectively, in numerous studies (Bar-Haim, Lamy, Bakermans-Kranenburgh, Pergamin, & Van Ijzendoorn, 2007; Williams et al., 2007)”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bar-Haim, Lamy, Bakermans-Kranenburgh, Pergamin, & Van Ijzendoorn, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Williams et al., 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“children raised in both institutional settings and low SES families exhibit deficits in expressive and receptive language (Albers et al., 1997; Hoff, 2003; Noble et al., 2007; Noble et al., 2005; Windsor et al., 2011) in addition to problems with executive functioning skills.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Albers et al., 1997
- Not checked yetcites Hoff, 2003
- Not checked yetcites Noble et al., 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“deficits in executive functioning and marked elevations in the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—which is characterized by executive functioning problems—are persistent over time even after placement into a stable family environment (Bos et al., 2009; Tibu et al., 2016; Zeanah et al., 2009).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bos et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Tibu et al., 2016
- Not checked yetcites Zeanah et al., 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A similar pattern of poor inhibitory control and altered lateral PFC recruitment during an inhibition task has also been observed in children raised in institutional settings (Mueller et al., 2010).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mueller et al., 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The lateral prefrontal cortex is one of the brain regions most centrally involved in executive functioning.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“They are also associated with elevated risk for the onset of substance use problems and other types of risky behavior (Crews & Boettiger, 2009; Patrick, Blair, & Maggs, 2008), including criminal behavior (Moffitt et al., 2011) and the likelihood of becoming incarcerated (Yechiam et al., 2008).”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Proximal Risk Factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Crews & Boettiger, 2009
- Not checked yetcites Patrick, Blair, & Maggs, 2008
- Not checked yetcites Moffitt et al., 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exposure to childhood adversity represents one of the most potent risk factors for the onset of psychopathology.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > CONCLUSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“their model argues that ongoing environmental context and neurobiological factors can moderate the impact of proximal risk factors on psychopathology by raising concerns or themes that are acted upon by proximal risk factors and by shaping responses to and altering the reinforcement value of particular types of stimuli.”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Moderators of Trajectories From Proximal Risk Factors to Psychopathology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Understanding developmental mechanisms and protective factors will make it possible to design interventions that prevent psychopathology after childhood adversity.
“Greater understanding of these pathways and identification of protective factors that buffer children from developmental disruptions following exposure to adversity is essential to guide the development of interventions to prevent the onset of psychopathology following adverse childhood experiences.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sensitive periods in emotional, social, cognitive, and neurobiological development exist and can be identified by studying the timing of adversity exposure.
“This concept points to a critical area for future research on childhood adversity involving the identification of sensitive periods of emotional, cognitive, social, and neurobiological development when inputs from the environment are particularly influential.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Childhood adversity is a coherent construct that can be defined and measured consistently enough to support cumulative research.
“The first concrete recommendation for future research is that the field must utilize a consistent definition of childhood adversity”
The paper relies on this without support.
The mechanisms by which child maltreatment or other adversity influence a generalized liability to psychopathology have not been specified.
“However, the mechanisms that explain how child maltreatment, or other forms of adversity, influence a generalized liability to psychopathology have not been specified.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Few attempts have been made to articulate a model explaining how childhood adversity leads to diverse mental disorders.
“To date, there have been few attempts to articulate a model explaining how childhood adversity leads to the diversity of mental disorders with which it is associated (i. e., multifinality).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Fine-grained measurement of threat and deprivation has often not been conducted within the same study.
“Fine-grained measurement of the dimensions of threat and deprivation has often not been conducted within the same study.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The mechanisms linking diverse forms of childhood adversity to reward responsiveness have not been clearly identified.
“Although the mechanisms underlying the link between diverse forms of childhood adversity and responsiveness to reward have yet to be clearly identified”
The paper relies on this without support.
Exposure to deprivation and threat is highly co-occurring in children.
“we do not propose that exposure to deprivation and threat occurs independently for children, as these experiences are highly co-occurring”
The paper relies on this without support.
The lateral prefrontal cortex is one of the brain regions most centrally involved in executive functioning.
“and is one of the brain regions most centrally involved in executive functioning.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Studies examining exposure to trauma seldom measure indices of deprivation, and studies of deprivation rarely assess or control for trauma exposure.
“Second, studies examining exposure to trauma seldom measure indicies of deprivation, nor do they adjust for deprivation exposure (just as studies of deprivation rarely assess or control for trauma exposure).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Children vary markedly in their sensitivity to environmental context.
“Children vary markedly in their sensitivity to environmental context.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“youth who experience trauma face particularly elevated risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders (SUDs), even when adjusting for co-occurring individual and family characteristics [7, 8].”
From Interventions for prevention and treatment of substance use in youth with traumatic childhood experiences: a systematic review and synthesis of the literature (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Individuals exposed to childhood adversity have increased risk of mood, anxiety, behavioral and substance abuse disorders which do not display specificity to the type of adversity (Kessler et al. 1997; McLaughlin 2016).”
From Childhood adversity, adult stress, and the risk of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder in US soldiers: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis (2017) · cites this paper as McLaughlin 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, the likelihood of these disorders increases with the number of adversities experienced (McLaughlin 2016).”
From Childhood adversity, adult stress, and the risk of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder in US soldiers: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis (2017) · cites this paper as McLaughlin 2016
In the citing paper
“evidence is accumulating that ELA influences mental health by altering the developing brain in ways that contribute to the onset of psychopathology,1,17,18”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
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Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > References
“Conway M Mendelson M Giannopoulos C Csank PAR Holm SL 2005”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > References
“Child Abuse and Neglect 2004 28 393 410”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > References
“Heleniak C Riese H Ormel J McLaughlin KA in press”
§ Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology > References
“Autonomic nervous system reactivity as a mechanism linking child trauma to adolescent psychopathology Manuscript under review”
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“Second, how is adversity different from toxic stress, a construct recently developed by Jack Shonkoff and colleagues (Shonkoff & Garner, 2012)?”
BackgroundA gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety
Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Poulton, R., Roberts, B. W., Ross, S., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010076108 · Cited by 4,885 · cited 3×
“Recent work suggests that executive functioning measured in early childhood predicts a wide range of outcomes in adulthood in the domains of health, SES, and criminal behavior, over and above the effects of IQ (Moffitt et al., 2011).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations
Kirkbride, J. B., Anglin, D. M., Colman, I., Dykxhoorn, J. L., Jones, P. B., Patalay, P., Pitman, A., Soneson, E., Steare, T., Wright, T., et al. (2024) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21160 · Cited by 1,619
“Experience of childhood adversity is unfortunately common 89,92,93 .”
BackgroundChildhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review
McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084950 · Cited by 892
“We use the term childhood adversity to refer to negative environmental experiences that are likely to require significant adaptation by an average child and that represent a deviation from the expectable environment (McLaughlin 2016).”
MethodSelf-citationMcLaughlin, K. A., Colich, N. L., Rodman, A. M., & Weissman, D. G. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01561-6 · Cited by 672
“, angry or fearful faces; social situations depicting people experiencing negative emotions) elicit greater emotional responses in children with trauma histories as compared to children who have never encountered trauma [31, 65].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSuglia, S. F., Koenen, K. C., Boynton-Jarrett, R., Chan, P. S., Clark, C. J., Danese, A., Faith, M. S., Goldstein, B. I., Hayman, L. L., Isasi, C. R., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000536 · Cited by 518
A hierarchical causal taxonomy of psychopathology across the life span.
Lahey, B. B., Krueger, R. F., Rathouz, P. J., Waldman, I. D., & Zald, D. H. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000069 · Cited by 443
“These findings are consistent with the results of many studies that suggest that child abuse and neglect are related nonspecifically to future psychopathology (McLaughlin, 2016).”
ResultA Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research
Conway, C. C., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Fried, E. I., Hallquist, M. N., Kotov, R., Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Shackman, A. J., Skodol, A. E., South, S. C., et al. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691618810696 · Cited by 426
“Yet it is clear that most stressors are nonspecific and confer increased risk for diverse psychopathologies (McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundExecutive Function and Psychopathology: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective
Zelazo, P. D. (2020) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072319-024242 · Cited by 529
“Experience also changes other aspects of brain structure, including the density of receptors for particular neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA) (e.g., McNab et al. 2009).”
BackgroundColich, N. L., Rosen, M. L., Williams, E. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2020) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000270 · Cited by 433
Self-citationLacey, R. E., & Minnis, H. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13135 · Cited by 476
Early-life adversity and cortisol response to social stress: a meta-analysis
Bunea, I. M., Szentágotai-Tătar, A., & Miu, A. C. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0032-3 · Cited by 392
“, history of institutionalization and adoption); (2) an assessment of the severity of early-life adversity; (3) no other task during saliva-sampling in addition to the social stress test; (4) social stress test scheduled in the afternoon (i.”
BackgroundEllis, B. J., Sheridan, M. A., Belsky, J., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421001838 · Cited by 406
“…interactions with caregivers – which is presumed to influence development through a different set of mechanisms than do environments characterized by threat (McLaughlin, 2016; McLaughlin & Sheridan, 2016; McLaughlin, Sheridan, & Lambert, 2014; McLaughlin et al., 2017; Sheridan & McLaughlin, 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSumner, J. A., Colich, N. L., Uddin, M., Armstrong, D., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.008 · Cited by 315
“These specific effects can be observed only in studies that assess multiple dimensions of ELA and examine their unique associations with developmental outcomes (37,76).”
Self-citationDunn, E. C., Soare, T. W., Zhu, Y., Simpkin, A. J., Suderman, M. J., Klengel, T., Smith, A. D. A. C., Ressler, K. J., & Relton, C. L. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.023 · Cited by 315
Bernard, D. L., Calhoun, C. D., Banks, D. E., Halliday, C. A., Halbert, C. H., & Danielson, C. K. (2020) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-020-00319-9 · Cited by 371
Sheridan, M. A., Peverill, M., Finn, A. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417001390 · Cited by 276
“In contrast, the high rates of psychopathology observed in children exposed to abuse and other forms of interpersonal violence are likely to be explained through alternate pathways, including atypical patterns of emotional processing (Kim & Cicchetti, 2010; McLaughlin, 2016).”
InfluentialSelf-citationDunn, E. C., Nishimi, K., Powers, A., & Bradley, B. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.004 · Cited by 275
“…between middle childhood versus adoles d Refers to a significant difference (p < 0.05) between middle childhood versus adulth are not well known (McLaughlin, 2016), early trauma exposuremay be more damaging than later trauma exposure because it compromises a child's ability to successfully…”
BackgroundInfluentialEarly life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms
Duffy, K. A., McLaughlin, K. A., & Green, P. A. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13928 · Cited by 237
“The three HRBs that we focus on are: (1) smoking cigarettes and nicotine dependence, (2) drinking alcohol heavily and alcohol use disorders, and (3) eating an energy-dense diet high in sugar and fat as well as excessive food consumption.”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntegrating mental health with other non-communicable diseases
Stein, D. J., Benjet, C., Gureje, O., Lund, C., Scott, K. M., Poznyak, V., & van Ommeren, M. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l295 · Cited by 245
Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis
Miu, A. C., Szentágotai-Tătar, A., Balázsi, R., Nechita, D., Bunea, I., & Pollak, S. D. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102141 · Cited by 233
“…association with both childhood adversity (for review see Dvir et al., 2014; Hoppen & Chalder, 2018; Jaffee, 2017; McCrory, De Brito, & Viding, 2012; McLaughlin, 2016), and psychopathology (Aldao, Gee, De Los Reyes, & Seager, 2016; Beauchaine & Cicchetti, 2019; Gross & Jazaieri, 2014; Kring, 2008).”
ResultRosen, M. L., Hagen, M. P., Lurie, L. A., Miles, Z. E., Sheridan, M. A., Meltzoff, A. N., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2019) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13315 · Cited by 251
“…are unknown, one possibility is that greater complexity of parent language may facilitate the development of inhibition in children by requiring them to suppress a response for a longer period of time during a conversation to wait for the speaker to complete their turn (McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe neurodevelopment of executive function skills: Implications for academic achievement gaps.
Zelazo, P. D., & Carlson, S. M. (2020) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/pne0000208 · Cited by 266
Machlin, L., Miller, A. B., Snyder, J., McLaughlin, K. A., & Sheridan, M. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00080 · Cited by 204
“Early-life adversity (ELA) impacts over half of the US population and is strongly associated with risk for psychopathology (Green et al., 2010; McLaughlin et al., 2012; McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMechanisms linking childhood adversity with psychopathology: Learning as an intervention target
McLaughlin, K. A., DeCross, S. N., Jovanović, T., & Tottenham, N. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.04.008 · Cited by 217
“by an average child and that represent a deviation from the expectable environment (McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationBevilacqua, L., Kelly, Y., Heilmann, A., Priest, N., & Lacey, R. E. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104890 · Cited by 183
“Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can be broadly defined as “those experiences which require significant adaptation by the developing child in terms of psychological, social and neurodevelopmental systems, and which are outside of the normal expected environment” (McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundZeanah, C. H., & Humphreys, K. L. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.007 · Cited by 190
Letourneau, N. L., Dewey, D., Kaplan, B. J., Ntanda, H. N., Novick, J., Thomas, J. C., Deane, A., Leung, B. M. Y., Pon, K. J., Giesbrecht, G. F., et al. (2018) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174418000648 · Cited by 168
VanTieghem, M., & Tottenham, N. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2016_42 · Cited by 184
“Given the evidence of multifinality following ELS, it is important to identify how protective factors influence neurobiological development to reduce risk for stress-related psychopathology [87, 88].”
BackgroundPromoting youth mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study
Rosen, M. L., Rodman, A. M., Kasparek, S. W., Mayes, M., Freeman, M. M., Lengua, L. J., Meltzoff, A. N., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255294 · Cited by 182
Self-citationRosen, M. L., Sheridan, M. A., Sambrook, K., Meltzoff, A. N., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.043 · Cited by 178
“These findings provide some support for theoretical models arguing that some forms of adversity characterized by environmental deprivation are associatedwith accelerated pruning of the cortex due to a lack of cognitive stimulation (McLaughlin et al., 2017; Sheridan and McLaughlin, 2014, 2016).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationModeling life course pathways from adverse childhood experiences to adult mental health
Jones, T. M., Nurius, P. S., Song, C., & Fleming, C. M. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.005 · Cited by 162
Dennison, M., Rosen, M. L., Sambrook, K., Jenness, J. L., Sheridan, M. A., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13011 · Cited by 163
“McLaughlin (2016) defines childhood adversity as an environmental event or series of events that are severe or prolonged and that “are likely to require significant adaptation by an average child and that represent a deviation from the expectable environment” (p. 4).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe effects of early life adversity on children’s mental health and cognitive functioning
Wade, M., Wright, L., & Finegold, K. E. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02001-0 · Cited by 184
“Deprivation and underlying mechanisms The DMAP suggests that early deprivation is primarily associated with alterations in cognitive functioning that are not observed as consistently among those exposed to threat [4].”
BackgroundInfluentialRodman, A. M., Jenness, J. L., Weissman, D. G., Pine, D. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.033 · Cited by 152
“Identifying mechanisms of resilience may reveal targets for preventative interventions designed to protect children following adversity (4).”
InfluentialSelf-citationSocioeconomic Status, Amygdala Volume, and Internalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents
Merz, E. C., Tottenham, N., & Noble, K. G. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1326122 · Cited by 144
“In general, children’s risk for these internalizing problems varies based on differences in temperament and environmental exposures, including poverty (Hostinar, Nusslock, & Miller, 2017; McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundChildhood adversities and depression in adulthood: Current findings and future directions.
Liu, R. T. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12190 · Cited by 160
“…childhood maltreatment, which includes experiences formally defined as traumas (e.g., physical and sexual abuse), as well as other significant events (e.g., emotional abuse and neglect; for a discussion of definitional and operationalization issues regarding this construct, see McLaughlin, 2016).”
Luby, J. L., Barch, D., Whalen, D., Tillman, R., & Belden, A. (2017) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.3009 · Cited by 134
“After this, numerous studies have begun to investigate the mechanisms by which early psychosocial adversity, defined as deprivation and/or threat, such as abuse, neglect, and poverty, becomes biologically embedded in the developing child, contributing to poor emotional and physical health outcomes.(5-12) Miller et al(…”
Olvera Alvarez, H. A., Kubzansky, L. D., Campen, M. J., & Slavich, G. M. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.002 · Cited by 133
“Notably, NF-κB signaling is central to the human inflammatory machinery and can also be activated by toll-like receptor ligands of LPS (some of which can be attached to PM), hypoxic condition, and TNF-α.”
InfluentialRakesh, D., Whittle, S., Sheridan, M. A., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2023) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2023.03.011 · Cited by 135
“that are either chronic and/or severe and likely to require meaningful adaptation by an average child [129].”
BackgroundSelf-citationFord, J. D., & Delker, B. C. (2018) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2018.1440479 · Cited by 131
“, 2012) must be empirically identified scientifically and clinically in order to characterize the impact of early childhood adversity on the emergence and consolidation of two key domains of biopsychosocial competence: affect regulation and executive functions (Ford, 2005; McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundMarusak, H. A., Iadipaolo, A. S., Harper, F. W. K., Elrahal, F., Taub, J. W., Goldberg, E., & Rabinak, C. A. (2017) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-017-9365-1 · Cited by 128
“Early threat exposure, a form of childhood adversity, defined as an experience that is likely to require significant psychological or neurobiological adaptation by the average child and that represent a deviation from the expectable environment (McLaughlin 2016), has been shown to strongly imprint on brain development…”
BackgroundInfluentialChildhood Maltreatment and Impulsivity: A Meta-Analysis and Recommendations for Future Study
Liu, R. T. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0445-3 · Cited by 123
“though the negative sequelae of childhood maltreatment are well established, the underlying processes of risk remain comparably unclear (Liu 2017; McLaughlin 2016).”
BackgroundGroth, N., Schnyder, N., Kaess, M., Markovic, A., Rietschel, L., Moser, S., Michel, C., Schultze‐Lutter, F., & Schmidt, S. J. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103442 · Cited by 107
Schäfer, J., McLaughlin, K. A., Manfro, G. G., Pan, P. M., Rohde, L. A., Miguel, E. C., Simioni, A., Hoffmann, M. S., & Salum, G. A. (2022) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13267 · Cited by 121
“…and deprivation at baseline as concurrent predictors and general, internalizing and externalizing psychopathology at follow up as concurrent outcomes, and EFs andattentionorienting towardangry faces (McLaughlin, 2016) at baseline and (Costello et al., 2002) at follow-up as concurrent mediators.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationLogan‐Greene, P., Tennyson, R. L., Nurius, P. S., & Borja, S. G. (2017) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-017-9413-2 · Cited by 109
“These scales are designed to distinguish between adversities that carry clear threat of harm (maltreatment) with those that more reflect dimensions of deprivation (family dysfunction reflecting variables that are likely to compromise healthy and sufficient parenting; social disadvantage reflecting poverty) (McLaughlin…”
BackgroundTrastornos psiquiátricos en los niños y adolescentes en tiempo de la pandemia por COVID-19
Palacio-Ortíz, J. D., Londoño-Herrera, J. P., Márquez, A. N., Robledo-Rengifo, P., & Quintero-Cadavid, C. P. (2020) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría · doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.05.006 · Cited by 148
ACEs and mental health outcomes
Sheffler, J., Stanley, I. H., & Sachs‐Ericsson, N. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816065-7.00004-5 · Cited by 138
Rakesh, D., Lee, P. A., Gaikwad, A., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.14082 · Cited by 165
“Stressors reflect environmental experiences that are likely to require adaptation and overwhelm the coping resources of an average child (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; McLaughlin, 2016; Monroe, 2008).”
Self-citationBarzilay, R., Calkins, M. E., Moore, T. M., Wolf, D. H., Satterthwaite, T. D., Scott, J. C., Jones, J. D., Benton, T. D., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000880 · Cited by 92
“Therefore, there is a need for studies conducted in youths ascertained through non-psychiatric services, which integrates data collected from typical and atypical development at young ages (McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundBandoli, G., Campbell-Sills, L., Kessler, R. C., Heeringa, S. G., Nock, M. K., Rosellini, A. J., Sampson, N. A., Schoenbaum, M., Ursano, R. J., & Stein, M. B. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001064 · Cited by 97
“Additionally, the likelihood of these disorders increases with the number of adversities experienced (McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundAccumulation, Timing, and Duration of Early Childhood Adversity and Behavior Problems at Age 9
Schroeder, A., Slopen, N. B., & Mittal, M. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1496440 · Cited by 100
“Although such studies offer evidence of a dose-response relationship between exposure to ACEs in early childhood and subsequent behavior problems, a notable limitation is that few of them have collected or reported on repeated measures of ACEs during early childhood (Evans et al., 2013; McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundRowland, A. S., SKIPPER, B. J., Rabiner, D. L., Qeadan, F., Campbell, R. A., Naftel, A. J., & Umbach, D. M. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12775 · Cited by 98
Zhang, X., & Monnat, S. M. (2021) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100997 · Cited by 92
“…in brain structure and development resulting from “exaggerated, frequent, and/or prolonged activation of the physiological stress response system” (McLaughlin, 2016, p. 6) and “repeated wear and tear on the body’s physiological and psychological mechanisms [that] render the system unable to…”
BackgroundHostinar, C. E., Nusslock, R., & Miller, G. E. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1266647 · Cited by 90
“…overview of the literature (for recent reviews on early-life stress and the development of psychopathology, see Humphreys & Zeanah, 2014; McLaughlin, 2016; Teicher & Samson, 2013; on early-life stress and brain development, see Fareri & Tottenham, 2016; Gee & Casey, 2015; McLaughlin,…”
BackgroundWu, C.-T., Pontifex, M. B., Raine, L. B., Chaddock, L., Voss, M. W., Kramer, A. F., & Hillman, C. H. (2011) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0022167 · Cited by 97
Bielas, H., Barra, S., Skrivanek, C., Aebi, M., Steinhausen, H.-C., Bessler, C., & Plattner, B. (2016) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-016-0122-7 · Cited by 87
“A recent theory addressed the role of emotion regulation in the associations of early threatening and neglectful experiences with various psychiatric disorders [20].”
BackgroundKalia, V., & Knauft, K. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235412 · Cited by 86
“Although the exact definition of ELA continues to be debated [51], and different types of ELA (e.”
BackgroundEarly life adversity as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Huang, Z., Jordan, J. D., & Zhang, Q. (2023) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-023-00355-z · Cited by 98
Panagou, C., & MacBeth, A. M. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2732 · Cited by 102
“The lack of clarity in the way ‘ adversity ’ is defined remains an important gap in the literature, spur-ring attempts to generate greater consistency in the operationalization of the term (McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundHenry, L. M., Gracey, K. A., Shaffer, A. M., Ebert, J. S., Kuhn, T. M., Watson, K. H., Gruhn, M. A., Vreeland, A., Siciliano, R. E., Dickey, L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000644 · Cited by 89
“As described in the Discussion of Study 1, caregiver substance abuse and mental illness may also be better characterized as contexts that put youth at risk for the occurrence of ACEs, rather than ACEs themselves (see McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialFamily Science in the Context of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Solutions and New Directions
Brock, R. L., & Laifer, L. M. (2020) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12582 · Cited by 79
“…to adversity and stress is a robust predictor of mental health difficulties across the lifespan (e.g., Benjet et al., 2010; Juster et al., 2011; McLaughlin, 2016), and research examining causal pathways of risk and modifiable factors that interrupt those pathways (e.g., high-quality support,…”
BackgroundGotlib, I. H., Borchers, L. R., Chahal, R., Gifuni, A. J., Teresi, G. I., & Ho, T. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603748 · Cited by 80
“Keywords: early life stress, COVID-19, adolescence, depression, perceived stress INTRODUCTION A growing body of research is documenting the adverse consequences of exposure to early life stress (ELS) for mental health across the lifespan (McLaughlin, 2016; LeMoult et al., 2019b).”
BackgroundAssociations between childhood adversities and late-life cognitive function: Potential mechanisms
Ding, R., & He, P. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114478 · Cited by 76
Brieant, A. E., Sisk, L. M., & Gee, D. G. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101022 · Cited by 69
“than half of individuals experiencing at least one adverse event prior to age 18 (McLaughlin, 2016; Merrick, Ford, Ports, & Guinn, 2018).”
Colich, N. L., Platt, J. M., Keyes, K. M., Sumner, J. A., Allen, N. B., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719000953 · Cited by 72
“Introduction Early life adversity (ELA) refers to a broad set of negative experiences in childhood that are likely to require psychological or neurobiological adaptation and that represent a deviation from the expected early environment (McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBarch, D. M., Belden, A. C., Tillman, R., Whalen, D. J., & Luby, J. L. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.12.011 · Cited by 73
“,(2) but adding exposure to poverty as an additional adversity building on the extant more recent neuroscience literature.(16,45) This variable included: 1) a score of 1 if living below the poverty line based on income-to-needs at time-points T1, T2, and/or T3 (see Figure S1, available online); 2) sum of nonredundant…”
BackgroundMcLaughlin, K. A., Basu, A., Walsh, K., Slopen, N., Sumner, J. A., Koenen, K. C., & Keyes, K. M. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000366 · Cited by 67
Self-citationHeleniak, C. M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000725 · Cited by 75
“…is defined as “exposure during childhood or adolescence to environmental circumstances that are likely to require significant psychological, social, or neurobiological adaptation by an average child and that represent a deviation from the expectable environment” (McLaughlin, 2016, p. 363).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIob, E., Lacey, R. E., & Steptoe, A. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.045 · Cited by 70
“The selection of these ACE items was informed by the ACEs definition presented in the Introduction (McLaughlin, 2016), and by recent studies in this field which have considered a wider range of adversities compared with the first major ACE investigations to provide a more comprehensive assessment of this construct.”
BackgroundMethodViolence Exposure and Mental Health Among Resettled Refugees: A Systematic Review
Scoglio, A. A. J., & Salhi, C. (2020) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020915584 · Cited by 73
“Violence and Mental Health Research on acute and chronic violence exposure has highlighted the ways in which it has biological effects distinct from other types of stress that may lead to multiple types of mental health outcomes (i.e., multifinality; McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundWu, J., Guo, Z., Gao, X., & Kou, Y. (2020) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.09.001 · Cited by 69
The positive and negative aspects of parentification: An integrated review
Masiran, R., Ibrahim, N., Awang, H., & Lim, P. Y. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106709 · Cited by 66
Childhood adversity, mental health, and oxidative stress: A pilot study
Horn, S. R. G.-V., Leve, L. D., Levitt, P. R., & Fisher, P. A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215085 · Cited by 64
What is the expected human childhood? Insights from evolutionary anthropology
Frankenhuis, W. E., & Amir, D. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421001401 · Cited by 75
“Assuming generalization from WEIRD populations to all populations may also lead to arguably incorrect conclusions, for instance, that complex language input is necessarily required for the development of executive function skills (McLaughlin, 2016).”
InfluentialPrevention of mental disorders requires action on adverse childhood experiences
Jorm, A. F., & Mulder, R. T. (2018) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867418761581 · Cited by 62
“These have been defined as ‘experiences that are likely to require significant adaptation by an average child and that represent a deviation from the expectable environment’ (McLaughlin, 2016: 362).”
BackgroundThe neglect–enrichment continuum: Characterizing variation in early caregiving environments
King, L. S., Humphreys, K. L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2019) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2019.01.001 · Cited by 58
“In addition to the well-known cumulative risk approach (Evans, Li, & Whipple, 2013), which considers the frequency or chronicity of exposure, researchers are beginning to conceptualize adversity based on both type and severity of exposure (e.g., McLaughlin, 2016; Zeanah & Sonuga-Barke, 2016).”
BackgroundPatterns of adversity and pathways to health among White, Black, and Latinx youth.
Liu, S. R., Kia-Keating, M., & Nylund-Gibson, K. (2018) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.007 · Cited by 57
Sigrist, C., Mürner-Lavanchy, I. M., Peschel, S. K. V., Schmidt, S. J., Kaess, M., & Koenig, J. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.026 · Cited by 68
Transdiagnostic pathways from early social stress to psychopathology: a 20‐year prospective study
Conway, C. C., Raposa, E. B., Hammen, C., & Brennan, P. A. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12862 · Cited by 60
“We evaluated a common factor model based on evidence from prior studies that these adverse circumstances tend to co-occur at above-chance levels (e.g. Dong et al., 2004; McLaughlin, 2016).”
Zhao, Y., Han, L., Teopiz, K. M., McIntyre, R. S., Ma, R., & Cao, B. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104663 · Cited by 63
Simon, L., & Admon, R. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01638-9 · Cited by 61
Lian, J., Kiely, K. M., & Anstey, K. J. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105486 · Cited by 62
van Harmelen, A., Blakemore, S., Goodyer, I. M., & Kievit, R. (2020) · Adversity and Resilience Science · doi:10.1007/s42844-020-00027-1 · Cited by 73
“CA comprises negative experiences in early life such as trauma, abuse, neglect and/or bullying (McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundPsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Palacio-Ortíz, J. D., Londoño-Herrera, J. P., Márquez, A. N., Robledo-Rengifo, P., & Quintero-Cadavid, C. P. (2020) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.11.003 · Cited by 60
“Families lready exposed to intrafamily violence will continue to have latent risk, and the more financial difficulties the abusers ave and the longer the lockdown lasts, the more possibili2 0;4 9(4):279–288 281”
Child abuse and automatic emotion regulation in children and adolescents
Kim, S. G., Weissman, D. G., Sheridan, M. A., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421000663 · Cited by 81
“…abuse (Received 11 February 2021; revised 13 May 2021; accepted 27 May 2021) Child abuse is a powerful risk factor for child and adolescent psychopathology (Greger, Myhre, Lydersen, & Jozefiak, 2015; McLaughlin, 2016; McLaughlin et al., 2012; McLaughlin & Lambert, 2017; Mills et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKelifa, M. O., Yang, Y., Herbert, C., He, Q., & Wang, P. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104480 · Cited by 59
Yu, W., Zhu, F., Foo, M., & Wiklund, J. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.06.035 · Cited by 66
Kalia, V., Knauft, K. M., & Hayatbini, N. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243881 · Cited by 58
“Although the exact definition of child adversity is debated [47], one way to capture an individual’s exposure to early life adversity is through the Adverse Childhood Experiences scale (ACEs) [46].”
BackgroundValidation of the Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for ACEs
Choi, K. R., McCreary, M. P., Ford, J. D., Koushkaki, S. R., Kenan, K. N., & Zima, B. T. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2546 · Cited by 54
Childhood adversity and impaired reward processing: A meta-analysis
Oltean, L.-E., Șoflău, R., Miu, A. C., & Szentágotai-Tătar, A. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105596 · Cited by 50
Vervoort-Schel, J., Mercera, G., Wissink, I. B., Mink, E., van der Helm, P., Lindauer, R., & Moonen, X. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15102136 · Cited by 53
“), but also in many low-, middle- and high income countries all over the world [6,7,48].”
BackgroundInfluentialGrummitt, L., Kelly, E., Barrett, E., Keyes, K., & Newton, N. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252815 · Cited by 51
“Despite some variation in definitions, childhood adversity is viewed as encompassing significant threat or deprivation (see [5]), stemming from ten adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) that include physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, physical or emotional neglect, parent mental illness, household substance use, hous…”
BackgroundKirtley, O. J., Achterhof, R., Hagemann, N., Hermans, K. S. F. M., Hiekkaranta, A. P., Lecei, A., Boets, B., Henquet, C., Kasanova, Z., Schneider, M., et al. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jp2fk · Cited by 52
McNeilly, E. A., Peverill, M., Jung, J., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2021) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.04.010 · Cited by 60
“EF is a potential developmental mechanism, given that it is consistently associated with both SES and psychopathology in children and adolescents (Blair & Raver, 2016; Lawson, Hook, & Farah, 2018; McLaughlin, 2016; Zelazo & Mller, 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRoubinov, D. S., Luecken, L. J., Curci, S. G., Somers, J. A., & Winstone, L. K. (2021) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000762 · Cited by 46
Ju, I., & Lou, C. (2022) · Journal of Interactive Advertising · doi:10.1080/15252019.2022.2087809 · Cited by 55
“Source credibility has also been adopted in social media–related studies to measure message effectiveness (e.g., Djafarova and Rushworth 2017; L opez and Sicilia 2014; McLaughlin 2016).”
BackgroundMcLaughlin, K. A., & Gabard-Durnam, L. J. (2022) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000598 · Cited by 48
Self-citationBush, N. R., Lane, R. D., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000421 · Cited by 44
“Atypical patterns of emotional processing are a key mechanism linking early-life adversity with psychopathology (20) but have been investigated less frequently in relation to physical health outcomes.”
BackgroundSelf-citationChildhood adversity and vagal regulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wesarg, C., van den Akker, A. L., Oei, N. Y. L., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Staaks, J. P. C., Thayer, J. F., Williams, D. P., & Hoeve, M. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104920 · Cited by 54
“Childhood adversity, including exposure to abuse, neglect, poverty, and neighborhood violence, is among the most robust risk factors for the development of chronic health problems and psychopathology (Carr et al., 2013; Hughes et al., 2017; McLaughlin, 2016; Nemeroff, 2016; Oh et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialJackisch, J., Brännström, L., & Almquist, Y. B. (2019) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100506 · Cited by 42
“The concept of childhood adversity lacks a consistent definition (Mclaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundFritz, J., Stochl, J., Fried, E. I., Goodyer, I. M., van Borkulo, C. D., Wilkinson, P. O., & van Harmelen, A.-L. (2019) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1430-6 · Cited by 40
Metadata
- Authors
- McLaughlin, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- McLaughlin, Katie A.
- ORCID
- McLaughlin, Katie A.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-02-05
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 361-382
- ISSN
- 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-4424
- PMC
- PMC4837019
- OpenAlex
- W2306162641
- Semantic Scholar
- 3aefdf34a89c1be16735c58fd3be649eda3cef3d
- Cited by
- 576
- References
- 245
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 43.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (K01-MH092526, R01-MH103291)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, adverse childhood experiences, youth psychopathology, developmental mechanisms, protective factors, multifinality, transdiagnostic model, emotional processing, executive function, prevention interventions, developmental trajectories
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Development, Emotions, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Health, Psychopathology, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological
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