Early Experiences of Threat, but Not Deprivation, Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging in Children and Adolescents
Open accessAbstract
Background Recent conceptual models argue that early life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, which may contribute to poor mental and physical health outcomes. Evidence for accelerated development in youths comes from studies of telomere shortening or advanced pubertal development following circumscribed ELA experiences and neuroimaging studies of circuits involved in emotional processing. It is unclear whether all ELA is associated with accelerated development across global metrics of biological aging or whether this pattern emerges following specific adversity types. Methods In 247 children and adolescents 8 to 16 years of age with wide variability in ELA exposure, we evaluated the hypothesis that early environments characterized by threat, but not deprivation, would be associated with accelerated development across two global biological aging metrics: DNA methylation (DNAm) age and pubertal stage relative to chronological age. We also examined whether accelerated development explained associations of ELA with depressive symptoms and externalizing problems. Results Exposure to threat-related ELA (e.g., violence) was associated with accelerated DNAm age and advanced pubertal stage, but exposure to deprivation (e.g., neglect, food insecurity) was not. In models including both ELA types, threat-related ELA was uniquely associated with accelerated DNAm age (β = .18) and advanced pubertal stage (β = .28), whereas deprivation was uniquely associated with delayed pubertal stage (β = -.21). Older DNAm age was related to greater depressive symptoms, and a significant indirect effect of threat exposure on depressive symptoms was observed through DNAm age. Conclusions Early threat-related experiences are particularly associated with accelerated biological aging in youths, which may be a mechanism linking ELA with depressive symptoms.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Different forms of childhood trauma, abuse versus neglect, can have differential biological and neurofunctional impacts.
“different forms of CT, abuse versus neglect, can have differential biological and neurofunctional impacts (29–32)”
From Impact of Childhood Trauma on Executive Function in Adolescence—Mediating Functional Brain Networks and Prediction of High-Risk Drinking (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8 · Cited by 18,943 · see citing works
DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types
Horvath, S. (2013) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115 · Cited by 7,075 · see citing works
Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls
Marshall, W. A., & Tanner, J. M. (1969) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.44.235.291 · Cited by 5,963 · see citing works
Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys
Marshall, W. A., & Tanner, J. M. (1970) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.45.239.13 · Cited by 5,147 · see citing works
DNA methylation arrays as surrogate measures of cell mixture distribution
Houseman, E. A., Accomando, W. P., Koestler, D. C., Christensen, B. C., Marsit, C. J., Nelson, H. H., Wiencke, J. K., & Kelsey, K. T. (2012) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-13-86 · Cited by 3,175 · see citing works
Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: review of the evidence
Hardt, J., & Rutter, M. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x · Cited by 2,827 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Second, we used retrospective reporting (both self-reports and caregiver reports) of ELA, which has established limitations (82).”
Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alhamzawi, A. O., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., et al. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499 · Cited by 2,640 · see citing works
Self-citationBelsky, J., Steinberg, L. D., & Draper, P. (1991) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01558.x · Cited by 2,532 · see citing works
BOYCE, W. T., & ELLIS, B. J. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050145 · Cited by 2,078 · see citing works
Ellis (2009) · doi:10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7 · Cited by 1,592 · see citing works
McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., & Lambert, H. K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
Self-citationAdverse childhood experiences and the risk of premature mortality
Brown, D. W., Anda, R. F., Tiemeier, H., Felitti, V. J., Edwards, V. J., Croft, J. B., & Giles, W. H. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.06.021 · Cited by 1,369 · see citing works
DNA methylation age of blood predicts all-cause mortality in later life
Marioni, R. E., Shah, S., McRae, A. F., Chen, B. H., Colicino, E., Harris, S. E., Gibson, J., Henders, A. K., Redmond, P., Cox, S. R., et al. (2015) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0584-6 · Cited by 1,261 · see citing works
DNA methylation-based measures of biological age: meta-analysis predicting time to death
Chen, B. H., Marioni, R. E., Colicino, E., Peters, M. J., Ward-Caviness, C. K., Tsai, P.-C., Roetker, N. S., Just, A. C., Demerath, E. W., Guan, W., et al. (2016) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101020 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
Timing of pubertal maturation in girls: an integrated life history approach
Ellis, B. J. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Quantification of biological aging in young adults
Belsky, D. W., Caspi, A., Houts, R., Cohen, H. J., Corcoran, D. L., Danese, A., Harrington, H., Israel, S., Levine, M. E., Schaefer, J. D., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1506264112 · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
McLaughlin, K. A., Greif Green, J., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2277 · Cited by 992 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Given the high co-occurrence of ELA types (1,2,77), studies examining single exposure types without considering a range of co-occurring adversities may”
Self-citationValidation of a self-administered instrument to assess stage of adolescent development
Morris, N. M., & Udry, J. R. (1980) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf02088471 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Early developmental emergence of human amygdala–prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation
Gee, D. G., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Flannery, J., Goff, B., Humphreys, K. L., Telzer, E. H., Hare, T. A., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Tottenham, N. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1307893110 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Obesity accelerates epigenetic aging of human liver
Horvath, S., Erhart, W., Brosch, M., Ammerpohl, O., Schönfels, W. V., Ahrens, M., Heits, N., Bell, J. T., Tsai, P.-C., Spector, T. D., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1412759111 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease
Horvath, S., Gurven, M., Levine, M. E., Trumble, B. C., Kaplan, H. S., Allayee, H., Ritz, B. R., Chen, B. H., Lu, A. T.-H., Rickabaugh, T. M., et al. (2016) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1030-0 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Dimensions of early experience and neural development: deprivation and threat
Sheridan, M. A., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.09.001 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Self-citationState of the Art Review: Poverty and the Developing Brain
Johnson, S. B., Riis, J. L., & Noble, K. G. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3075 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Pubertal Development: Correspondence Between Hormonal and Physical Development
Shirtcliff, E. A., Dahl, R. E., & Pollak, S. D. (2009) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01263.x · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Is psychopathology associated with the timing of pubertal development?
GRABER, J. A., LEWINSOHN, P. M., SEELEY, J. R., & BROOKS-GUNN, J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199712000-00026 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
The stress acceleration hypothesis: effects of early-life adversity on emotion circuits and behavior
Callaghan, B. L., & Tottenham, N. (2016) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.018 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology
McLaughlin, K. A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1110823 · Cited by 576 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These specific effects can be observed only in studies that assess multiple dimensions of ELA and examine their unique associations with developmental outcomes (37,76).”
Self-citationPerna, L., Zhang, Y., Mons, U., Holleczek, B., Saum, K.-U., & Brenner, H. (2016) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0228-z · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Marioni, R. E., Shah, S. H., McRae, A. F., Ritchie, S. J., Terrera, G. M., Harris, S. E., Gibson, J., Redmond, P. H., Cox, S. R., Pattie, A., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyu277 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Suglia, S. F., Koenen, K. C., Boynton-Jarrett, R., Chan, P. S., Clark, C. J., Danese, A., Faith, M. S., Goldstein, B. I., Hayman, L. L., Isasi, C. R., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000536 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Self-citationShalev, I., Moffitt, T. E., Sugden, K., Williams, B., Houts, R. M., Danese, A., Mill, J., Arseneault, L., & Caspi, A. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.32 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Anderson, S. E., Dallal, G. E., & Must, A. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.4.844 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Zannas, A. S., Arloth, J., Carrillo-Roa, T., Iurato, S., Röh, S., Ressler, K. J., Nemeroff, C. B., Smith, A. K., Bradley, B., Heim, C., et al. (2015) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0828-5 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Levine, M. E., Lu, A. T., Bennett, D. A., & Horvath, S. (2015) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100864 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Belsky, D. W., Moffitt, T. E., Cohen, A. A., Corcoran, D. L., Levine, M. E., Prinz, J. A., Schaefer, J. D., Sugden, K., Williams, B. S., Poulton, R., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwx346 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Is Pubertal Timing Associated With Psychopathology in Young Adulthood?
Graber, J. A., Seeley, J. R., Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000120022.14101.11 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Marceau, K., Ram, N., Houts, R. M., Grimm, K. J., & Susman, E. J. (2011) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023838 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Early stress predicts age at menarche and first birth, adult attachment, and expected lifespan
Chisholm, J. S., Quinlivan, J. A., Petersen, R. W., & Coall, D. A. (2005) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-005-1009-0 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Smith, A. K., Kilaru, V., Klengel, T., Mercer, K. B., Bradley, B., Conneely, K. N., Ressler, K. J., & Binder, E. B. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32278 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
The evolution of predictive adaptive responses in human life history
Nettle, D., Frankenhuis, W. E., & Rickard, I. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1343 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Telomere length and early severe social deprivation: linking early adversity and cellular aging
Drury, S. S., Theall, K., Gleason, M. M., Smyke, A. T., De Vivo, I., Wong, J. Y. Y., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.53 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Chen, W. J., Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Tsuang, M. T. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.5.1017 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Beyond allostatic load: Rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development
Ellis, B. J., & Del Giudice, M. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000849 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
The measurement of puberty: a review
Coleman, L., & COLEMAN, J. (2002) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.2002.0494 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Family Rearing Antecedents of Pubertal Timing
Belsky, J., Steinberg, L. D., Houts, R., Friedman, S. L., DeHart, G. B., Cauffman, E. E., Roisman, G. I., Halpern‐Felsher, B. L., & Susman, E. J. (2007) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01067.x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Sheridan, M. A., Peverill, M., Finn, A. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417001390 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly life adversity and telomere length: a meta-analysis
Ridout, K. K., Levandowski, M., Ridout, S. J., Gantz, L., Goonan, K., Palermo, D., Price, L. H., & Tyrka, A. R. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.26 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Outcomes of early pubertal timing in young women: a prospective population-based study
Copeland, W., Shanahan, L., Miller, S., Costello, E. J., Angold, A., & Maughan, B. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09081190 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Lambert, H. K., King, K. M., Monahan, K. C., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000584 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationKoestler, D. C., Christensen, B. C., Karagas, M. R., Marsit, C. J., Langevin, S. M., Kelsey, K. T., Wiencke, J. K., & Houseman, E. A. (2013) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.25430 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Traumatic stress and accelerated DNA methylation age: a meta-analysis
Wolf, E. J., Maniates, H., Nugent, N., Maihofer, A. X., Armstrong, D., Ratanatharathorn, A., Ashley-Koch, A. E., Garrett, M., Kimbrel, N. A., Lori, A., et al. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.007 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationDeviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology
Humphreys, K. L., & Zeanah, C. H. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.165 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Seligman, L. D., Ollendick, T. H., Langley, A. K., & Baldacci, H. B. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3303_13 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Physical and Sexual Abuse in Childhood as Predictors of Early-Onset Cardiovascular Events in Women
Rich-Edwards, J. W., Mason, S. M., Rexrode, K. M., Spiegelman, D. L., Hibert, E. N. L., Kawachi, I. I., Jun, H. J., & Wright, R. J. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.076877 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Exposure to Violence Accelerates Epigenetic Aging in Children
Jovanović, T., Vance, L. A., Cross, D., Knight, A. K., Kilaru, V., Michopoulos, V., Klengel, T., & Smith, A. K. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09235-9 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Brody, G. H., Yu, T., Chen, E., Beach, S. R. H., & Miller, G. E. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12495 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Rosen, M. L., Sheridan, M. A., Sambrook, K., Meltzoff, A. N., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.043 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationDennison, M., Rosen, M. L., Sambrook, K., Jenness, J. L., Sheridan, M. A., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13011 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationRickard, I. J., Frankenhuis, W. E., & Nettle, D. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691613513467 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Childhood Abuse and Age at Menarche
Boynton‐Jarrett, R., Wright, R. J., Putnam, F. W., Hibert, E. N. L., Michels, K. B., Forman, M. R., & Rich-Edwards, J. W. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.06.006 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The Association of Telomere Length With Family Violence and Disruption
Drury, S. S., Mabile, E., Brett, Z. H., Esteves, K. C., Jones, E., Shirtcliff, E. A., & Theall, K. P. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3415 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Silvers, J. A., Lumian, D. S., Gabard-Durnam, L., Gee, D. G., Goff, B., Fareri, D. S., Caldera, C., Flannery, J., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0038-16.2016 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Logue, M. W., Smith, A. K., Wolf, E. J., Maniates, H., Stone, A., Schichman, S. A., McGlinchey, R. E., Milberg, W., & Miller, M. W. (2017) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2017-0078 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Gassen, N. C., Chrousos, G. P., Binder, E. B., & Zannas, A. S. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.003 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Deardorff, J., Ekwaru, J. P., Kushi, L. H., Ellis, B. J., Greenspan, L. C., Mirabedi, A. S., Landaverde, E. G., & Hiatt, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.032 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Mendle, J., Leve, L. D., Ryzin, M. J. V., Natsuaki, M. N., & Ge, X. (2011) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2011.00746.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Early Timing of Puberty
Noll, J. G., Trickett, P. K., Long, J. D., Negriff, S. L., Susman, E. J., Shalev, I., Li, J. C., & Putnam, F. W. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.09.008 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Stress-related telomere length in children: a systematic review
Coimbra, B. M., Carvalho, C. M., Moretti, P. N., Mello, M. F., & Belangero, S. I. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.023 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Lawson, G. M., Camins, J. S., Wisse, L. E. M., Wu, J., Duda, J., Cook, P. A., Gee, J. C., & Farah, M. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175690 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Davis, E., Humphreys, K. L., McEwen, L. M., Sacchet, M. D., Camacho, M. C., MacIsaac, J. L., Lin, D., Kobor, M. S., & Gotlib, I. H. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.188 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
A prospective study of childhood social hardships and age at menarche
Boynton‐Jarrett, R., & Harville, E. W. (2012) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.08.005 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Everaerd, D., Klumpers, F., Zwiers, M. P., Guadalupe, T. M., Franke, B., van Oostrom, I., Schene, A. H., Fernández, G., & Tendolkar, I. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.344 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Belsky, J., & Shalev, I. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000900 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Belachew, T., Hadley, C., Lindstrom, D., Getachew, Y., Duchateau, L., & Kolsteren, P. W. (2011) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-9-125 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Humphreys, K. L., Esteves, K., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., Nelson, C. A., & Drury, S. S. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.023 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Johnson, D. E., Tang, A., Almas, A. N., Degnan, K. A., McLaughlin, K. A., Nelson, C. A., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Drury, S. S. (2018) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.027 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly Childhood Maltreatment and Pubertal Development: Replication in a Population‐Based Sample
Mendle, J., Ryan, R. M., & McKone, K. M. P. (2015) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12201 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Platt, J. M., Colich, N. L., McLaughlin, K. A., Gary, D. S., & Keyes, K. M. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.010 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- [1]Green JG, McLaughlin KA, Berglund PA, Gruber MJ, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler RC (2010): Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67: 113– 123. 20124111 PMC2822662
- [31]Brody GH, Miller GE, Yu T, Beach SR, Chen E (2016): Supportive family environments ameliorate the link between racial discrimination and epigenetic aging: a replication across two longitudinal cohorts. Psychol Sci 27: 530– 541. 26917213 PMC4833531
- [33]Negriff S, Susman EJ (2011): Pubertal timing, depression, and externalizing problems: a framework, review, and examination of gender differences. J Res Adolesc 21: 717– 746.
- [37]McLaughlin KA, Sheridan MA (2016): Beyond cumulative risk: a dimensional approach to childhood adversity. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 25: 239– 245. 27773969 PMC5070918
- [55]Reynolds WM (1994): Assessment of depression in children and adolescents by self- report measures In: Reynolds WM, Johnston HF, editors. Handbook of Depression in Children and Ddolescents New York, NY: Plenum Press, pp 209– 234.
- [65]Hayes AF (2017): Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-based Approach, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- [71]Gee DG, Gabard-Durnam LJ, Flannery J, Goff B, Humphreys KL, Telzer EH, (2013): Early developmental emergence of human amygdala–prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110: 15638– 15643. 24019460 PMC3785723
- [84]Dorn LD, Biro FM (2011): Puberty and its measurement: a decade in review. J Res Adolesc 21: 180– 195.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review
McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084950 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Self-citationEnvironmental influences on the pace of brain development
Tooley, U. A., Bassett, D. S., & Mackey, A. P. (2021) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00457-5 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Colich, N. L., Rosen, M. L., Williams, E. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2020) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000270 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Self-citationGur, R. E., Moore, T. M., Rosen, A. F. G., Barzilay, R., Roalf, D. R., Calkins, M. E., Ruparel, K., Scott, J. C., Almasy, L., Satterthwaite, T. D., et al. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0943 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Gee, D. G. (2021) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21090944 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Do Sensitive Periods Exist for Exposure to Adversity?
Gabard-Durnam, L. J., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.975 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationSilveira, S., Shah, R., Nooner, K. B., Nagel, B. J., Tapert, S. F., de Bellis, M. D., & Mishra, J. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.011 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Colich, N. L., Platt, J. M., Keyes, K. M., Sumner, J. A., Allen, N. B., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719000953 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationMulligan, C. J., Quinn, E. B., Hamadmad, D., Dutton, C. L., Nevell, L., Binder, A. M., Panter-Brick, C., & Dajani, R. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89818-z · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Suglia, S. F., Appleton, A. A., Bleil, M. E., Campo, R. A., Dube, S. R., Fagundes, C. P., Heard-Garris, N. J., Johnson, S. B., Slopen, N., Stoney, C. M., et al. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106736 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mian, O., Belsky, D. W., Cohen, A. A., Anderson, L. N., Gonzalez, A., Ma, J., Sloboda, D. M., Bowdish, D. M., & Verschoor, C. P. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105821 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Slopen, N., Tang, A., Nelson, C. A., Zeanah, C. H., McDade, T. W., McLaughlin, K. A., & Fox, N. A. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000696 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationPerret, L. C., Geoffroy, M.-C., Barr, E., Parnet, F., Provencal, N., Boivin, M., O’Donnell, K. J., Suderman, M., Power, C., Turecki, G., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.1051556 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Arranz, M. J., Gallego-Fabrega, C., Martín-Blanco, A., Soler, J., Elices, M., Dominguez-Clavé, E., Salazar, J., Vega, D., Briones-Buixassa, L., & Pascual, J. C. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01139-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Childhood poverty, immune cell aging, and African Americans' insulin resistance: A prospective study
Barton, A. W., Yu, T., Gong, Q., Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Brody, G. H. (2022) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13795 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Koning, S. M., Kessler, C. L., Canli, T., Duman, E. A., Adam, E. K., Zinbarg, R., Craske, M. G., Stephens, J. E., & Vrshek-Schallhorn, S. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107181 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Hanć, T., Stehli, A., Trampush, J. W., Kennedy, M., Kreppner, J., Rutter, M., & Swanson, J. M. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105427 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sumner, J. A., Colich, N. L., Uddin, M., Armstrong, D., & McLaughlin, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McLaughlin, Katie A.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 268-278
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6326868
- OpenAlex
- W2893918737
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 24
- FWCI
- 29.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01MH103291, R01MH103291-S2, K01HL130650, F32MH114317)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, threat exposure, deprivation, accelerated biological aging, DNA methylation age, pubertal timing, children and adolescents, depressive symptoms, externalizing problems, violence exposure, food insecurity, neglect
- MeSH terms
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adolescent, Aging, Child, Depression, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Puberty, Precocious, DNA Methylation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
