Probiotics supplementation for athletes – Clinical and physiological effects

Pyne, David B.; West, Nicholas P.; Cox, Amanda J.; Cripps, Allan W.

doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.971879

Cited by 139Probiotics and Fermented FoodsExercise and Physiological ResponsesGastrointestinal motility and disorders

Probiotics supplementation for athletes – Clinical and physiological effects

Pyne, David B., West, Nicholas P., Cox, Amanda J., Cripps, Allan W.·2015·European Journal of Sport Science

DOI 10.1080/17461391.2014.971879

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Abstract

Probiotic supplementation has traditionally focused on gut health. However, in recent years, the clinical applications of probiotics have broadened to allergic, metabolic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions. Gastrointestinal health is important for regulating adaptation to exercise and physical activity. Symptoms such as nausea, bloating, cramping, pain, diarrhoea and bleeding occur in some athletes, particularly during prolonged exhaustive events. Several studies conducted since 2006 examining probiotic supplementation in athletes or highly active individuals indicate modest clinical benefits in terms of reduced frequency, severity and/or duration of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. The likely mechanisms of action for probiotics include direct interaction with the gut microbiota, interaction with the mucosal immune system and immune signalling to a variety of organs and systems. Practical issues to consider include medical and dietary screening of athletes, sourcing of recommended probiotics and formulations, dose–response requirements for different probiotic strains, storage, handling and transport of supplements and timing of supplementation in relation to travel and competition.

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Despite the existence of shared, core mechanisms for probiotic function, health benefits of probiotics are strain- and dose-dependent.
“Despite the existence of shared, core mechanisms for probiotic function, health benefits of probiotics are strain- and dose-dependent.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
In two reviews related to dietary supplementation in athletes, dosing regimens were reported in the range between 1×10^9 to 4×10^10 CFU.
“In two reviews related to dietary supplementation in athletes, dosing regimens were reported in the range between 1 × 109 to 4 × 1010 CFU [10, 40].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
Mild, transient GI symptoms, such as flatulence, may occur during probiotic supplementation.
“and there may be mild, transient GI symptoms, such as flatulence [10].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
A general reduction in endotoxin levels via pro/prebiotic/antioxidant combinations may have important benefits in minimizing low grade cytokinemia from endurance exercise.
“Although cytokine profiles were not assessed in the current study, a general reduction in endotoxin levels via pro/prebiotic/antioxidant combinations may have important benefits in minimizing low grade cytokinemia from endurance exercise [72,73].”
From An Exploratory Investigation of Endotoxin Levels in Novice Long Distance Triathletes, and the Effects of a Multi-Strain Probiotic/Prebiotic, Antioxidant Intervention (2016) · cites this paper as [73]

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Authors: Pyne, D. B., West, N. P., Cox, A. J., & Cripps, A. W.
Affiliations: Griffith University (AU)
Corresponding author: Pyne, David B.
ORCID: Pyne, David B.
West, Nicholas P.
Cox, Amanda J.
Cripps, Allan W.
Venue: European Journal of Sport Science
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2014-10-23
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 63-72
ISSN: 1536-7290 (ISSN-L)
1746-1391
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.971879
OpenAlex: W2136993116
Cited by: 139
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5
FWCI: 9.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Sport Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
University of Canberra Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords: probiotics, athletes, exercise adaptation, gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory diseases, gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, immune signaling, probiotic supplementation, probiotic strains, dose-response relationship, dietary screening
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics, Young Adult, Athletes, Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

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Probiotics supplementation for athletes – Clinical and physiological effects

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