The Effect of Probiotics on Respiratory Infections and Gastrointestinal Symptoms during Training in Marathon Runners
Abstract
Heavy exercise is associated with an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections. Strenuous exercise also causes gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. In previous studies probiotics have reduced respiratory tract infections and GI symptoms in general populations including children, adults, and the elderly. These questions have not been studied in athletes before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics on the number of healthy days, respiratory infections, and GI-symptom episodes in marathon runners in the summer. Marathon runners ( N = 141) were recruited for a randomized, double-blind intervention study during which they received Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or placebo for a 3-mo training period. At the end of the training period the subjects took part in a marathon race, after which they were followed up for 2 wk. The mean number of healthy days was 79.0 in the LGG group and 73.4 in the placebo group ( P = 0.82). There were no differences in the number of respiratory infections or GI-symptom episodes. The duration of GI-symptom episodes in the LGG group was 2.9 vs. 4.3 d in the placebo group during the training period ( P = 0.35) and 1.0 vs. 2.3 d, respectively, during the 2 wk after the marathon ( P = 0.046). LGG had no effect on the incidence of respiratory infections or GI-symptom episodes in marathon runners, but it seemed to shorten the duration of GI-symptom episodes.
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In 141 non-elite marathon runners, 12 weeks of L. rhamnosus GG did not significantly affect allergic markers or incidence of URTI episodes.
“For example, a 12-week study on 141 non-elite marathon runners during pollen season supplementing daily with L. rhammnosus GG (LGG) did not find a significant effect on allergic markers [54] or on the incidence of UTRI episodes [55].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [55]
The duration of a GI symptom episode was 57% shorter in the probiotic group than in the placebo group in marathon runners.
“However, the duration of a GI symptom episode was 57% shorter in the probiotic group than in the placebo group.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [55]
L. rhamnosus GG had no effect on GI-symptom episodes in marathon runners after a three-month training period.
“In the first reported study investigating the effects of probiotics on GI health, Kekkonen et al. [55], reported no effect of L. rhamnosus GG on GI-symptom episodes in marathon runners after a three-month training period.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [55]
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- Authors
- Kekkonen, R. A., Vasankari, T. J., Vuorimaa, T., Haahtela, T., Julkunen, I., & Korpela, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 352-363
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- OpenAlex
- W2160362327
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 8.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Valio
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, marathon runners, upper respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal symptoms, athletes, endurance training
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Endurance, Respiratory Tract Infections, Risk Factors, Running, Treatment Outcome, Probiotics, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
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