Endurance exercise and gut microbiota: A review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The physiological and biochemical demands of intense exercise elicit both muscle-based and systemic responses. The main adaptations to endurance exercise include the correction of electrolyte imbalance, a decrease in glycogen storage and the increase of oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, muscle damage, and systemic inflammatory response. Adaptations to exercise might be influenced by the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in the production, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from the diet as well as in inflammation, redox reactions, and hydration status. METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, and EMBASE was done. The search process was completed using the keywords: "endurance", "exercise", "immune response", "microbiota", "nutrition", and "probiotics". RESULTS: Reviewed literature supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota might be able to provide a measureable, effective marker of an athlete's immune function and that microbial composition analysis might also be sensitive enough to detect exercise-induced stress and metabolic disorders. The review also supports the hypothesis that modifying the microbiota through the use of probiotics could be an important therapeutic tool to improve athletes' overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels. CONCLUSION: The present review provides a comprehensive overview of how gut microbiota may have a key role in controlling the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses as well as improving metabolism and energy expenditure during intense exercise.
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Little is known about how the gut microbiota may contribute to an individual's exercise performance.
“Research examining the reciprocal relationship between exercise and gut microbiota composition is still in its infancy, as such little is known about how the gut microbiota may contribute to an individual's exercise performance (Mach and Fuster-Botella, 2017).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Mach and Fuster-Botella, 2017
There have not been specific established dietary recommendations for probiotic supplementation for athletes.
“Due to the great diversity of the human microbiome, there have not been specific established dietary recommendations for probiotic supplementation for athletes.”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [23]
Yogurt supplemented with beneficial bacterial strains are already being used to help treat some GI disorders such as inflammation and epithelial barrier function restoring.
“Yogurt supplemented with beneficial bacterial strains are already being used to help treat some GI disorders such as inflammation and epithelial barrier function restoring [23].”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [23]
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Changes in the vaginal microbiota across a gradient of urbanization
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- Authors
- Mach, N., & Fuster-Botella, D.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Mach, Núria
- ORCID
- Mach, Núria
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Health Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 179-197
- ISSN
- 2213-2961 (ISSN-L)
- 2095-2546
- PMC
- PMC6188999
- OpenAlex
- W2354159866
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Oberta in Open Access (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- The Oberta in Open Access (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- endurance exercise, gut microbiota, athletes, probiotics, oxidative stress, inflammation, intestinal permeability, immune function, energy metabolism, energy availability, exercise adaptation, redox homeostasis
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