Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 590

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

An Expanded Conceptualization and a New Measure of Compulsive Buying

Ridgway, Nancy M., Kukar-Kinney, Monika, Monroe, Kent B.·2008·Journal of Consumer Research

Abstract

Drawing on the theoretical foundation of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder, this article develops an expanded conceptualization and new measure of consumers' proclivity to buy compulsively. Compulsive buying is defined as a consumer's tendency to be preoccupied with buying that is revealed through repetitive buying and a lack of impulse control over buying. This measure includes dimensions of both obsessive-compulsive and impulse-control disorders. By measuring income-dependent items or consequences of compulsive buying separately from the compulsive-buying scale, we develop a measure that has a strong theoretical foundation, well-documented psychometric properties, and an ability to be applied to general consumer populations.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/591108

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 6 references

Research works printed but not linked: 49

  1. Aboujaoude, Elias, Nona Gamel, and Lorrin Koran (2003), “A 1-Year Naturalistic Follow-Up of Patients with Compulsive Shopping Disorder,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64 (8), 946–50. · DOI
  2. Arnold, Mark J. and Kristy E. Reynolds (2003), “Hedonic Shopping Motivations,” Journal of Retailing, 79 (2), 77–95. · DOI · Paper page
  3. Black, Donald (1996), “Compulsive Buying: A Review,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57 (8), 50–55.
  4. ——— (1997), “Urge to Splurge,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 154 (11), 1629–30. · DOI
  5. ——— (2001), “Compulsive Buying Disorder: Definition, Assessment, Epidemiology and Clinical Management,” CNS Drugs, 15 (1), 17–27. · DOI · Paper page
  6. Bollen, Kenneth A. (1989), Structural Equations with Latent Variables, New York: Wiley. · DOI · Paper page
  7. Carver, Charles S. (1989), “How Should Multifaceted Personality Factors Be Tested? Issues Illustrated by Self-Monitoring, Attributional Style, and Hardiness,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56 (April), 577–85. · DOI · Paper page
  8. Chaker, Anne Marie (2003), “Hello, I'm a Shopaholic! There's a Move Afoot to Make Compulsive Shopping a Diagnosable Mental Disorder: But Should It Be?” Wall Street Journal (January 14), F-1.
  9. Christenson, Gary, Ronald Faber, Martina de Zwann, Nancy Raymond, Sheila Specker, Michael Ekern, Thomas MacKenzie, Ross Crosby, Scott Crow, Elke Echert, Melissa Mussell, and James Mitchell (1994), “Compulsive Buying: Descriptive Characteristics and Psychiatry Comorbidity,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55 (1), 5–11.
  10. Cole, Leslie and Dan Sherrell (1995), “Comparing Scales to Measure Compulsive Buying: An Exploration of Their Dimensionality,” Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 22, ed. Frank Kardes and Mita Sujan, Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 419–27.
  11. Dahl, Darren, Heather Honea, and Rajesh Manchanda (2003), “The Nature of Self-Reported Guilt in Consumption Contexts,” Marketing Letters, 14 (3), 159–71. · DOI · Paper page
  12. d'Astous, Alain (1990), “An Inquiry into the Compulsive Side of Normal Consumers,” Journal of Consumer Policy, 13 (March), 15–31. · DOI · Paper page
  13. DeSarbo, Wayne and Elizabeth Edwards (1996), “Typologies of Compulsive Buying Behavior: A Constrained Clusterwise Regression Approach,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 5 (3), 231–62. · DOI · Paper page
  14. Dittmar, Helga (2004), “Understanding and Diagnosing Compulsive Buying,” in Handbook of Addictive Disorders: A Practical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment, ed. R. Coombs, New York: Wiley, 411–50.
  15. Dittmar, Helga and John Drury (2000), “Self-Image—Is It In the Bag? A Qualitative Comparison between ‘Ordinary’ and ‘Excessive’ Consumers,” Journal of Economic Psychology, 21 (2), 109–42. · DOI · Paper page
  16. Edwards, Elizabeth A. (1993), “Development of a New Scale for Measuring Compulsive Buying Behavior,” Financial Counseling and Planning, 4 (1), 67–84.
  17. Faber, Ronald J., Gary Christenson, Martina De Zwaan, and James Mitchell (1995), “Two Forms of Compulsive Consumption: Comorbidity of Compulsive Buying and Binge Eating,” Journal of Consumer Research, 22 (December), 296–304. · DOI · Paper page
  18. Faber, Ronald J. and Thomas C. O'Guinn (1992), “A Clinical Screener for Compulsive Buying,” Journal of Consumer Research, 19 (December), 459–69. · DOI · Paper page
  19. Faber, Ronald J., Thomas C. O'Guinn, and Raymond Krych (1987), “Compulsive Consumption,” in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 14, ed. Melanie Wallendorf and Paul Anderson, Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 132–35.
  20. Frost, Randy, Hyo-Jin Kim, Claire Morris, Cinnamon Bloss, Marta Murray-Close, and Gail Steketee (1998), “Hoarding, Compulsive Buying and Reasons for Saving,” Behavioral Research Therapy, 36 (7–8), 657–64. · DOI · Paper page
  21. Hassay, Derek N. and Malcolm C. Smith (1996), “Compulsive Buying: An Examination of the Consumption Motive,” Psychology and Marketing, 13 (December), 741–52. · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6793(199612)13:8<741::aid-mar2>3.0.co;2-f
  22. Hirschman, Elizabeth (1992), “The Consciousness of Addiction: Toward a General Theory of Compulsive Consumption,” Journal of Consumer Research, 19 (September), 155–72. · DOI · Paper page
  23. Hodgson, Ray J. and Stanley Rachman (1977), “Obsessional-Compulsive Complaints,” Behaviour Research and Therapy, 15 (5), 389–95. · DOI · Paper page
  24. Hollander, Eric (1999), “Managing Aggressive Behavior in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60 (15), 38–44.
  25. Hollander, Eric and Andrea Allen (2006), “Is Compulsive Buying a Real Disorder, and Is It Really Compulsive?” American Journal of Psychiatry, 163 (10), 1670–72. · DOI
  26. Hollander, Eric and Bernardo Dell'Osso (2005), “New Developments in an Evolving Field,” Psychiatric Times, 22 (8), 17.
  27. Jarvis, Cheryl Burke, Scott B. MacKenzie, and Philip M. Podsakoff (2003), “A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Behavior Research,” Journal of Consumer Research, 30 (2), 199–218. · DOI · Paper page
  28. Kacen, Jacqueline and Susanne Friese (1999), “An Exploration of Mood-Regulating Consumer Buying Behavior,” in European Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 4, ed. Bernard Dubois, Tina M. Lowrey, L. J. Shrum, and Marc Vanhuele, Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 73–76.
  29. Koran, Lorrin, Ronald J. Faber, Elias Aboujaoude, Michael D. Large, and Richard T. Serpe (2006), “Estimated Prevalence of Compulsive Buying Behavior in the United States,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 163 (1), 1806–12. · DOI · Paper page
  30. Kyrios, M., Randy Frost, and Gail Steketee (2004), “Cognitions in Compulsive Buying and Acquisition,” Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28 (2), 241–58. · DOI · Paper page
  31. Lee, Seung-Hee, Sharon J. Lennon, and Nancy A. Rudd (2000), “Compulsive Consumption Tendencies among Television Shoppers,” Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 28 (4), 463–89. · DOI
  32. Lejoyeux, Michel, Valerie Tassain, Jacquelyn Solomon, and Jean Ades (1997), “Study of Compulsive Buying in Depressed Patients,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58 (4), 169–73. · DOI · Paper page
  33. Lovibond, Syd and Peter F. Lovibond (1995), Manual for the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales, 2nd ed., Sydney, Australia: Psychology Foundation. · doi:10.1037/t03473-000
  34. McElroy, Susan (1994), “Compulsive Buying: A Report of 20 Cases,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 272 (11), 835P.
  35. McElroy, Susan, Paul Keck, Harrison G. Pope, Michael Smith, and Stephen M. Strakowski (1994), “Compulsive Buying: A Report of 20 Cases,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55 (June), 242–48.
  36. McElroy, Susan, Katharine Phillips, and Paul Keck (1994), “Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorder,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55 (10), 33–53.
  37. McIntosh, William and Brandon Schmeichel (2004), “Collectors and Collecting: A Social Psychological Perspective,” Leisure Sciences, 26 (1), 85–97. · DOI
  38. Mick, David Glen (1996), “Are Studies of Dark Side Variables Confounded by Socially Desirable Responding? The Case of Materialism,” Journal of Consumer Research, 23 (September), 106–19. · DOI · Paper page
  39. Monahan, Patrick, Donald W. Black, and Janelle Gabel (1996), “Reliability and Validity of a Scale to Measure Change in Persons with Compulsive Buying,” Psychiatry Research, 64 (1), 59–67. · DOI · Paper page
  40. Muller, Astrid and Martina de Zwaan (2004), “Current Status of Psychotherapy Research on Pathological Buying,” Verhaltenstherapie, 14 (2), 112–19.
  41. Neuner, Michael, Gerhard Raab, and Lucia Reisch (2005), “Compulsive Buying in Maturing Consumer Societies: An Empirical Re-inquiry,” Journal of Economic Psychology, 26 (4), 509–22. · DOI · Paper page
  42. Ninan, Philip T., Susan McElroy, Cecelia Kane, Bettina Knight, Leah Casuto, Steve Rose, Frederick Marsteller, and Charles Nemeroff (2000), “Placebo-Controlled Study of Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of Patients with Compulsive Buying,” Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 30 (3), 362–66. · DOI
  43. O'Guinn, Thomas C. and Ronald J. Faber (1989), “Compulsive Buying: A Phenomenological Exploration,” Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (September), 147–57. · DOI · Paper page
  44. Pirog, Stephen F. and James A. Roberts (2007), “Personality and Credit Card Misuse among College Students: The Mediating Role of Impulsiveness,” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 15 (1), 65–77. · DOI · Paper page
  45. Richins, Marsha L. (2004), “The Material Values Scale: Measurement Properties and Development of a Short Form,” Journal of Consumer Research, 31 (June), 209–19. · DOI · Paper page
  46. Roberts, James A. and Eli Jones (2001), “Money Attitudes, Credit Card Use, and Compulsive Buying among American College Students,” Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35 (2), 213–40. · DOI · Paper page
  47. Rosenthal, Robert and Ralph L. Rosnow (1991), Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis, New York: McGraw-Hill.
  48. Scherhorn, Gerard, Lucia A. Reisch, and Gerhard Raab (1990), “Addictive Buying in West Germany: An Empirical Study,” Journal of Consumer Policy, 13 (December), 699–705. · DOI · Paper page
  49. Valence, Gilles, Alain d'Astous, and Louis Fortier (1988), “Compulsive Buying: Concept and Measurement,” Journal of Consumer Policy, 11 (4), 419–33. · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 590

Metadata

Authors
Ridgway, N. M., Kukar-Kinney, M., & Monroe, K. B.
Venue
Journal of Consumer Research
Published
2008-12
Volume
35
Issue
4
Pages
622-639
ISSN
  • 0093-5301 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-5277
OpenAlex
W2096995499
Cited by
590
References
6
FWCI
28.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An Expanded Conceptualization and a New Measure of Compulsive Buying. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/591108
The paper
Ridgway, N. M., Kukar-Kinney, M., & Monroe, K. B. (2008). An Expanded Conceptualization and a New Measure of Compulsive Buying. Journal of Consumer Research. https://doi.org/10.1086/591108

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.