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Selectivity of direct and network-mediated stimulation of the retinal ganglion cells with epi-, sub- and intraretinal electrodes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Intra-retinal placement of stimulating electrodes can provide close and stable proximity to target neurons. We assessed improvement in stimulation thresholds and selectivity of the direct and network-mediated retinal stimulation with intraretinal electrodes, compared to epiretinal and subretinal placements. APPROACH: Stimulation thresholds of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in wild-type rat retina were measured using the patch-clamp technique. Direct and network-mediated responses were discriminated using various synaptic blockers. MAIN RESULTS: Three types of RGC responses were identified: short latency (SL, τ < 5 ms) originating in RGCs, medium latency (ML, 3 < τ < 70 ms) originating in the inner nuclear layer and long latency (LL, τ > 40 ms) originating in photoreceptors. Cathodic epiretinal stimulation exhibited the lowest threshold for direct RGC response and the highest direct selectivity (network/direct thresholds ratio), exceeding a factor of 3 with pulse durations below 0.5 ms. For network-mediated stimulation, the lowest threshold was obtained with anodic pulses in OPL position, and its network selectivity (direct/network thresholds ratio) increased with pulse duration, exceeding a factor of 4 at 10 ms. Latency of all three types of responses decreased with increasing strength of the stimulus. SIGNIFICANCE: These results define the optimal range of pulse durations, pulse polarities and electrode placement for the retinal prostheses aiming at direct or network-mediated stimulation of RGCs.
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“The device position (epiretinal, subretinal or suprachoroidal) and the characteristics of the electrical pulses (such as duration and waveform) determine which cell population is predominantly activated [28,29].”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Boinagrov, D., Pangratz-Fuehrer, S., Goetz, G., & Palanker, D.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Boinagrov, David
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2014-03-10
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 026008
- ISSN
- 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2560
- PMC
- PMC4082997
- OpenAlex
- W2058723867
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 6.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Chongqing University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Eye Institute (R01EY018608)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- retinal ganglion cells, retinal prosthesis, epiretinal stimulation, subretinal stimulation, stimulation selectivity, stimulation threshold, pulse duration, pulse polarity, inner plexiform layer, photoreceptors, rat retina
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Male, Microelectrodes, Nerve Net, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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