Cited by 373Redox biology and oxidative stressSulfur Compounds in BiologyAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Thiol-based redox switches in eukaryotic proteins

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Brandes, Nicolas, Schmitt, Sebastian, Jakob, Ursula·2009·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

Abstract

For many years, oxidative thiol modifications in cytosolic proteins were largely disregarded as in vitro artifacts, and considered unlikely to play significant roles within the reducing environment of the cell. Recent developments in in vivo thiol trapping technology combined with mass spectrometric analysis have now provided convincing evidence that thiol-based redox switches are used as molecular tools in many proteins to regulate their activity in response to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Reversible oxidative thiol modifications have been found to modulate the function of proteins involved in many different pathways, starting from gene transcription, translation and protein folding, to metabolism, signal transduction, and ultimately apoptosis. This review will focus on three well-characterized eukaryotic proteins that use thiol-based redox switches to influence gene transcription, metabolism, and signal transduction. The transcription factor Yap1p is a good illustration of how oxidative modifications affect the function of a protein without changing its activity. We use glyeraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to demonstrate how thiol modification of an active site cysteine re-routes metabolic pathways and converts a metabolic enzyme into a pro-apoptotic factor. Finally, we introduce the redox-sensitive protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B to illustrate that reversibility is one of the fundamental aspects of redox-regulation.

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Authors
Brandes, N., Schmitt, S., & Jakob, U.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Venue
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Published
2009-05
Volume
11
Issue
5
Pages
997-1014
ISSN
  • 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7716
OpenAlex
W2056357865
Cited by
373
References
156
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 21
FWCI
6.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Antioxidants and Redox Signaling (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (R01AG027349)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords
eukaryotic proteins, Yap1p, PTP1B, redox regulation, gene transcription, signal transduction, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, cysteine modification
MeSH terms
Eukaryotic Cells, Oxidation-Reduction, Proteins, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Oxidative Stress

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