What Is Telemedicine? A Collection of 104 Peer-Reviewed Perspectives and Theoretical Underpinnings
Abstract
Nearly half a century ago, telemedicine was disregarded for being an unwieldy, unreliable, and unaffordable technology. Rapidly evolving telecommunications and information technologies have provided a solid foundation for telemedicine as a feasible, dependable, and useful technology. Practitioners from a variety of medical specialties have claimed success in their telemedicine pursuits. Gradually, this new modality of healthcare delivery is finding its way into the mainstream medicine. As a multidisciplinary, dynamic, and continually evolving tool in medicine, researchers and users have developed various definitions for telemedicine. The meaning of telemedicine encapsulated in these definitions varies with the context in which the term was applied. An analysis of these definitions can play an important role in improving understanding about telemedicine. In this paper we present an extensive literature review that produced 104 peer-reviewed definitions of telemedicine. These definitions have been analyzed to highlight the context in which the term has been defined. The paper also suggests a definition of modern telemedicine. The authors suggest that telemedicine is a branch of e-health that uses communications networks for delivery of healthcare services and medical education from one geographical location to another. It is deployed to overcome issues like uneven distribution and shortage of infrastructural and human resources. We expect that this study will enhance the level of understanding and meaning of telemedicine among stakeholders, new entrants, and researchers, eventually enabling a better quality of life.
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Telemedicine can support task sharing through didactic provider education, though distance education has drawbacks.
“Telemedicine, defined as communications networks used to deliver health care services or medical education across geographic areas,50 can also support task sharing through didactic education for providers though such support must consider drawbacks of distance education.”
From Task-sharing approaches to improve mental health care in rural and other low-resource settings: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Sood, S., Mbarika, V., Jugoo, S., Dookhy, R., Doarn, C. R., Prakash, N., & Merrell, R. C.
- Affiliations
- C-DAC School of Advanced Computing, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius.
- Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College (US)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (IN)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- Telemedicine and e-Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 573-590
- ISSN
- 1530-5627 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-3669
- OpenAlex
- W2059840575
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 10.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Telemedicine Journal and e-Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Healthcare Systems and Technology
- Keywords
- telemedicine, e-health, health care delivery, telecommunications, medical education, health workforce shortage, healthcare resource allocation
- MeSH terms
- Communication, Computer Communication Networks, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Peer Review, Telemedicine, Databases as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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