The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing
Abstract
Justice is one of the oldest and most central themes of philosophy, but sometimes we would do well to focus instead on injustice. In epistemology, the very idea that there is a first-order ethical dimension to our epistemic practices — the idea that there is such a thing as epistemic justice — remains obscure until we adjust the philosophical lens so that we see through to the negative space that is epistemic injustice. This book argues that there is a distinctively epistemic genus of injustice, in which someone is wronged specifically in their capacity as a knower, wronged therefore in a capacity essential to human value. The book identifies two forms of epistemic injustice: testimonial injustice and hermeneutical injustice. In doing so, it charts the ethical dimension of two fundamental epistemic practices: gaining knowledge by being told and making sense of our social experiences. As the account unfolds, the book travels through a range of philosophical problems. Thus, the book finds an analysis of social power; an account of prejudicial stereotypes; a characterization of two hybrid intellectual-ethical virtues; a revised account of the State of Nature used in genealogical explanations of the concept of knowledge; a discussion of objectification and ‘silencing’; and a framework for a virtue epistemological account of testimony. The book reveals epistemic injustice as a potent yet largely silent dimension of discrimination, analyses the wrong it perpetrates, and constructs two hybrid ethical-intellectual virtues of epistemic justice which aim to forestall it.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Epistemic forms of exclusion and injustice are of course politically relevant and impact democracy.”
From Democracy, epistemic agency, and AI: political epistemology in times of artificial intelligence (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Indigenous knowledge undervalued in formal accreditation and rankings.”
From Whose Knowledge Counts? Western Accreditation, University Rankings, and the Marginalization of Indigenous Institutions (2026) · cites this paper as Fricker (2007)
In the citing paper
“Epistemic justice frameworks emphasize the moral imperative of ensuring that Indigenous scholars and institutions are afforded credibility and interpretive recognition, allowing for the meaningful inclusion of alternative knowledge systems (Fricker, 2007; Ajmani et al., 2024).”
From Whose Knowledge Counts? Western Accreditation, University Rankings, and the Marginalization of Indigenous Institutions (2026) · cites this paper as Fricker, 2007
In the citing paper
“The marginalization of Indigenous epistemologies represents not only a structural inequity but also an epistemic injustice, encompassing both testimonial and hermeneutical dimensions, which undermines the visibility, credibility, and legitimacy of Indigenous scholars and institutions (Fricker, 2007; Duria, 2025).”
From Whose Knowledge Counts? Western Accreditation, University Rankings, and the Marginalization of Indigenous Institutions (2026) · cites this paper as Fricker, 2007
In the citing paper
“show how algorithmic profiling can prevent individuals from accessing and meaningfully interpreting important aspects of their experiences (Fricker, 2007; Medina, 2017; Pohlhaus, 2017).”
From Algorithmic profiling as a source of hermeneutical injustice (2025) · cites this paper as Fricker, 2007
In the citing paper
“Hermeneutical injustice, by contrast, concerns the interpretive conditions under which experience becomes intelligible: it occurs when a gap in collective interpretive resources places someone at an unfair disadvantage in making sense of their social experience, and thus in making themselves understood within shared discourse (ibid.).”
From Hallucination as epistemic pollution: epistemic injustice and credibility in futures-oriented science education (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Fricker's framework begins from a simple but far-reaching claim, namely that credibility is not merely a cognitive estimate but also a moral relation, because to treat another as unworthy of belief on grounds that track social prejudice is to deny them a form of respect owed to rational agency (ibid.).”
From Hallucination as epistemic pollution: epistemic injustice and credibility in futures-oriented science education (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Testimonial injustice, on this account, arises when the hearer's reception of a speaker's word is corrupted by identity prejudice, such that the speaker is assigned a credibility deficit not because the reasons are weak, but because the person is socially marked as less authoritative (ibid.).”
From Hallucination as epistemic pollution: epistemic injustice and credibility in futures-oriented science education (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“The injustice becomes visible when this displacement interacts with testimonial injustice, understood as the assignment of credibility deficits that track prejudice or status hierarchies rather than reasons [10].”
From Hallucination as epistemic pollution: epistemic injustice and credibility in futures-oriented science education (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“This exploration has great potential and it suggests, for example, that contemporary concerns with epistemic trust in political communication (Dahlgren, 2018) pay insufficient attention to issues of social power and to the idea that 'social disadvantage can produce unjust epistemic disadvantage' (Fricker, 2007, p. 2).”
From Epistemic injustice and education in the digital age: Introduction (2024) · cites this paper as Fricker, 2007
In the citing paper
“Arguably, these women experience what Miranda Fricker (2007) calls a 'hermeneutical injustice', that is, an inability to make sense of their own experiences due to marginalization from the collective framework of understanding-in particular, I claim, due to a color-blind ideology that centers White experience and ignores racial dynamics salient from other points of view.”
From Why Yellow Fever Isn't Flattering: A Case Against Racial Fetishes (2016) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007
In the citing paper
“The foundational insight of this literature is that trust must be dynamically calibrated against a source's reliability, the stakes of the claim and the availability of independent verification.”
From Beyond prompt literacy: Towards a critical epistemological framework for artificial intelligence literacy in higher education (2026) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007
In the citing paper
“They seemed to have prospective concerns for what philosopher Miranda Fricker calls ‘hermeneutical injustice’”
From Is it Still Ok to be Ok? Mental Health Labels as a Campus Technology (2023) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007
In the citing paper
“Fricker warns that hermeneutical injustice can leave a person ‘deeply troubled, confused and isolated’ (ibid:151).”
From Is it Still Ok to be Ok? Mental Health Labels as a Campus Technology (2023) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007
In the citing paper
“Perceived credibility is an important source of epistemic power (Archer et al., 2020; Fricker, 2007);”
From The epistemic power of the police (2024) · cites this paper as Fricker, 2007
In the citing paper
“As for dimensions, this can take place in a relationship between two knowers (interpersonal), or entire classes of knowers (systemic), while being an exception (incidental) or pertaining to the organization of society (structural).”
From A taxonomy of epistemic injustice in the context of AI and the case for generative hermeneutical erasure (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Miranda Fricker's characterization of epistemic injustice as encompassing testimonial injustice and hermeneutical injustice will be taken as starting points”
From A taxonomy of epistemic injustice in the context of AI and the case for generative hermeneutical erasure (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In Fricker's major work Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing, she distinguishes two kinds of epistemic injustice.”
From A taxonomy of epistemic injustice in the context of AI and the case for generative hermeneutical erasure (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Its 'background condition', hermeneutical marginalization, precedes the 'eruption' of hermeneutical injustice itself.”
From A taxonomy of epistemic injustice in the context of AI and the case for generative hermeneutical erasure (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Like testimonial injustice, hermeneutical injustice can have an equally structural dimension.”
From A taxonomy of epistemic injustice in the context of AI and the case for generative hermeneutical erasure (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“The testimonial injustices that are mainly of interest to the political philosopher are those which are systematic: structural patterns of prejudice that lead the credibility of a social group (e.g., women, immigrants, elderly people) to be structurally doubted [11], pp.21; 28).”
From A taxonomy of epistemic injustice in the context of AI and the case for generative hermeneutical erasure (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Hermeneutical injustice can thus occur in societies where some social groups' experiences are structurally marginalized, that is: where an inequality exists in how their experiences are made intelligible to society as a whole, or when the means the society presents as dominant are inadequate for rendering sensible what one lives through.”
From A taxonomy of epistemic injustice in the context of AI and the case for generative hermeneutical erasure (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“This, in brief, is the injustice that occurs when some significant area of a person's social experience--that is, an area of social experience that it is in their interests to grasp clearly--is subject to failures of collective understanding, owing to the prior exclusion of certain groups from the social practices that determine our shared conceptual and terminological resources.”
From Agency and authority: A differentiated model of hermeneutical power (2025) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007
In the citing paper
“Fricker notes that we shape our shared hermeneutical resources through participation in practices of social meaning-making.”
From Agency and authority: A differentiated model of hermeneutical power (2025) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007
In the citing paper
“These practices are often conducted in ways that exclude or subordinate members of certain social groups; the sites where concepts, terms, and narratives are developed and disseminated--sites like journalism, politics, law, academia, or medicine-tend to be dominated by those with greater social power (2007 : 148).”
From Agency and authority: A differentiated model of hermeneutical power (2025) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007
In the citing paper
“it misrepresents the systematic ways in which men can struggle to develop and convey adequate understandings of some of their gendered experiences”
From Agency and authority: A differentiated model of hermeneutical power (2025) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007
In the citing paper
“at the same time it dilutes the concept of hermeneutical marginalization, making the concept so expansive as to include members of groups who do not face structural barriers to sites of public meaning-making.”
From Agency and authority: A differentiated model of hermeneutical power (2025) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007
In the citing paper
“Epistemic injustice scholarship shows that power affects who is heard as a knower and what interpretive resources are available for making sense of experience (Dotson, 2011;Fricker, 2007;Medina, 2013;Pohlhaus, 2012).”
From Hermeneutic Sovereignty under Generative AI: A Humanities Framework for Protecting Human Meaning-Making from Interpretive Foreclosure (2026) · cites this paper as Fricker, 2007
In the citing paper
“The epistemic injustice literature shows why collective sense-making matters for experiences that are difficult to name within dominant categories (Fricker, 2007;Medina, 2013;Milano & Prunkl, 2025).”
From Hermeneutic Sovereignty under Generative AI: A Humanities Framework for Protecting Human Meaning-Making from Interpretive Foreclosure (2026) · cites this paper as Fricker, 2007
In the citing paper
“Formal opportunities to speak do not guarantee fair interpretive uptake (Dotson, 2011;Fricker, 2007).”
From Hermeneutic Sovereignty under Generative AI: A Humanities Framework for Protecting Human Meaning-Making from Interpretive Foreclosure (2026) · cites this paper as Fricker, 2007
In the citing paper
“his attempt to undermine her own assessment of herself as a credible epistemic agent surely is an attempt to wrong her ' speci fi cally in her capacity as a knower ' , and so is an epistemic injustice in Miranda Fricker ' s sense of this term (Fricker 2007, 20).”
From Epistemic dimensions of gaslighting: peer-disagreement, self-trust, and epistemic injustice (2023) · cites this paper as Fricker 2007, 20
Citations
Cites
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · Cited by 28,810
Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective
Haraway, D. (1988) · Feminist Studies · doi:10.2307/3178066 · Cited by 18,364
Searle, J. R. (1969) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139173438 · Cited by 11,718
Lukes, S. (1974) · Power · doi:10.1007/978-0-230-80257-5_2 · Cited by 6,654
On the psychology of prediction.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0034747 · Cited by 6,202
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968) · The Urban Review · doi:10.1007/bf02322211 · Cited by 3,878
Lukes, S. (1974) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-02248-9 · Cited by 3,382
Moral Luck: Philosophical Papers 1973–1980
Williams, B. (1981) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139165860 · Cited by 3,068
Shapin, S. (1994) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226148847.001.0001 · Cited by 2,443
Zagzebski, L. T. (1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174763 · Cited by 2,303
Research works printed but not linked: 62
- Alcoff,, 2000, Women of Color and Philosophy
- Aristotle, 1976, The Ethics of Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics
- Bartky,, 1990, Femininity and Domination: Studies in the Phenomenology of Oppression
- Broadie,, 1991, Ethics with Aristotle
- Brownmiller,, 1990, In Our Time: Memoir of a Revolution
- Craig,, 1990, Knowledge and the State of Nature: An Essay in Conceptual Synthesis
- Driver,, 2003, Moral and Epistemic Virtues
- 1980, Michel Foucault; Power/Knowledge; Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977
- 1982, Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics
- Second‐hand Knowledge, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
- 2000, Morality, Reflection, and Ideology
- 2000, The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy
- 2003, The Cambridge Companion to Simone de Beauvoir
- Gatens,, 1996, Imaginary Bodies: Ethics, Power and Corporeality
- Gifford,, 1960, Elizabethan Lyrics
- Gilligan,, 1982, In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development
- Goldie,, 2000, The Emotions: A Philosophical Exploration
- Green,, 1998, Censorship and Silencing: Practices of Cultural Regulation
- Hartsock,, 1998, The Feminist Standpoint Revisited and Other Essays
- Haslanger,, 1993, A Mind of One's Own: Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity
- 1995, Ontology and Social Construction, Philosophical Topics: Feminist Perspectives on Language, Knowledge, and Reality
- Hobbes,, 1991, Leviathan
- Hornsby,, 1995, The Problem of Pornography
- 1975, A Treatise of Human Nature
- Jaggar,, 1989, Women, Knowledge, and Reality: Explorations in Feminist Philosophy
- James,, 2002, Visible Women: Essays on Feminist Legal Theory and Political Philosophy
- 2002, A Mind of One's Own: Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity
- Jussim,, 1996, Stereotypes and Stereotyping
- Langton,, 1998, Censorship and Silencing: Practices of Cultural Regulation
- Lee,, 1960, To Kill a Mockingbird
- Leyens,, 1994, Stereotypes and Social Cognition
- Lovibond,, 1983, Realism and Imagination in Ethics
- 2002, Ethical Formation
- MacIntyre,, 1981, After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory
- Macrae,, 1996, Stereotypes and Stereotyping
- McDowell,, 1994, Mind and World
- McEwan,, 1998, Enduring Love
- Minghella,, 2000, The Talented Mr Ripley—Based on Patricia Highsmith's Novel
- 1993, Epistemic Virtue and Doxastic Responsibility
- Murdoch,, 1970, The Sovereignty of Good
- Nagel,, 1979, Mortal Questions
- Nisbett,, 1980, Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgement
- Nussbaum,, 1990, Love's Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature
- 1999, Sex and Social Justice
- 2003, Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of the Emotions
- 1992, The Cambridge Companion to Kant
- 1970, Inquiry into the Human Mind
- Ruddick,, 1990, Maternal Thinking: Towards a Politics of Peace
- Shklar,, 1990, The Faces of Injustice
- Spelman,, 1989, Women, Knowledge, and Reality: Explorations In Feminist Philosophy
- Stangor,, 2000, Stereotypes and Prejudice: Essential Readings
- Steele,, 2000, Stereotypes and Prejudice: Essential Readings
- Taylor,, 1982, Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
- Wartenberg,, 1992, Rethinking Power
- 2001, Knowledge
- White,, 1983, A Boy's Own Story
- Williams,, 1972, Morality: An Introduction to Ethics
- 1981, Moral Luck: Philosophical Papers 1973–1980, 10.1017/cbo9781139165860 · DOI · Paper page
- 1993, Shame and Necessity
- 2002, Truth and Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy
- Williamson,, 2000, Knowledge and its Limits
- Young,, 1992, Rethinking Power
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 6,801–6,900 of 12,257
Internal Reasons and the Heart’s Desire
Chappell, S. G. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684854.003.0006
Equality and Moralism: Response to Ronald Dworkin
Langton, R. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199247066.003.0008
Chappell, S. G. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684854.003.0009
Comments on Karen Jones, 'The Politics of Intellectual Self-Trust'
Daukas, N. (2012)
Trusting Teachers Within Reason: Education and the Epistemology of Testimony
Nutbrown, G. (2016) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.3098.3923
Hoolachan, J. E. (2015) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)
de Kenessey, B. (2016) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.1215/00318108-3517031
Epistemologia da Virtude Anti-Sorte
Gaboardi, G. (2016) · Intuitio · doi:10.15448/1983-4012.2016.1.22553
Some directions for future research in relevance-theoretic pragmatics
Cruz, M. P. (2016) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.268.12cru
Deák, D. (2016) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Robinson, A. A. (2014) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
Review of the Book "Teacher education for high poverty schools"
Anabo, I. F. (2016) · International Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.17583/ijep.2016.2280
Free Associative Film Analysis
Martins, C. B. (2015) · Belgrade English Language and Literature Studies · doi:10.18485/bells.2015.7.8
Engaging citizens in deliberations for health policy development: Democratising health policy?
Settle, C. (2015) · ANU Open Research (Australian National University)
Accounting measurement tools and their impact on managerial decision making
Millo, Y., Barman, E., & Hall, M. (2016) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics
Intellectual Agents of Trans-linguistic Divergence
Singh, M. J., & Han, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2065-0_5
The History of Family Therapy in Norway
Torsteinsson, V. W., & Johnsen, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50675-3_2
The Depiction of Unwritten Law
Nelson, B. (2016) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
The Many Uses of Legitimacy in Medical Ethics
Smith, W. R. (2017) · The AMA Journal of Ethic · doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.2.fred1-1702
Cull, M. J. (2016) · QSpace (Queen's University Library)
McCabe, M. M. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-39356-2_24
The Word On the Street: Gossip’s Contributions to Knowledge
Adkins, K. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47840-1_3
Moral considerability for non-sentient life : duties to wild and domesticated plants
Garon, V. L. (2017) · California State University ScholarWorks (system-wide DSpace)
The Construction and Transformation of High-Conflict Divorce Involving Children
Treloar, R. (2016) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
The Story from Start to Finish
Blyth, C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46783-2_1
Blyth, C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46783-2_4
The Dark Side: Teacher Emotions and Their Affect/Effect on Conflict
Blyth, C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46783-2_5
Concluding on a More Optimistic Note
Blyth, C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46783-2_6
Lane, M. (2017) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)
Sprawiedliwość edukacyjna jako kategoria filozofii kształcenia
Stojanov, K. (2016) · Forum Pedagogiczne · doi:10.21697/fp.2016.2.37
Inattentiveness to Place: The Case of South African Philosophy
Tabensky, P. A. (2017) · Contributions to hermeneutics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52214-2_36
Haigh, C. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51058-3_9
Theorizing Epistemic Injustice: Three Essays
Baoum, F. N. (2017) · Wellesley College Digital RepositoryWellesley (Wellesley College)
Ventura, R. W. (2016) · Semina Ciências Sociais e Humanas · doi:10.5433/1679-0383.2016v37n2p235
Hermeneutic Competence and the Dialogical Conditions of Capacity
Kong, C. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316683088.006
Rethinking Religious Epistemology
(2008) · Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy · doi:10.5840/wcp22200845256
Bildungsphilosophie und Systematische Pädagogik, K. E.-I., & Horsthemke, K. (2017) · Journal of Advances in Education Research · doi:10.22606/jaer.2017.23002
Rorty’s Aversion to Normative Violence: The Myth of the Given and the Death of God
Sachs, C. B. (2017) · Contemporary Pragmatism · doi:10.1163/18758185-01403002
Nwankwo, I. K. (2017) · Meridians · doi:10.2979/meridians.15.2.07
Adaptive demarchy: a flexible model of deliberative democracy for an uncertain political context
Zaphir, L. (2017) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2017.791
Belief and Ameliorative Epistemology
McWilliams, E. C. (2016) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Objectivity, Diversity, and Uptake: On the Status of Women in Philosophy
Ciurria, M. (2017) · Feminist Philosophy Quarterly · doi:10.5206/fpq/2017.3.3
Legitimation in a World at Risk: Lessons from the Villages
Desmond, E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6065-6_8
Whispering into knowing: teachers as creative beings
Pelosi, L. (2017) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)
Conclusion: Science, Power and the Struggle for Legitimation
Desmond, E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6065-6_9
Bt Cotton and the Legitimation of Democracy
Desmond, E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6065-6_3
Critique of Metaphysical Violence
Kennel, M. (2017) · Dialogue · doi:10.1017/s0012217317000737
Csac, W., & Izaak, L. (2017) · Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State
Trujols, J., Guàrdia‐Olmos, J., Iraugui, I., & Cobos, J. P. D. L. (2017) · Aloma: revista de psicologia, ciències de l'educació i de l'esport Blanquerna · doi:10.51698/aloma.2017.35.2.39-50
The Gulbarg Memorial and the Problem of Memory
Ahmed, H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64516-2_9
Pejoratives and Testimonial Injustice: Precis
Perhat, J. (2017) · Hrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre)
Philanthropy, Hermeneutics, and Power
Nickel, P. M. (2017) · Cultural Politics an International Journal · doi:10.1215/17432197-4211362
Professional Knowledge and Practice: Some Conclusions
Iredale, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65819-3_6
Martel, S. L. (2014) · YorkSpace (York University)
Analytic Approaches to Pornography and Objectification
McGowan, M. K., & Takaoka, B. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0263
Hardy, P., & Sumner, T. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64146-1_4
Silenced, Shamed, Speaking Out and the Strong Black Woman
Kanyeredzi, A. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-58389-5_3
From Scientific Evidence to Juridical Proof
Forti, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67092-8_6
Kanyeredzi, A. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-58389-5_6
Farré, J. A. G. D. R. (2018) · Ideas y Valores · doi:10.15446/ideasyvalores.v67n166.69811
Berthelot-Raffard, A. (2017) · Recherches féministes · doi:10.7202/1043936ar
Menschenwürdeverletzung der Nachfahren durch Genozidleugnung
Altanian, M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-20453-2_6
Connecting Virtues: Introduction
Croce, M., & Vaccarezza, M. S. (2018) · Metaphilosophy · doi:10.1111/meta.12300
Foreigners in Philosophy and Openness to Dislocation
Yavnık, E. (2018) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/hypa.12405
Zack, N. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78729-9_7
Know-how as the cognitive basis of skill
Bianchi, D. M. (2017) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Poverty, Regulation and New Forms of Educational Exclusion
Gilligan, K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-79120-3_7
On learning how to live in this strange place
Buckland, L. A. (2018) · South African Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1080/02580136.2018.1436256
Minding the Gaps: Sensitivities in Pursuing Empirical Ethics
Rappert, B. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92738-1_5
L'histoire à travers l'objet: exploration d'une approche participative en histoire sociale
Beauchemin, W.-J., Gadoua, M.-P., Laliberté, B., Blémur, D., & Delfino, L. (2018) · Histoire sociale · doi:10.1353/his.2018.0006
Moral Experts, Ethico-Epistemic Processes, and Discredited Knowers: An Epistemology for Bioethics
Potter, N. N. (2018) · Philosophy and medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92759-6_9
Power, other-worldliness, and the extended mind
Green, A. (2018) · Religious Studies · doi:10.1017/s0034412518000549
O valor da queixa nos modelos compreensivos da psicopatologia
Carvalho, C. A. S. (2018) · Aufklärung journal of philosophy · doi:10.18012/arf.2016.38082
Flawed Ideologies, Propaganda and the Social Situatedness of Knowledge
Amoretti, M. C. (2018) · Disputatio · doi:10.2478/disp-2018-0005
Global Trade with an Epistemic Upgrade
Herzog, L. M. (2018) · Moral Philosophy and Politics · doi:10.1515/mopp-2018-0052
Hountondji’s Critique of Ethnophilosophy and His Notion of African Philosophy
Dübgen, F., & Skupien, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01995-2_2
Dryzek, J. S., & Pickering, J. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198809616.003.0002
Who will form the Anthropocene?
Dryzek, J. S., & Pickering, J. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198809616.003.0006
Cassam, Q. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198826903.003.0006
Governance in the Anthropocene
Dryzek, J. S., & Pickering, J. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198809616.003.0003
Cassam, Q. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198826903.003.0005
Conclusion: a practical politics of the Anthropocene
Dryzek, J. S., & Pickering, J. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198809616.003.0008
‘Madre hay más que una’: reflexiones en torno a las maternidades lesbianas
Rodó-Zárate, M., & Jorba, M. (2018) · Revista Latino-americana de Geografia e Genero · doi:10.5212/rlagg.v.9.i2.0010
Omal, F. (2019) · International Research in Higher Education · doi:10.5430/irhe.v4n1p24
McGowan, M. K. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198829706.003.0005
McGowan, M. K. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198829706.003.0006
Race, Speech, and Free Speech Law
McGowan, M. K. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198829706.003.0007
McGowan, M. K. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198829706.003.0004
On Differences Between Standard and Conversational Exercitives
McGowan, M. K. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198829706.003.0003
Developing Dispossession: Infrastructure, Cultural Production and Legal Discourse in Treaty 3
Barr, C. J. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Psychology Regulates Activity in the Social World
Bolton, D., & Gillett, G. R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11899-0_3 · Cited by 1
Conditionality as a Veiled Continuation of Coloniality vs. Epistemic Democracy
Hayes, A. L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11401-5_3
The Oppressive Sexist Male Language: A Feminist Portrayal of the English Language
Musingafi, M. C. C., Mafumbate, R., & Khumalo, T. F. (2019) · Journal of Culture, Society and Development · doi:10.7176/jcsd/47-06
Cournoyea, M. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Toward a Genuine Understanding
Heikes, D. K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16485-0_3
Epistemic Injustice in Sexual Assault Trials
Tilton, E. C. R. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/14443226
Metadata
- Authors
- Fricker, M.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fricker, Miranda
- ORCID
- Fricker, Miranda
- Publisher
- Oxford University PressOxford
- Published
- 2007-06-01
- OpenAlex
- W4252633962
- Cited by
- 9,198
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2488 · 2025: 1853 · 2024: 1152 · 2023: 800 · 2022: 627 · 2021: 593 · 2020: 547 · 2019: 291 · 2018: 244 · 2017: 160 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 28.81
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- epistemic injustice, testimonial injustice, hermeneutical injustice, epistemic justice, social power, intellectual virtues, moral virtues, state of nature, genealogy of knowledge, objectification, silencing, discrimination, human values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review