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Cited by 363Regulation of Appetite and ObesityMuscle metabolism and nutritionDietary Effects on Health

Ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations, 24-h satiety, and energy and substrate metabolism during a high-protein diet and measured in a respiration chamber

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Lejeune, Manuela PGM, Westerterp, Klaas R, Adam, Tanja CM, Luscombe-Marsh, Natalie D, Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S·2006·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.89
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Abstract

Background The mechanism of protein-induced satiety remains unclear.Objective The objective was to investigate 24-h satiety and related hormones and energy and substrate metabolism during a high-protein (HP) diet in a respiration chamber.Design Twelve healthy women aged 18-40 y were fed in energy balance an adequate-protein (AP: 10%, 60%, and 30% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, respectively) or an HP (30%, 40%, and 30% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, respectively) diet in a randomized crossover design. Substrate oxidation, 24-h energy expenditure (EE), appetite profile, and ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured.Results Sleeping metabolic rate (6.40 +/- 0.47 compared with 6.12 +/- 0.40 MJ/d; P < 0.05), diet-induced thermogenesis (0.91 +/- 0.25 compared with 0.69 +/- 0.24 MJ/d; P < 0.05), and satiety were significantly higher, and activity-induced EE (1.68 +/- 0.32 compared with 1.86 +/- 0.41; P < 0.05), respiratory quotient (0.84 +/- 0.02 compared with 0.88 +/- 0.03; P < 0.0005), and hunger were significantly lower during the HP diet. There was a tendency for a greater 24-h EE during the HP diet (P = 0.05). Although energy intake was not significantly different between the diet groups, the subjects were in energy balance during the HP diet and in positive energy balance during the AP diet. Satiety was related to 24-h protein intake (r2 = 0.49, P < 0.05) only during the HP diet. Ghrelin concentrations were not significantly different between diets. GLP-1 concentrations after dinner were higher during the HP than during the AP diet (P < 0.05).Conclusion An HP diet, compared with an AP diet, fed at energy balance for 4 d increased 24-h satiety, thermogenesis, sleeping metabolic rate, protein balance, and fat oxidation. Satiety was related to protein intake, and incidentally to ghrelin and GLP-1 concentrations, only during the HP diet.

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  • Secretion of gut neuropeptides that induce satiation, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 or cholecystokinin, is increased in high-protein diets.

    “Secretion of gut neuropeptides that induce satiation, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 or cholecystokinin, is increased in high-protein diets.”

    From Optimal Diet Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance (2021) · cites this paper as [49]

    The Results report higher GLP-1 concentrations 15 minutes after dinner on the high-protein diet than on the adequate-protein diet; they do not establish a general increase across meals. The Discussion identifies cholecystokinin as a satiety-related hormone but says the study focused on ghrelin and GLP-1, so it does not support increased cholecystokinin secretion. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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  • Rats fed a diet deficient in one or more essential amino acids can recognize the presence of these amino acids in diets with or without them.

    “which is supported by the observation that rats, when fed a diet deficient in one or more dietary essential amino acids, are able to recognize the presence of these amino acids in a range of diets with or without these amino acids (43,44) .”

    From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [43]

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Authors
Lejeune, M. P., Westerterp, K. R., Adam, T. C., Luscombe-Marsh, N. D., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S.
Affiliations
Maastricht University (NL)
Corresponding author
Lejeune, Manuela PGM
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-01
Volume
83
Issue
1
Pages
89-94
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/83.1.89
OpenAlex
W2118617555
Cited by
363
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 25
FWCI
11.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
Keywords
ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, high-protein diet, satiety, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, diet-induced thermogenesis, sleeping metabolic rate, appetite, energy balance, protein balance, fat oxidation, respiratory quotient, hunger, women, protein intake, gastrointestinal hormones, substrate metabolism, thermogenesis
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Amino Acids, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Calorimetry, Indirect, Dietary Proteins, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Energy Metabolism, Environment, Controlled, Female, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Satiation, Single-Blind Method, Cross-Over Studies, Area Under Curve, Thermogenesis, Peptide Hormones, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Ghrelin

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