Alternative dietary protein sources to support healthy and active skeletal muscle aging

van der Heijden, Ino; Monteyne, Alistair J; Stephens, Francis B; Wall, Benjamin T

doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuac049

Cited by 45Muscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in AgingMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Alternative dietary protein sources to support healthy and active skeletal muscle aging

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van der Heijden, Ino, Monteyne, Alistair J, Stephens, Francis B, Wall, Benjamin T·2023·Nutrition Reviews

DOI 10.1093/nutrit/nuac049

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Abstract

To mitigate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and the associated negative health outcomes, it has been proposed that dietary protein recommendations for older adults should be increased alongside an active lifestyle and/or structured exercise training. Concomitantly, there are growing environmental concerns associated with the production of animal-based dietary protein sources. The question therefore arises as to where this dietary protein required for meeting the protein demands of the rapidly aging global population should (or could) be obtained. Various non-animal–derived protein sources possess favorable sustainability credentials, though much less is known (compared with animal-derived proteins) about their ability to influence muscle anabolism. It is also likely that the anabolic potential of various alternative protein sources varies markedly, with the majority of options remaining to be investigated. The purpose of this review was to thoroughly assess the current evidence base for the utility of alternative protein sources (plants, fungi, insects, algae, and lab-grown “meat”) to support muscle anabolism in (active) older adults. The solid existing data portfolio requires considerable expansion to encompass the strategic evaluation of the various types of dietary protein sources. Such data will ultimately be necessary to support desirable alterations and refinements in nutritional guidelines to support healthy and active aging, while concomitantly securing a sustainable food future.

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Plant-based proteins such as soy, rice, and pea protein are effective but generally require higher doses (25-40 g) to match the leucine threshold necessary for robust MPS stimulation owing to lower essential amino acid content.
“Plant-based proteins such as soy, rice, and pea protein, while effective [82], generally require higher doses (25–40 g) to match the leucine threshold necessary for robust MPS stimulation owing to lower essential amino acid content [53, 74, 83].”
From Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
Brown rice is low in lysine but high in methionine, whereas pea is low in methionine and high in lysine.
“For example, brown rice (eg, a grain) is low in lysine but high in methionine, whereas pea (eg, a pulse) is low in methionine and high in lysine [7,77].”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [7]

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Reidy, P. T., Walker, D. K., Dickinson, J. M., Gundermann, D. M., Drummond, M. J., Timmerman, K. L., Fry, C. S., Borack, M. S., Cope, M. B., Mukherjea, R., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.112.168021 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Consideration of insects as a source of dietary protein for human consumption
Churchward‐Venne, T. A., Pinckaers, P. J., van Loon, J. J. A., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2017) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nux057 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
The impact of dietary protein intake on longevity and metabolic health
Kitada, M., Ogura, Y., Monno, I., & Koya, D. (2019) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.005 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Quantity of dietary protein intake, but not pattern of intake, affects net protein balance primarily through differences in protein synthesis in older adults
Kim, I.-Y., Schutzler, S., Schrader, A., Spencer, H., Kortebein, P., Deutz, N. E. P., Wolfe, R. R., & Ferrando, A. A. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2014 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Seaweed Proteins and Amino Acids as Nutraceuticals
Černá, M. (2011) · Advances in food and nutrition research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-387669-0.00024-7 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Minced beef is more rapidly digested and absorbed than beef steak, resulting in greater postprandial protein retention in older men
Pennings, B., Groen, B. B., van Dijk, J.-W., de Lange, A., Kiskini, A., Kuklinski, M., Senden, J. M., & van Loon, L. J. (2013) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051201 · Cited by 167 · cited 1× · see citing works
“as well as lower rates of essential amino acid extraction by splanchnic tissues.(41,94,125,186,187) As a result of amino”
Background
Effect of Processing on the In Vitro and In Vivo Protein Quality of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris and Vicia Faba)
Nosworthy, M. G., Medina, G., Franczyk, A. J., Neufeld, J., Appah, P., Utioh, A. C., Frohlich, P., & House, J. D. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10060671 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Skeletal Muscle Autophagy and Protein Breakdown Following Resistance Exercise are Similar in Younger and Older Adults
Fry, C. S., Drummond, M. J., Glynn, E. L., Dickinson, J. M., Gundermann, D. M., Timmerman, K. L., Walker, D. K., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls209 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Animal Protein versus Plant Protein in Supporting Lean Mass and Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Lim, M. T., Pan, B. J., Toh, D. W. K., Sutanto, C. N., & Kim, J. E. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020661 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise
Bukhari, S. S. I., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M. C., Rankin, D., Mitchell, W. K., Kobayashi, H., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2014 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Short-term muscle disuse lowers myofibrillar protein synthesis rates and induces anabolic resistance to protein ingestion
Wall, B. T., Dirks, M. L., Snijders, T., van Dijk, J., Fritsch, M., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2015 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citation
An approach to including protein quality when assessing the net contribution of livestock to human food supply
Ertl, P., Knaus, W., & Zollitsch, W. J. (2016) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731116000902 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Dietary Protein and Energy Balance in Relation to Obesity and Co-morbidities
Drummen, M., Tischmann, L., Gatta-Cherifi, B., Adam, T., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00443 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Effect of age on basal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling in a large cohort of young and older men and women
Markofski, M., Dickinson, J., Drummond, M., Fry, C., Fujita, S., Gundermann, D., Glynn, E., Jennings, K., Paddon-Jones, D., Reidy, P., et al. (2015) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.015 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Pea proteins oral supplementation promotes muscle thickness gains during resistance training: a double-blind, randomized, Placebo-controlled clinical trial vs. Whey protein
Babault, N., Païzis, C., Deley, G., Guérin-Deremaux, L., Saniez, M.-H., Lefranc-Millot, C., & Allaert, F. A. (2015) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-014-0064-5 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Meet the new meat: tissue engineered skeletal muscle
Langelaan, M. L. P., Boonen, K. J. M., Polak, R. B., Baaijens, F. F., Post, M. J., & van der Schaft, D. W. J. (2009) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2009.11.001 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Post-Prandial Protein Handling: You Are What You Just Ate
Groen, B. B. L., Horstman, A. M. H., Hamer, H. M., de Haan, M. W., van Kranenburg, J. M. X., Bierau, J., Poeze, M., Wodzig, W. K. W. H., Rasmussen, B. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141582 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Pharmacological Vasodilation Improves Insulin-Stimulated Muscle Protein Anabolism but Not Glucose Utilization in Older Adults
Timmerman, K. L., Lee, J. L., Fujita, S., Dhanani, S., Dreyer, H. C., Fry, C. S., Drummond, M. J., Sheffield-Moore, M., Rasmussen, B. B., & Volpi, E. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0415 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Ingestion Stimulates Muscle Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis following Resistance Exercise in Humans
Jackman, S. R., Witard, O. C., Philp, A., Wallis, G. A., Baar, K., & Tipton, K. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00390 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Digestible indispensable amino acid score and digestible amino acids in eight cereal grains
Cervantes-Pahm, S. K., Liu, Y., & Stein, H. H. (2014) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513004273 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Protein quality of four indigenous edible insect species in Nigeria
Oibiokpa, F. I., Akanya, H. O., Jigam, A. A., Saidu, A. N., & Egwim, E. C. (2018) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.1016/j.fshw.2018.05.003 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Influence of aerobic exercise intensity on myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis in young men during early and late postexercise recovery
Donato, D. M. D., West, D. W. D., Churchward‐Venne, T. A., Breen, L., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00487.2013 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Defining meal requirements for protein to optimize metabolic roles of amino acids
Layman, D., Anthony, T., Rasmussen, B., Adams, S., Lynch, C., Brinkworth, G., & Davis, T. (2015) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.084053 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Consumption of whole eggs promotes greater stimulation of postexercise muscle protein synthesis than consumption of isonitrogenous amounts of egg whites in young men
van Vliet, S., Shy, E. L., Abou Sawan, S., Beals, J. W., West, D. W., Skinner, S. K., Ulanov, A. V., Li, Z., Paluska, S. A., Parsons, C. M., et al. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.159855 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Leucine, not total protein, content of a supplement is the primary determinant of muscle protein anabolic responses in healthy older women
Devries, M. C., McGlory, C., Bolster, D. R., Kamil, A., Rahn, M., Harkness, L., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M. (2018) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxy091 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Sarcopenia Is Associated With Lower Skeletal Muscle Capillarization and Exercise Capacity in Older Adults
Prior, S. J., Ryan, A. S., Blumenthal, J. B., Watson, J. M., Katzel, L. I., & Goldberg, A. P. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw017 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Review of the nutritive value of edible insects.
Chen, X., Feng, Y., Zhang, H., Chen, Z., Durst, P. B., Johnson, D. V., Leslie, R. N., & Shono, K. (2010) · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Advantages and limitations of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) as a method for evaluating protein quality in human diets
Schaafsma, G. (2012) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002541 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Relation between mealtime distribution of protein intake and lean mass loss in free-living older adults of the NuAge study
Farsijani, S., Morais, J. A., Payette, H., Gaudreau, P., Shatenstein, B., Gray-Donald, K., & Chevalier, S. (2016) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.130716 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Differences in postprandial protein handling after beef compared with milk ingestion during postexercise recovery: a randomized controlled trial
Burd, N. A., Gorissen, S. H., van Vliet, S., Snijders, T., & van Loon, L. J. (2015) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.103184 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Higher Protein Intake Is Associated with Higher Lean Mass and Quadriceps Muscle Strength in Adult Men and Women.
Sahni, S., Mangano, K. M., Hannan, M., Kiel, D., & McLean, R. (2015) · Journal of NutriLife · doi:10.3945/jn.114.204925 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The effects of dietary protein intake on appendicular lean mass and muscle function in elderly men: A 10-wk randomized controlled trial
Mitchell, C. J., Milan, A. M., Mitchell, S. M., Zeng, N., Ramzan, F., Sharma, P., Knowles, S. O., Roy, N. C., Sjödin, A., Wagner, K.-H., et al. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.160325 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
High-Protein Plant-Based Diet Versus a Protein-Matched Omnivorous Diet to Support Resistance Training Adaptations: A Comparison Between Habitual Vegans and Omnivores
Hevia-Larraín, V., Gualano, B., Longobardi, I., Gil, S., Fernandes, A. L., Costa, L. A. R., Pereira, R. M. R., Artioli, G. G., Phillips, S. M., & Roschel, H. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01434-9 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Protein type, protein dose, and age modulate dietary protein digestion and phenylalanine absorption kinetics and plasma phenylalanine availability in humans
Gorissen, S. H., Trommelen, J., Kouw, I. W., Kouw, I. W., Pennings, B., Pennings, B., Wall, B. T., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Horstman, A. M., Koopman, R., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa024 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citation
In-vitro meat: a promising solution for sustainability of meat sector
Kumar, P., Sharma, N., Sharma, S., Mehta, N. R., Verma, A. K., Chemmalar, S., & Sazili, A. Q. (2021) · Journal of Animal Science and Technology · doi:10.5187/jast.2021.e85 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Ileal digestibility of dietary protein in the growing pig and adult human
Deglaire, A., Bos, C., Tomé, D., & Moughan, P. J. (2009) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114509991267 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Long‐term synthesis rates of skeletal muscle DNA and protein are higher during aerobic training in older humans than in sedentary young subjects but are not altered by protein supplementation
Robinson, M. M., Turner, S., Hellerstein, M. K., Hamilton, K. L., & Miller, B. F. (2011) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-186437 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Food-First Approach to Enhance the Regulation of Post-Exercise Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis and Remodeling
Burd, N. A., Beals, J. W., Martinez, I. G., Salvador, A. F., & Skinner, S. K. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-1009-y · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Amino Acid Availability of a Dairy and Vegetable Protein Blend Compared to Single Casein, Whey, Soy, and Pea Proteins: A Double-Blind, Cross-Over Trial
Liu, J., Klebach, M., de Visser, M., & Hofman, Z. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11112613 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Factors governing algal growth in photobioreactors: the “open” versus “closed” debate
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Effect of processing on the in vitro and in vivo protein quality of red and green lentils (Lens culinaris)
Nosworthy, M. G., Medina, G., Franczyk, A. J., Neufeld, J., Appah, P., Utioh, A. C., Frohlich, P., & House, J. D. (2017) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.129 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Prevalence of protein intake below recommended in community‐dwelling older adults: a meta‐analysis across cohorts from the PROMISS consortium
Hengeveld, L. M., Boer, J. M. A., Gaudreau, P., Heymans, M. W., Jagger, C., Mendonça, N., Ocké, M. C., Presse, N., Sette, S., Simonsick, E. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12580 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
A review of edible insect industrialization: scales of production and implications for sustainability
Wade, M., & Hoelle, J. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aba1c1 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

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Understanding Dietary Protein Quality: Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Scores and Beyond
Matthews, J. J., Arentson-Lantz, E., Moughan, P. J., Wolfe, R. R., Ferrando, A., & Church, D. D. (2025) · Journal of NutriLife · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review
Naderi, A., Rothschild, J. A., Santos, H. O., Hamidvand, A., Koozehchian, M. S., Ghazzagh, A., Berjisian, E., & Podlogar, T. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02213-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Plant-based proteins such as soy, rice, and pea protein, while effective [82], generally require higher doses (25–40 g) to match the leucine threshold necessary for robust MPS stimulation owing to lower essential amino acid content [53, 74, 83].”
Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., van der Heijden, I., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.012 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
A perspective on the environmental impact of plant-based protein concentrates and isolates
Aimutis, W. R., & Shirwaiker, R. A. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2319003121 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mycoprotein: A Healthy New Protein with a Low Environmental Impact
Finnigan, T. J. A., Mach, K., & Edlin, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91652-3.00011-3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ingestion of mycoprotein, pea protein, and their blend support comparable postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in resistance-trained individuals
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., Whelehan, G., van der Heijden, I., Abdelrahman, D. R., Murton, A. J., Finnigan, T. J. A., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00166.2023 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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Plant Protein Blend Ingestion Stimulates Postexercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Equivalently to Whey in Resistance-Trained Adults
van der Heijden, I., Monteyne, A. J., West, S., Morton, J. P., Langan‐Evans, C., Hearris, M. A., Abdelrahman, D. R., Murton, A. J., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003432 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Dietary protein recommendations to support healthy muscle ageing in the 21st century and beyond: considerations and future directions
Morgan, P. T., Witard, O. C., Højfeldt, G. W., Church, D. D., & Breen, L. (2023) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665123003750 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Soy protein modification strategies, functional interplay and industrial relevance: a review
Pandey, N., Kumar, N., & Upadhyay, A. (2024) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-024-02989-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Biological Value of Proteins for Pediatric Growth and Development: A Narrative Review
Escobedo-Monge, M. F., Parodi-Román, J., Escobedo-Monge, M. A., & Marugán‐Miguelsanz, J. M. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17132221 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A multi-center prospective study of plant-based nutritional support in adult community-based patients at risk of disease-related malnutrition
Delsoglio, M., Griffen, C., Syed, R., Cookson, T., Saliba, H., Vowles, A., Davies, S., Willey, N., Thomas, J., Millen, N., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1297624 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
High-Moisture Extrusion of a Dietary Protein Blend Impairs In Vitro Digestion and Delays In Vivo Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Availability in Humans
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., Whelehan, G., Abdelrahman, D. R., Murton, A. J., Finnigan, T. J. A., Mandalari, G., Booth, C., Wilde, P. J., Stephens, F. B., et al. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.018 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Algae Ingestion Increases Resting and Exercised Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates to a Similar Extent as Mycoprotein in Young Adults
van der Heijden, I., West, S., Monteyne, A. J., Finnigan, T. J. A., Abdelrahman, D. R., Murton, A. J., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.035 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Dietary protein considerations in a sustainable and ageing world: a narrative review with a focus on greenhouse gas emissions and skeletal muscle remodelling and maintenance
Morgan, P. T., Carson, B. P., & Witard, O. C. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07945-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Protein extraction from the industrial solid residue of brown seaweed after alginate extraction
Bojorges, H., Martínez‐Sanz, M., Fontes‐Candia, C., Díaz-Piñero, L., Martínez‐Abad, A., López‐Rubio, A., & Fabra, M. J. (2024) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.110708 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Potential sources of novel proteins suitable for use as ingredients in 3D food printing, along with some of the food safety challenges
Wu, J., Zhu, H., & Li, C. (2024) · International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.ijgfs.2024.100983 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ingestion of a variety of non-animal-derived dietary protein sources results in diverse postprandial plasma amino acid responses which differ between young and older adults
van der Heijden, I., West, S., Monteyne, A. J., Finnigan, T., Abdelrahman, D., Murton, A., Stephens, F., & Wall, B. T. (2024) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114524000163 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sex-Specific Diet–Microbiota Interactions in Ageing: Implications for Healthy Longevity
Hernández-Acosta, J., Tovar, A. R., & Torres, N. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17243833 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effect of varied levels of dietary protein and lipid on growth response, nutrient utilization, and whole body composition of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) fry
Routroy, S., Prakash, P., Kumar, R., Chandan, N. K., Sahu, B., Nanda, S., Pillai, B. R., & Mohanta, K. N. (2024) · Aquaculture International · doi:10.1007/s10499-024-01677-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
High-efficiency patatin expression strategies in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris): Expression cassette toolbox and regulation of protein secretion
Huang, Y., Jia, S., Lin, Y., Wang, J., Nong, L., Ye, L., & Liang, S. (2025) · Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.synbio.2025.01.003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Assessing diet quality and associated environmental impacts: A cross-sectional analysis in a middle- to older-aged Irish population
Leydon, C. L., Harrington, J. M., Millar, S., & McCarthy, S. N. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142189 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nutritional Interventions to Attenuate Quadriceps Muscle Deficits following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction
Smith, M., Hoffman, N. J., Jose, A. T. S., Burke, L. M., & Opar, D. A. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02174-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Postprandial plasma amino acid and appetite responses with ingestion of a novel salmon-derived protein peptide in healthy young adults
Prosser, S., Fava, M., Rogers, L. M., Liaset, B., & Breen, L. (2024) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114524000540 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Alternative protein sources and healthy skeletal muscle aging: A narrative review
Dai, Z., Zhao, Y., Ke, Y., Huang, J., Zhu, J., Wu, H., Yang, Y., Shang, H., & Xia, Z. (2025) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2025.106990 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Meat Alternatives and Their Impact on Human Health: A Comprehensive Review
Pontalti, E., Cullere, M., & Zotte, A. D. (2024) · Meat and Muscle Biology · doi:10.22175/mmb.17711 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Is There a Specific Role for Fungal Protein Within Food Based Dietary Guidelines? A Roundtable Discussion
Derbyshire, E. J., Brameld, J. M., Wall, B. T., Thomas, P. W., Arens, U., Forde, C. G., Hall, W. L., Glenn, A. J., Hill, T. R., & Paxman, J. R. (2025) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/nbu.70011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is It Worth Assessing the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Pregnant Women? Should Any Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes Be Expected?
Göbl, C. S., Dardano, A., Daniele, G., & Tura, A. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17162682 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Postprandial Bioavailability and Efficacy of Recombinant Bovine β-Lactoglobulin for Resistance Training-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptation in Young Adults
ROGERS, L. M., Quinlan, J. I., Lau, K. M., BELFIELD, A. E., Korzepa, M., Hannaian, S. J., Gritsas, A., Churchward‐Venne, T. A., Wallis, G. A., & Breen, L. (2025) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003756 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Potential of edible insects as alternative protein source for the older adults
Ke, Y., Dai, Z., Zhao, Y., Yang, Y., Wu, H., Shang, H., Cholewa, J. M., Zanchi, N. E., & Xia, Z. (2025) · Current Research in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101153 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Insect Protein to Support Human Skeletal Muscle Anabolism: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Rutherford, J. A. G., Elliott, R. M., Knott, G. P., Thatcher, R., & MANDERS, R. J. F. (2025) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuae218 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The challenges of co-extraction of animal and plant proteins from transgenic plants for use in food and feed
Aimutis, W. R., & Shirwaiker, R. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1626856 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A multi-center, prospective, single-arm, open label, 13-month intervention study of a plant-based, high energy and protein enteral tube feed in home enterally tube fed patients
Hubbard, G. P., Griffen, C., Capener, R., Wyer, N., Martin, R., Raif, R., Green, L., Sutcliffe, S., Michaels, E. K., Dube, Y., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1621993 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Optimization of macro-nutrient requirements and different protein-based ingredients for pengba, Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844) fingerlings
Mohanta, K. N., Khalasi, Y., Prakash, P., Kumari, R., Chandan, N. K., & Meena, D. K. (2025) · Blue Biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s44315-025-00042-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Dietary protein recommendations to support healthy muscle ageing in the 21st century and beyond: considerations and future directions
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Authors: van der Heijden, I., Monteyne, A. J., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T.
Affiliations: Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, United Kingdom
University of Exeter (GB)
Corresponding author: Wall, Benjamin T
ORCID: van der Heijden, Ino
Monteyne, Alistair J
Stephens, Francis B
Wall, Benjamin T
Venue: Nutrition Reviews
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2022-08-12
Volume: 81
Issue: 2
Pages: 206-230
ISSN: 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
1753-4887
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac049
OpenAlex: W4290975650
Semantic Scholar: 5cf80a8d3a62e8945b31565cebd4708d5beab0fb
Cited by: 45
References: 295
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6
FWCI: 1.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Marlow Foods
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords: alternative protein sources, dietary protein, skeletal muscle aging, sarcopenia, muscle anabolism, older adults, plant proteins, fungi, insect protein, algae, cultured meat, sustainable food, active ageing, exercise training, protein recommendations
MeSH terms: Aging, Dietary Proteins, Humans, Nutritional Status, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Sarcopenia

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Alternative dietary protein sources to support healthy and active skeletal muscle aging

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