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Testing Black-White Disparities in Biological Aging Among Older Adults in the United States: Analysis of DNA-Methylation and Blood-Chemistry Methods

Graf, Gloria H, Crowe, Christopher L, Kothari, Meeraj, Kwon, Dayoon, Manly, Jennifer J, Turney, Indira C, Valeri, Linda, Belsky, Daniel W·2022·American Journal of Epidemiology
DOI 10.1093/aje/kwab281

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Abstract

Biological aging is a proposed mechanism through which social determinants drive health disparities. We conducted proof-of-concept testing of 8 DNA-methylation (DNAm) and blood-chemistry quantifications of biological aging as mediators of disparities in healthspan between Black and White participants in the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (n = 9,005). We quantified biological aging from 4 DNAm “clocks” (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge clock), a DNAm pace-of-aging measure (DunedinPoAm), and 3 blood-chemistry measures (PhenoAge, Klemera-Doubal method biological age, and homeostatic dysregulation). We quantified Black-White disparities in healthspan from cross-sectional and longitudinal data on physical performance tests, self-reported limitations in activities of daily living, and physician-diagnosed chronic diseases, self-rated health, and survival. DNAm and blood-chemistry quantifications of biological aging were moderately correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.1–0.4). The GrimAge clock, DunedinPoAm, and all 3 blood-chemistry measures were associated with healthspan characteristics (e.g., mortality effect-size hazard ratios were 1.71–2.32 per standard deviation of biological aging) and showed evidence of more advanced/faster biological aging in Black participants than in White participants (Cohen’s d = 0.4–0.5). These measures accounted for 13%–95% of Black-White differences in healthspan-related characteristics. Findings suggest that reducing disparities in biological aging can contribute to building health equity.

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Metadata

Authors
Graf, G. H., Crowe, C. L., Kothari, M., Kwon, D., Manly, J. J., Turney, I. C., Valeri, L., & Belsky, D. W.
Venue
American Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2021-12-01
Volume
191
Issue
4
Pages
613-625
ISSN
  • 0002-9262
  • 1476-6256
DOI
10.1093/aje/kwab281
Cited by
150
References
10
Language
en
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (R01AG061378, R01AG066887)
  • Russell Sage Foundation (1810-08987)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (5T32MH013043)

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