Cognitive Impairment: An Increasingly Important Complication of Type 2 Diabetes: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study
Open accessAbstract
Persons with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. Less is known about which cognitive abilities are affected and how undiagnosed diabetes and impaired fasting glucose relate to cognitive performance. The authors explored this question using data from 1,917 nondemented men and women (average age = 76 years) in the population-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (2002-2006). Glycemic status groups included diagnosed diabetes (self-reported diabetes or diabetic medication use; n = 163 (8.5%)), undiagnosed diabetes (fasting blood glucose >or=7.0 mmol/L without diagnosed diabetes; n = 55 (2.9%)), and impaired fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L; n = 744 (38.8%)). Composites of memory, processing speed (PS), and executive function were constructed from a neuropsychological battery. Linear regression was used to investigate cross-sectional differences in cognitive performance between glycemic groups, adjusted for demographic and health factors. Persons with diagnosed diabetes had slower PS than normoglycemics (beta = -0.12; P < 0.05); diabetes duration of >or=15 years was associated with significantly poorer PS and executive function. Undiagnosed diabetics had slower PS (beta = -0.22; P < 0.01) and poorer memory performance (beta = -0.22; P < 0.05). Persons with type 2 diabetes have poorer cognitive performance than normoglycemics, particularly in PS. Those with undiagnosed diabetes have the lowest cognitive performance.
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Chronic hyperglycemia, increased insulin, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes are associated with VCI, VaD, or dementia with stroke.
“Chronic hyperglycemia, increased insulin, the metabolic syndrome, and diabetes are associated with VCI,337,345–348 as well as VaD or dementia with stroke.349,350”
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- Authors
- Saczynski, J. S., Jonsdottir, M. K., Garcia, M. E., Jonsson, P. V., Peila, R., Eiriksdottir, G., Olafsdottir, E., Harris, T. B., Gudnason, V., & Launer, L. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Saczynski, J. S.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-10-09
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1132-1139
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- PMC
- PMC2727243
- OpenAlex
- W2164991066
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) (submittedVersion)
- Hirsla (Landspítali University Hospital) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hjartavernd (N01-AG-1-2100)
- National Institutes of Health (n01ag12100-57-0-2, N01-AG-1-2100)
- National Institute on Aging (N01-AG12100, N01-AG012100)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment, undiagnosed diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, processing speed, executive function, memory, glycemic status, diabetes duration, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Blood Glucose, Cognition Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Environment, Fasting, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Iceland, Male, Psychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cohort Studies, Logistic Models, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Glycemic Index
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