Effect of dietary pulses on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend diet and lifestyle modifications for primary prevention and treatment of hypertension, but do not encourage dietary pulses specifically for lowering blood pressure (BP). To quantify the effect of dietary pulse interventions on BP and provide evidence for their inclusion in dietary guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials was conducted. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were each searched from inception through 5 May 2013. Human trials ≥3 weeks that reported data for systolic, diastolic, and/or mean arterial BPs were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality and risk of bias of included studies. Effect estimates were pooled using random effects models, and reported as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (χ(2) test) and quantified (I(2)). RESULTS: Eight isocaloric trials (n = 554 participants with and without hypertension) were included in the analysis. Dietary pulses, exchanged isocalorically for other foods, significantly lowered systolic (MD = -2.25 mm Hg (95% CI, -4.22 to -0.28), P = 0.03) and mean arterial BP (MD = -0.75 mm Hg (95% CI, -1.44 to -0.06), P = 0.03), and diastolic BP non-significantly (MD = -0.71 mm Hg (95% CI, -1.74 to 0.31), P = 0.17). Heterogeneity was significant for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary pulses significantly lowered BP in people with and without hypertension. Higher-quality large-scale trials are needed to support these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01594567.
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Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of viscous fibre, total dietary fibre, and sources of plant protein including dietary pulses and soy protein have shown reductions in SBP/DBP.
“Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of viscous fibre 48,49 as well as total dietary fibre (inclusive of viscous fibre) 50 and sources of plant protein including dietary pulses and soy protein, have shown reductions in SBP/DBP 51,52 .”
From Portfolio Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
The Results section (‘Dietary pulses for BP’; page not available) reports that this meta-analysis found a significant reduction in SBP with dietary pulses. DBP was lower only as a nonsignificant estimate (P = 0.17), a qualification missing from the citing sentence. The Methods (‘Study selection’; page not available) also state that soy interventions were excluded; the adjacent citation, not this paper, is offered for soy protein. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn a meta-analysis of eight RCTs, legumes reduce SBP by 2 mmHg and lower mean arterial pressure.
“Legumes also reduce SBP (by 2 mmHg) and lowered mean arterial pressure(231) in a meta-analysis of eight RCTs.”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [231]
In observational studies and RCTs, legume consumption improves CVD risk factors (waist circumference, cholesterol, BP, CRP, glucose) and is protective against T2DM.
“In observational studies and RCTs consumption of legumes improves CVD risk factors, such as waist circumference, cholesterol, BP, C-reactive protein, glucose; and is protective against T2DM (224–231).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [231]
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BackgroundNutritional and health benefits of pulses
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- Authors
- Jayalath, V. H., de Souza, R. J., Sievenpiper, J. L., Ha, V., Chiavaroli, L., Mirrahimi, A., Di Buono, M., Bernstein, A. M., Leiter, L. A., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Vuksan, V., Beyene, J., Kendall, C. W. C., & Jenkins, D. J. A.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Hypertension
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-09-07
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56-64
- ISSN
- 0895-7061 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-7225
- PMC
- PMC5391775
- OpenAlex
- W2107126748
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- American Journal of Hypertension (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Abbott Laboratories
- Coca-Cola Foundation
- Canadian Nutrition Society
- Government of Canada
- European Association for the Study of Diabetes
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- Fabaceae, blood pressure, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, isocaloric substitution, dietary guidelines, plant-based diet
- MeSH terms
- Blood Pressure, Diet, Humans, Hypertension, Fabaceae, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, Seeds, Time Factors, Chi-Square Distribution, Treatment Outcome, Risk Reduction Behavior
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